| Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn. Blue Oak USDA QUDO |
Miwok Other, Cash Crop Acorns gathered in large quantities and traded for other foods. Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 142 |
| Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn. Blue Oak USDA QUDO |
Tubatulabal Food, Unspecified Acorns used extensively for food. Voegelin, Ermine W., 1938, Tubatulabal Ethnography, Anthropological Records 2(1):1-84, page 14 |
| Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn. Blue Oak USDA QUDO |
Yana Food, Bread & Cake Acorn flour used to make bread. Sapir, Edward and Leslie Spier, 1943, Notes on the Culture of the Yana, Anthropological Records 3(3):252-253, page 249 |
| Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn. Blue Oak USDA QUDO |
Yana Food, Dried Food Acorns dried for winter use. Sapir, Edward and Leslie Spier, 1943, Notes on the Culture of the Yana, Anthropological Records 3(3):252-253, page 249 |
| Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn. Blue Oak USDA QUDO |
Yana Food, Porridge Acorn flour used to make mush. Sapir, Edward and Leslie Spier, 1943, Notes on the Culture of the Yana, Anthropological Records 3(3):252-253, page 249 |
| Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn. Blue Oak USDA QUDO |
Yana Food, Staple Dried acorns ground into flour. Sapir, Edward and Leslie Spier, 1943, Notes on the Culture of the Yana, Anthropological Records 3(3):252-253, page 249 |
| Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn. Blue Oak USDA QUDO |
Yokut Food, Unspecified Acorns used for food. Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 420 |
| Quercus dumosa Nutt. California Scrub Oak USDA QUDUD |
Cahuilla Food, Bread & Cake Acorns ground into a fine meal and used to make bread. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
| Quercus dumosa Nutt. California Scrub Oak USDA QUDUD |
Cahuilla Food, Dried Food Dried acorns stored for a year or more in granaries. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
| Quercus dumosa Nutt. California Scrub Oak USDA QUDUD |
Cahuilla Food, Porridge Cooked acorns used to make mush. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
| Quercus dumosa Nutt. California Scrub Oak USDA QUDUD |
Cahuilla Food, Special Food Acorn meat considered a delicacy and favored at social and ceremonial occasions. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
| Quercus dumosa Nutt. California Scrub Oak USDA QUDUD |
Cahuilla Other, Cash Crop Acorn meal exchanged for pinyon nuts, mesquite beans and palm tree fruit. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
| Quercus dumosa Nutt. California Scrub Oak USDA QUDUD |
Cahuilla Other, Cash Crop Acorn meal used as payment to a shaman for special services. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
| Quercus dumosa Nutt. California Scrub Oak USDA QUDUD |
Cahuilla Other, Fuel Dried wood considered an ideal firewood for heating and cooking. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
| Quercus dumosa Nutt. California Scrub Oak USDA QUDUD |
Cahuilla Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Acorns used as bait in trigger traps to capture small animals. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
| Quercus dumosa Nutt. California Scrub Oak USDA QUDUD |
Cahuilla Other, Jewelry Unhusked acorns dried and strung as necklaces. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
| Quercus dumosa Nutt. California Scrub Oak USDA QUDUD |
Cahuilla Other, Musical Instrument Acorns gathered on a cord and swung against the teeth to produce music. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
| Quercus dumosa Nutt. California Scrub Oak USDA QUDUD |
Cahuilla Other, Toys & Games Acorns used by children in a game like jacks and for juggling. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
| Quercus dumosa Nutt. California Scrub Oak USDA QUDUD |
Diegueno Drug, Eye Medicine Decoction of broken galls used as an eyewash. Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 33 |
| Quercus dumosa Nutt. California Scrub Oak USDA QUDUD |
Diegueno Fiber, Basketry Branches, with willow branches, used to make acorn storage baskets. Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 33 |
| Quercus dumosa Nutt. California Scrub Oak USDA QUDUD |
Diegueno Fiber, Furniture Branches used as framework material for cradles. Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 33 |
| Quercus dumosa Nutt. California Scrub Oak USDA QUDUD |
Diegueno Food, Porridge Acorns shelled, pounded, leached and cooked into a mush or gruel. Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 33 |
| Quercus dumosa Nutt. California Scrub Oak USDA QUDUD |
Kawaiisu Fiber, Building Material Logs used in house construction. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
| Quercus dumosa Nutt. California Scrub Oak USDA QUDUD |
Kawaiisu Food, Bread & Cake Acorns made into a fine meal, cooked into a mush and allowed to stand and harden into a 'cake.' Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
| Quercus dumosa Nutt. California Scrub Oak USDA QUDUD |
Kawaiisu Food, Staple Acorns dried, pounded, sifted into a fine meal and leached. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
| Quercus dumosa Nutt. California Scrub Oak USDA QUDUD |
Kawaiisu Food, Winter Use Food Acorns stored for future use. Acorns were stored in several different ways. The granaries, elevated about a foot above the ground to keep out rodents, were made of hardwood poles, usually oak, with sides, top and bottom covered with bark and lined with gray California buckwheat leaves. Stone lined pits were covered with brush, acorns were piled on a large flat stone and covered with bark. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
| Quercus dumosa Nutt. California Scrub Oak USDA QUDUD |
Kawaiisu Other, Fasteners Acorn meal used to mend cracks in clay pots. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
| Quercus dumosa Nutt. California Scrub Oak USDA QUDUD |
Kawaiisu Other, Toys & Games Acorn cupule used to make a top for children. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
| Quercus dumosa Nutt. California Scrub Oak USDA QUDUD |
Luiseno Drug, Dermatological Aid Gall nuts used for sores and wounds and as an astringent. Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 233 |
| Quercus dumosa Nutt. California Scrub Oak USDA QUDUD |
Luiseno Food, Porridge Acorns leached, ground into a meal, cooked in an earthen vessel and eaten. Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 194 |
| Quercus dumosa Nutt. California Scrub Oak USDA QUDUD |
Luiseno Food, Staple Stored acorns pounded in a mortar and pestle to make a flour. Several methods were used to remove the bitterness from the acorn meal. The meal was either leached with hot water, placed in a rush basket and warm water poured over it or placed in a sand hole and warm water poured over it to soak away the bitterness. Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 194 |
| Quercus dumosa Nutt. California Scrub Oak USDA QUDUD |
Luiseno Food, Substitution Food Acorns used only when more preferred species could not be obtained. Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 193 |
| Quercus dumosa Nutt. California Scrub Oak USDA QUDUD |
Luiseno Food, Winter Use Food Acorns formerly stored in acorn granaries. Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 194 |
| Quercus dumosa Nutt. California Scrub Oak USDA QUDUD |
Pomo, Kashaya Food, Forage Acorns not used by people but eaten as a favorite food by deer, squirrels, chipmunks, quail & jays. Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 82 |
| Quercus dumosa Nutt. California Scrub Oak USDA QUDUD |
Tubatulabal Food, Unspecified Acorns used extensively for food. Voegelin, Ermine W., 1938, Tubatulabal Ethnography, Anthropological Records 2(1):1-84, page 15 |
| Quercus dunnii Kellogg Palmer Oak USDA QUDU3 |
Diegueno Food, Fruit Fruit formerly used for food. Hinton, Leanne, 1975, Notes on La Huerta Diegueno Ethnobotany, Journal of California Anthropology 2:214-222, page 216 |
| Quercus dunnii Kellogg Palmer Oak USDA QUDU3 |
Paiute Food, Porridge Acorns boiled into mush. Steward, Julian H., 1933, Ethnography of the Owens Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 33(3):233-250, page 246 |
| Quercus dunnii Kellogg Palmer Oak USDA QUDU3 |
Paiute Food, Winter Use Food Acorns stored for future use in pits lined and covered with sage bark. Steward, Julian H., 1933, Ethnography of the Owens Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 33(3):233-250, page 246 |
| Quercus ellipsoidalis E.J. Hill Northern Pin Oak USDA QUEL |
Menominee Drug, Abortifacient Compound decoction of inner bark taken for suppressed menses caused by cold. Densmore, Francis, 1932, Menominee Music, SI-BAE Bulletin #102, page 133 |
| Quercus ellipsoidalis E.J. Hill Northern Pin Oak USDA QUEL |
Menominee Food, Beverage Roasted acorn ground for coffee. Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 66 |
| Quercus emoryi Torr. Emory's Oak USDA QUEM |
Apache, Western Food, Unspecified Acorns eaten whole and raw, ground on a metate or boiled. Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 174 |
| Quercus emoryi Torr. Emory's Oak USDA QUEM |
Papago Food, Candy Acorns chewed as a confection. Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 47 |
| Quercus emoryi Torr. Emory's Oak USDA QUEM |
Papago Food, Unspecified Acorns eaten fresh from the shell. Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 19 |
| Quercus emoryi Torr. Emory's Oak USDA QUEM |
Papago Food, Unspecified Acorns used for food. Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. First Edition., page 61 |
| Quercus emoryi Torr. Emory's Oak USDA QUEM |
Yavapai Food, Cooking Agent Ground meat used as thickening for venison stew. Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 257 |
| Quercus emoryi Torr. Emory's Oak USDA QUEM |
Yavapai Food, Winter Use Food Nuts stored for later use. Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 257 |
| Quercus engelmannii Greene Engelmann's Oak USDA QUEN |
Diegueno Food, Candy Bark gum pounded, washed and chewed like chewing gum. Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 33 |
| Quercus engelmannii Greene Engelmann's Oak USDA QUEN |
Diegueno Food, Porridge Acorns shelled, pounded, leached and cooked into a mush or gruel. Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 33 |
| Quercus engelmannii Greene Engelmann's Oak USDA QUEN |
Luiseno Food, Porridge Acorns leached, ground into a meal, cooked in an earthen vessel and eaten. Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 194 |
| Quercus engelmannii Greene Engelmann's Oak USDA QUEN |
Luiseno Food, Staple Stored acorns pounded in a mortar and pestle to make a flour. Several methods were used to remove the bitterness from the acorn meal. The meal was either leached with hot water, placed in a rush basket and warm water poured over it or placed in a sand hole and warm water poured over it to soak away the bitterness. Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 194 |