| Acer saccharum Marsh. Sugar Maple USDA ACSAS |
Potawatomi Food, Sweetener Maple sugar used, instead of salt, to season all cooking. The sugar maple and the black sugar maple are found all over Wisconsin and were considered to be the most valuable trees in the forest because they furnished them their seasoning material. While they do use salt today, it is an acquired ingredient and most of the old people would prefer to have sugar for their seasoning. Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 92 |
| Acer spicatum Lam. Mountain Maple USDA ACSP2 |
Iroquois Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Plant used for intestinal diseases. Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De L'ile Aux Coudres, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:75-111, page 94 |
| Acer spicatum Lam. Mountain Maple USDA ACSP2 |
Menominee Other, Designs Leaves used as design for bead work and applique work. Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 73 |
| Acer spicatum Lam. Mountain Maple USDA ACSP2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Eye Medicine Infusion of pith used as a wash for sore eyes and pith used to remove foreign matter. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 353 |
| Acer spicatum Lam. Mountain Maple USDA ACSP2 |
Ojibwa Other, Designs Three-lobed leaf was a great favorite with Ojibwe women for design work for beading. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 413 |
| Acer spicatum Lam. Mountain Maple USDA ACSP2 |
Ojibwa Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Wood used to make arrows. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 234 |
| Acer spicatum Lam. Mountain Maple USDA ACSP2 |
Ojibwa Other, Toys & Games Root used to make the bowl for the dice bowl game. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 234 |
| Acer spicatum Lam. Mountain Maple USDA ACSP2 |
Potawatomi Drug, Cough Medicine Compound containing inner bark used as cough syrup. Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 37 |
| Acer spicatum Lam. Mountain Maple USDA ACSP2 |
Potawatomi Other, Designs Leaves used as a pattern for bead and applique work. In making up a design for art work or bead work, a woman would burn deer antlers until they turned to charcoal and use this to rub on the backs of leaves. This surface was placed down upon a piece of white birchbark and rubbed until the shape and venation of the leaves were transferred to the birchbark. Then arranging with other leaves, a design would be formed which would be the pattern for the bead work. Oftentimes, this would be placed directly under the loom so that the form and outline of the finished bead work would be a true representation of the natural object. Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 110 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Bella Coola Drug, Burn Dressing Poultice of chewed leaves applied to burns. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 65 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Carrier, Southern Drug, Cold Remedy Decoction of entire plant, except roots, taken for colds. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 65 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Carrier, Southern Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of chewed leaves applied to swellings. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 65 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Carrier, Southern Drug, Orthopedic Aid Poultice of chewed leaves applied to sprains. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 65 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Chippewa Drug, Analgesic Decoction of leaves steamed and inhaled for headache. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 336 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Chippewa Drug, Dermatological Aid Decoction of root applied to skin 'eruptions.' Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 350 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Chippewa Drug, Herbal Steam Decoction of leaves sprinkled on hot stones as herbal steam for headache. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 336 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Chippewa Drug, Stimulant Dried chewed root spit onto limbs as a stimulant. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 364 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Chippewa Drug, Veterinary Aid Decoction of leaves and stalk applied to horses as a stimulant. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 366 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Creek Drug, Toothache Remedy Plant used as toothache medicine. Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, page 663 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Gitksan Drug, Throat Aid Decoction of young plant or root gargled for sore throat. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 65 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Iroquois Drug, Antidiarrheal Infusion of plant and seeds from another plant used for diarrhea. Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 64 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Iroquois Drug, Antiemetic Decoction of leaves, branches and another plant taken for vomiting and nausea. Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 64 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Iroquois Drug, Febrifuge Poultice of plant applied and infusion of plant used for fevers. Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De L'ile Aux Coudres, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:75-111, page 103 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Iroquois Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Decoction of plant fragments taken for digestive cramps. Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 64 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Karok Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of soaked stalks and leaves applied to wounds. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 390 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Klamath Food, Preservative Stem, leaf and flower placed inside fish cavity as a preservative. Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 105 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Kwakiutl Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Leaves used in a steambath for rheumatism. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 278 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Kwakiutl Drug, Cold Remedy Poultice of leaves applied to the chest for colds. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 278 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Kwakiutl Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of chewed leaves applied or compound rubbed on sores and swellings. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 266 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Kwakiutl Drug, Gynecological Aid Poultice of leaves applied to chest for hardened breasts after childbirth. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 278 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Kwakiutl Drug, Herbal Steam Leaves used in a steambath for rheumatism or general sickness. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 278 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Kwakiutl Drug, Panacea Leaves used in a steambath for general sickness. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 278 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Mendocino Indian Drug, Analgesic Infusion of leaves and flowers taken for headaches. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 391 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Mendocino Indian Drug, Dermatological Aid Infusion of leaves and flowers used as a wash for bruises. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 391 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Mendocino Indian Drug, Eye Medicine Infusion of leaves and flowers used as a wash for sore eyes. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 391 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Mendocino Indian Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Infusion of leaves and flowers taken for stomachaches. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 391 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Mendocino Indian Drug, Orthopedic Aid Infusion of leaves and flowers used as a wash for sprains. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 391 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Mendocino Indian Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Infusion of leaves and flowers taken for consumption. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 391 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Menominee Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of leaves used on children's rash and fresh tops used to rub on eczema. Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 28, 29 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Menominee Drug, Febrifuge Infusion of leaves used for fevers. Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 28, 29 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Menominee Drug, Pediatric Aid Poultice of leaves used for 'the rash of children.' Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 28, 29 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Mohegan Drug, Dietary Aid Cold, compound infusion taken as an appetizer. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1928, Mohegan Medicinal Practices, Weather-Lore and Superstitions, SI-BAE Annual Report #43: 264-270, page 266 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Mohegan Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Cold, compound infusion taken for the stomach. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1928, Mohegan Medicinal Practices, Weather-Lore and Superstitions, SI-BAE Annual Report #43: 264-270, page 266 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Mohegan Drug, Kidney Aid Infusion of plant taken for the kidneys. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1928, Mohegan Medicinal Practices, Weather-Lore and Superstitions, SI-BAE Annual Report #43: 264-270, page 269 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Mohegan Drug, Liver Aid Infusion of plant taken for the liver. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1928, Mohegan Medicinal Practices, Weather-Lore and Superstitions, SI-BAE Annual Report #43: 264-270, page 269 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Florets smoked for ceremonial purposes. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 362 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Febrifuge Florets placed on coals and smoke inhaled to break a fever. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 362 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Paiute Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of crushed leaves applied to swellings. Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 196 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Paiute Drug, Eye Medicine Cold infusion of leaves used as a wash for sore eyes. Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 197 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Paiute Drug, Orthopedic Aid Poultice of crushed leaves applied to sprains. Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 196 |