| Tilia americana L. American Basswood USDA TIAMA |
Chippewa Fiber, Cordage Used for twine and general utility. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 378 |
| Tilia americana L. American Basswood USDA TIAMA |
Chippewa Other, Containers Bast made into thread for sewing, fine yarn for weaving bags and into other cordage of all sorts. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 136 |
| Tilia americana L. American Basswood USDA TIAMA |
Lakota Fiber, Cordage Inner bark fibers used to make cordage. Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 60 |
| Tilia americana L. American Basswood USDA TIAMA |
Malecite Fiber, Cordage Fiber used to make ropes. Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6 |
| Tilia americana L. American Basswood USDA TIAMA |
Menominee Fiber, Cordage Bast and bark fiber used for cordage. Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 76 |
| Tilia americana L. American Basswood USDA TIAMA |
Meskwaki Fiber, Cordage Inner bark boiled in lye water, dried, seasoned and twisted into two-ply cord. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 269 |
| Tilia americana L. American Basswood USDA TIAMA |
Ojibwa Fiber, Cordage Inner bark of young sprouts used to make twine and rope. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 232 |
| Tilia americana L. American Basswood USDA TIAMA |
Ojibwa Fiber, Cordage Tough, fibrous bark of young trees furnished ready cordage and string. The women stripped the bark and peeled the outer edge from the inner fiber with their teeth. The rolls were then kept in coils or were boiled and kept as coils until needed, being soaked again when used, to make them pliable. While there were countless uses for this cordage, perhaps the most important was in tying the poles together for the framework of the wigwam or medicine lodge. When these crossings of poles were lashed together with wet bark fiber, it was easy to get a tight knot which shrank when dry and made an even tighter joint. The bark of an elm or a balsam, cut into broad strips was then sewed into place on the framework with basswood string. An oak wood awl was used to punch holes in the bark, but Smith notes that, when they made his wigwam, they used an old file end for an awl. He reports that he lived in this new wigwam all the time he was among the Pillager Ojibwe and scarcely a night passed without a group of them visiting him and sitting around the campfire, telling old time stories. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 422 |
| Tilia americana L. American Basswood USDA TIAMA |
Omaha Fiber, Cordage Inner bark fiber used to make cordage and rope. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 102 |
| Tilia americana L. American Basswood USDA TIAMA |
Omaha Fiber, Cordage Inner bark used to make ropes and cordage. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 324 |
| Tilia americana L. American Basswood USDA TIAMA |
Pawnee Fiber, Mats, Rugs & Bedding Inner bark fiber used for spinning cordage and weaving matting. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 102 |
| Tilia americana L. American Basswood USDA TIAMA |
Ponca Fiber, Cordage Inner bark fiber used to make cordage and rope. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 102 |
| Tilia americana L. American Basswood USDA TIAMA |
Potawatomi Fiber, Cordage Bark string used for making cordage. Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 114 |
| Tilia americana var. heterophylla (Vent.) Loud. American Basswood USDA TIAMH |
Cherokee Fiber, Cordage Boiled bark twisted into rope. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 24 |
| Tillandsia usneoides (L.) L. Spanish Moss USDA TIUS |
Houma Fiber, Cordage Dried fibers twisted and used for cordage. Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 59 |
| Touchardia latifolia Gaud. Olona USDA TOLA |
Hawaiian Fiber, Cordage Plant fiber used to make fishing lines or ropes. Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 71 |
| Ulmus rubra Muhl. Slippery Elm USDA ULRU |
Dakota Fiber, Cordage Inner bark fibers used to make ropes and cords. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76 |
| Ulmus rubra Muhl. Slippery Elm USDA ULRU |
Omaha Fiber, Cordage Inner bark fiber used to make cords and ropes. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76 |
| Ulmus rubra Muhl. Slippery Elm USDA ULRU |
Omaha Fiber, Cordage Inner bark used to make ropes and cordage. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 324 |
| Ulmus rubra Muhl. Slippery Elm USDA ULRU |
Pawnee Fiber, Cordage Inner bark fiber used to make ropes and cords. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76 |
| Ulmus rubra Muhl. Slippery Elm USDA ULRU |
Ponca Fiber, Cordage Inner bark fiber used to make cords and ropes. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76 |
| Ulmus rubra Muhl. Slippery Elm USDA ULRU |
Winnebago Fiber, Cordage Inner bark fiber used to make cords and ropes. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76 |
| Urtica dioica L. Stinging Nettle USDA URDID |
Hesquiat Fiber, Cordage Dried, peeled stems used to make twine, ropes and herring nets. Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 76 |
| Urtica dioica L. Stinging Nettle USDA URDID |
Lakota Fiber, Cordage Stem fibers used to make cordage. Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 61 |
| Urtica dioica L. Stinging Nettle USDA URDID |
Makah Fiber, Cordage Fibers used to make string. Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 246 |
| Urtica dioica L. Stinging Nettle USDA URDID |
Nitinaht Fiber, Cordage Fibers, yellow cedar bark or cottonwood fibers and dog hair used to make stronger ropes. Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 246 |
| Urtica dioica L. Stinging Nettle USDA URDID |
Nitinaht Fiber, Cordage Stems dried, pounded and spun to make twine for binding and sewing purposes. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 128 |
| Urtica dioica L. Stinging Nettle USDA URDID |
Thompson Fiber, Cordage Plant tops used to make twine and fine thread. The plant tops were made into twine in the same manner as Indian hemp. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 289 |
| Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland. California Nettle USDA URDIG |
Bella Coola Fiber, Cordage Stem fibers sun dried and used to make twine. Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 211 |
| Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland. California Nettle USDA URDIG |
Dakota Fiber, Cordage Dried stalk fiber used to make twine and cordage. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 77 |
| Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland. California Nettle USDA URDIG |
Eskimo, Inuktitut Fiber, Cordage Dried stem fibers used for twine. Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 186 |
| Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland. California Nettle USDA URDIG |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Fiber, Cordage Fiber used to make cordage, bindings and nets. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 294 |
| Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland. California Nettle USDA URDIG |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Other, Fasteners Fiber used to make cordage, bindings and nets. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 294 |
| Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland. California Nettle USDA URDIG |
Hoh Fiber, Cordage Roots formerly twisted and made into ropes. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 61 |
| Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland. California Nettle USDA URDIG |
Kwakiutl, Southern Fiber, Cordage Plants split, dried, pounded and used to make twine and rope. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 292 |
| Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland. California Nettle USDA URDIG |
Montana Indian Fiber, Cordage Bark used for cordage. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 25 |
| Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland. California Nettle USDA URDIG |
Omaha Fiber, Cordage Dried stalk fiber used to make twine and cordage. The fiber was separated from the nettle by either crumpling the dried stalks in the hands or gently pounding it with stones. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 77 |
| Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland. California Nettle USDA URDIG |
Oweekeno Fiber, Cordage Fiber used to make bow strings, fishing line for jigging, ropes and oolichan traps. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 119 |
| Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland. California Nettle USDA URDIG |
Pawnee Fiber, Cordage Dried stalk fiber used to make twine and cordage. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 77 |
| Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland. California Nettle USDA URDIG |
Ponca Fiber, Cordage Dried stalk fiber used to make twine and cordage. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 77 |
| Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland. California Nettle USDA URDIG |
Potawatomi Fiber, Cordage Outer rind twisted into a two-strand cord and used for sewing cattail mats and baskets. Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 115 |
| Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland. California Nettle USDA URDIG |
Quileute Fiber, Cordage Roots formerly twisted and made into ropes. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 61 |
| Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland. California Nettle USDA URDIG |
Skagit, Upper Fiber, Cordage Mature shoot fibers used to make cordage. Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 42 |
| Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland. California Nettle USDA URDIG |
Winnebago Fiber, Cordage Dried stalk fiber used to make twine and cordage. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 77 |
| Urtica dioica ssp. holosericea (Nutt.) Thorne Stinging Nettle USDA URDIH |
Cahuilla Fiber, Cordage Fibers used to make bowstrings and cordage. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 143 |
| Urtica dioica ssp. holosericea (Nutt.) Thorne Stinging Nettle USDA URDIH |
Kawaiisu Fiber, Cordage Outer stem layers separated into long strands and two or three twisted into a cord. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 68 |
| Urtica dioica ssp. holosericea (Nutt.) Thorne Stinging Nettle USDA URDIH |
Klamath Fiber, Cordage Stems used in the manufacture of cords and nets. Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 95 |
| Vicia americana Muhl. ex Willd. American Vetch USDA VIAMA3 |
Yuki Fiber, Cordage Stout roots used for tying. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 362 |
| Vitis aestivalis var. aestivalis Summer Grape USDA VIAEA2 |
Seminole Fiber, Cordage Plant used for coffin lashing. Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 475 |
| Vitis californica Benth. California Wild Grape USDA VICA5 |
Karok Fiber, Cordage Vines used to moor a boat and smaller vines twisted to make ropes. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 386 |