| Quercus engelmannii Greene Engelmann's Oak USDA QUEN |
Luiseno Food, Substitution Food Acorns used only when more preferred species could not be obtained. Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 193 |
| Quercus engelmannii Greene Engelmann's Oak USDA QUEN |
Luiseno Food, Winter Use Food Acorns formerly stored in acorn granaries. Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 194 |
| Quercus falcata Michx. Southern Red Oak USDA QUFA |
Cherokee Drug, Antidiarrheal Bark used for chronic dysentery. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46 |
| Quercus falcata Michx. Southern Red Oak USDA QUFA |
Cherokee Drug, Dermatological Aid Astringent bark chewed for mouth sores. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46 |
| Quercus falcata Michx. Southern Red Oak USDA QUFA |
Cherokee Drug, Dermatological Aid Infusion of bark applied to sore, chapped skin. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46 |
| Quercus falcata Michx. Southern Red Oak USDA QUFA |
Cherokee Drug, Disinfectant Bark used as an antiseptic. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46 |
| Quercus falcata Michx. Southern Red Oak USDA QUFA |
Cherokee Drug, Emetic Bark used as an emetic. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46 |
| Quercus falcata Michx. Southern Red Oak USDA QUFA |
Cherokee Drug, Febrifuge Bark used after long, intermittent fevers and as a wash for chills and fevers. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46 |
| Quercus falcata Michx. Southern Red Oak USDA QUFA |
Cherokee Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Bark used for indigestion and 'any debility of the system.' Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46 |
| Quercus falcata Michx. Southern Red Oak USDA QUFA |
Cherokee Drug, Oral Aid Bark chewed for mouth sores. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46 |
| Quercus falcata Michx. Southern Red Oak USDA QUFA |
Cherokee Drug, Respiratory Aid Infusion of bark taken for asthma. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46 |
| Quercus falcata Michx. Southern Red Oak USDA QUFA |
Cherokee Drug, Throat Aid Decoction of inner bark used for 'lost voice.' Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46 |
| Quercus falcata Michx. Southern Red Oak USDA QUFA |
Cherokee Drug, Tonic Bark used as a tonic. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46 |
| Quercus falcata Michx. Southern Red Oak USDA QUFA |
Cherokee Drug, Urinary Aid Unspecified liquid preparation taken for 'milky urine.' Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46 |
| Quercus falcata Michx. Southern Red Oak USDA QUFA |
Cherokee Fiber, Basketry Used to make baskets. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46 |
| Quercus falcata Michx. Southern Red Oak USDA QUFA |
Cherokee Fiber, Building Material Wood used for lumber, railroad ties, wagon spokes and rims. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46 |
| Quercus falcata Michx. Southern Red Oak USDA QUFA |
Cherokee Fiber, Furniture Used to make woven chair bottoms. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46 |
| Quercus falcata Michx. Southern Red Oak USDA QUFA |
Cherokee Fiber, Furniture Wood used to make furniture. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46 |
| Quercus falcata Michx. Southern Red Oak USDA QUFA |
Cherokee Other, Cooking Tools Leaves used to wrap dough for bread making. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46 |
| Quercus falcata Michx. Southern Red Oak USDA QUFA |
Cherokee Other, Cooking Tools Wood used to make corn beaters and mortars. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46 |
| Quercus falcata Michx. Southern Red Oak USDA QUFA |
Cherokee Other, Fuel Wood used for firewood. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Acoma Food, Staple Acorns ground into meal. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 47 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Acoma Food, Unspecified Acorns boiled and eaten. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 47 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero Food, Fruit Raw fruit used for food. Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 42 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero Food, Winter Use Food Acorns roasted slightly, pounded, mixed with dried meat and stored away in hide containers. Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 42 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Apache, Western Food, Unspecified Acorns eaten whole and raw, ground on a metate or boiled. Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 174 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Apache, White Mountain Food, Unspecified Acorns used for food. Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 160 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Apache, White Mountain Other, Hide Preparation Bark used to tan skins. Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 160 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Cochiti Food, Staple Acorns ground into meal. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 47 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Cochiti Food, Unspecified Acorns boiled and eaten. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 47 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Havasupai Food, Porridge Acorns parched, ground and used to make mush. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 67 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Havasupai Food, Soup Acorns parched, ground and used to make soup. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 67 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Havasupai Food, Spice Acorns ground and added to flavor beef or deer soups. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 215 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Havasupai Food, Spice Acorns ground and added to flavor beef or deer soups. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 74 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Havasupai Food, Unspecified Acorns parched on a tray or eaten raw. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 215 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Havasupai Other, Tools Wood used to make handles for implements, such as hoes and axes. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 215 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Hopi Other, Ceremonial Items Plant used in Oaqol ceremony. Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 355 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Hualapai Food, Soup Acorns used to make soup. Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 12 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Hualapai Food, Unspecified Acorns roasted and used for food. Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 12 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Isleta Drug, Reproductive Aid Acorns eaten to give greater sexual potency. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 47 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Isleta Drug, Reproductive Aid Consumption of acorns believed to give greater sexual potency. Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 41 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Isleta Food, Staple Acorns formerly used as a staple food. Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 41 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Isleta Other, Tools Wood used to make handles and other wooden portions of various implements. Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 41 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Jemez Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Hard, tough wood made into clubs and used in rabbit hunts. Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 27 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Laguna Food, Staple Acorns ground into meal. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 47 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Laguna Food, Unspecified Acorns boiled and eaten. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 47 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Analgesic Decoction of root bark used for postpartum pain. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 22 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Cathartic Decoction of root bark used as a cathartic. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 22 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Leaves used as a ceremonial emetic. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 22 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Emetic Leaves used as a ceremonial emetic. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 22 |