| Quercus chrysolepis Liebm. Canyon Live Oak USDA QUCHC |
Cahuilla Other, Cash Crop Acorn meal used as payment to a shaman for special services. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
| Quercus chrysolepis Liebm. Canyon Live Oak USDA QUCHC |
Cahuilla Other, Fuel Dried wood considered an ideal firewood for heating and cooking. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
| Quercus chrysolepis Liebm. Canyon Live Oak USDA QUCHC |
Cahuilla Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Acorns used as bait in trigger traps to capture small animals. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
| Quercus chrysolepis Liebm. Canyon Live Oak USDA QUCHC |
Cahuilla Other, Jewelry Unhusked acorns dried and strung as necklaces. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
| Quercus chrysolepis Liebm. Canyon Live Oak USDA QUCHC |
Cahuilla Other, Musical Instrument Acorns gathered on a cord and swung against the teeth to produce music. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
| Quercus chrysolepis Liebm. Canyon Live Oak USDA QUCHC |
Cahuilla Other, Toys & Games Acorns used by children in a game like jacks and for juggling. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
| Quercus chrysolepis Liebm. Canyon Live Oak USDA QUCHC |
Diegueno Dye, Black Acorn cups soaked in water containing iron and used as a black dye to color basket materials. Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 33 |
| Quercus chrysolepis Liebm. Canyon Live Oak USDA QUCHC |
Diegueno Food, Porridge Acorns shelled, pounded, leached and cooked into a mush or gruel. Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 33 |
| Quercus chrysolepis Liebm. Canyon Live Oak USDA QUCHC |
Karok Food, Fruit Fruit buried from one to four years to kill the bugs and worms and used for food. Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 49 |
| Quercus chrysolepis Liebm. Canyon Live Oak USDA QUCHC |
Karok Food, Unspecified Acorns used for food. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 382 |
| Quercus chrysolepis Liebm. Canyon Live Oak USDA QUCHC |
Kawaiisu Fiber, Building Material Logs used in house construction. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
| Quercus chrysolepis Liebm. Canyon Live Oak USDA QUCHC |
Kawaiisu Food, Bread & Cake Acorns made into a fine meal, cooked into a mush and allowed to stand and harden into a 'cake.' Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
| Quercus chrysolepis Liebm. Canyon Live Oak USDA QUCHC |
Kawaiisu Food, Staple Acorns dried, pounded, sifted into a fine meal and leached. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
| Quercus chrysolepis Liebm. Canyon Live Oak USDA QUCHC |
Kawaiisu Food, Winter Use Food Acorns stored for future use. Acorns were stored in several different ways. The granaries, elevated about a foot above the ground to keep out rodents, were made of hardwood poles, usually oak, with sides, top and bottom covered with bark and lined with gray California buckwheat leaves. Stone lined pits were covered with brush, acorns were piled on a large flat stone and covered with bark. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
| Quercus chrysolepis Liebm. Canyon Live Oak USDA QUCHC |
Kawaiisu Other, Fasteners Acorn meal used to mend cracks in clay pots. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
| Quercus chrysolepis Liebm. Canyon Live Oak USDA QUCHC |
Kawaiisu Other, Toys & Games Acorn cupule used to make a top for children. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
| Quercus chrysolepis Liebm. Canyon Live Oak USDA QUCHC |
Luiseno Food, Porridge Acorns leached, ground into a meal, cooked in an earthen vessel and eaten. Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 194 |
| Quercus chrysolepis Liebm. Canyon Live Oak USDA QUCHC |
Luiseno Food, Staple Acorns from storage granaries pounded in a mortar and pestle to make a flour. Several methods were used to remove the bitterness from the acorn meal. The meal was either leached with hot water, placed in a rush basket and warm water poured over it or placed in a sand hole and warm water poured over it to soak away the bitterness. Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 194 |
| Quercus chrysolepis Liebm. Canyon Live Oak USDA QUCHC |
Luiseno Food, Substitution Food Acorns used as a substitution during a scarcity of common live oak or black oak. Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 193 |
| Quercus chrysolepis Liebm. Canyon Live Oak USDA QUCHC |
Luiseno Food, Winter Use Food Acorns formerly stored in acorn granaries. Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 194 |
| Quercus chrysolepis Liebm. Canyon Live Oak USDA QUCHC |
Mendocino Indian Drug, Poison Nuts considered poisonous. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 342 |
| Quercus chrysolepis Liebm. Canyon Live Oak USDA QUCHC |
Pomo Food, Bread & Cake Acorns used to make bread. Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 290 |
| Quercus chrysolepis Liebm. Canyon Live Oak USDA QUCHC |
Pomo Food, Porridge Acorns used to make mush. Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 290 |
| Quercus chrysolepis Liebm. Canyon Live Oak USDA QUCHC |
Shasta Food, Bread & Cake Acorns pounded, winnowed, leached and made into bread. Holt, Catharine, 1946, Shasta Ethnography, Anthropological Records 3(4):308, page 308 |
| Quercus chrysolepis Liebm. Canyon Live Oak USDA QUCHC |
Shasta Food, Porridge Acorns pounded, winnowed, leached and made into mush. Holt, Catharine, 1946, Shasta Ethnography, Anthropological Records 3(4):308, page 308 |
| Quercus chrysolepis Liebm. Canyon Live Oak USDA QUCHC |
Shasta Food, Soup Acorns pounded, winnowed, leached and made into thin soup. Holt, Catharine, 1946, Shasta Ethnography, Anthropological Records 3(4):308, page 308 |
| Quercus chrysolepis Liebm. Canyon Live Oak USDA QUCHC |
Shasta Food, Staple Acorns used as the basic staple. Holt, Catharine, 1946, Shasta Ethnography, Anthropological Records 3(4):308, page 308 |
| Quercus chrysolepis Liebm. Canyon Live Oak USDA QUCHC |
Tubatulabal Food, Unspecified Acorns used extensively for food. Voegelin, Ermine W., 1938, Tubatulabal Ethnography, Anthropological Records 2(1):1-84, page 15 |
| Quercus chrysolepis Liebm. Canyon Live Oak USDA QUCHC |
Wintoon Food, Dried Food Acorns dried and preserved for future use. Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 265 |
| Quercus chrysolepis Liebm. Canyon Live Oak USDA QUCHC |
Wintoon Food, Unspecified Acorns leached all winter in cold, wet, swampy ground, boiled or roasted and eaten in the spring. Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 265 |
| Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn. Blue Oak USDA QUDO |
Kawaiisu Drug, Burn Dressing Poultice of ground galls and salt applied to burns. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
| Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn. Blue Oak USDA QUDO |
Kawaiisu Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of ground galls and salt applied to sores and cuts. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
| Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn. Blue Oak USDA QUDO |
Kawaiisu Drug, Eye Medicine Ground gall powder & salt wrapped in a small piece of cloth & dipped in water applied to sore eyes. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
| Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn. Blue Oak USDA QUDO |
Kawaiisu Fiber, Basketry Branches used to make rims for twined work baskets. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
| Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn. Blue Oak USDA QUDO |
Kawaiisu Fiber, Building Material Logs used in house construction. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
| Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn. Blue Oak USDA QUDO |
Kawaiisu Food, Bread & Cake Acorns made into a fine meal, cooked into a mush and allowed to stand and harden into a 'cake.' Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
| Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn. Blue Oak USDA QUDO |
Kawaiisu Food, Staple Acorns dried, pounded, sifted into a fine meal and leached. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
| Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn. Blue Oak USDA QUDO |
Kawaiisu Food, Winter Use Food Acorns stored for future use. Acorns were stored in several different ways. The granaries, elevated about a foot above the ground to keep out rodents, were made of hardwood poles, usually oak, with sides, top and bottom covered with bark and lined with gray California buckwheat leaves. Stone lined pits were covered with brush, acorns were piled on a large flat stone and covered with bark. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
| Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn. Blue Oak USDA QUDO |
Kawaiisu Other, Cooking Tools Wood used to carve a ladle about a foot long. A branch with a bulge was sought and the bulge was hollowed out by burning to form the bowl. Such a utensil was used for stirring and dipping out foods. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
| Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn. Blue Oak USDA QUDO |
Kawaiisu Other, Fasteners Acorn meal used to mend cracks in clay pots. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
| Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn. Blue Oak USDA QUDO |
Kawaiisu Other, Fuel Spongy pith material used for starting fires. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
| Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn. Blue Oak USDA QUDO |
Kawaiisu Other, Fuel Wood preferred as firewood for roasting yucca bulbs. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
| Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn. Blue Oak USDA QUDO |
Kawaiisu Other, Toys & Games Acorn cupule used to make a top for children. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
| Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn. Blue Oak USDA QUDO |
Mendocino Indian Food, Bread & Cake Thick acorns used to make bread. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 342 |
| Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn. Blue Oak USDA QUDO |
Mendocino Indian Food, Soup Thick acorns used to make soup. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 342 |
| Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn. Blue Oak USDA QUDO |
Midoo Drug, Throat Aid Leaves chewed for sore throats. Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 310 |
| Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn. Blue Oak USDA QUDO |
Miwok Food, Bread & Cake Acorns ground into a meal and used to make bread and biscuits. Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 142 |
| Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn. Blue Oak USDA QUDO |
Miwok Food, Porridge Acorns considered a staple food and used to make mush. Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 142 |
| Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn. Blue Oak USDA QUDO |
Miwok Food, Soup Acorns ground into a meal and used to make soup. Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 142 |
| Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn. Blue Oak USDA QUDO |
Miwok Food, Winter Use Food Whole acorns stored for winter use. Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 142 |