| Cirsium sp. |
Chippewa Drug, Gynecological Aid Compound infusion of root taken to produce postpartum milk flow. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 360 |
| Cirsium sp. |
Costanoan Drug, Analgesic Raw stalks chewed for stomach pain. Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 26 |
| Cirsium sp. |
Costanoan Drug, Dermatological Aid Pounded stalk pulp used for face sores. Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 26 |
| Cirsium sp. |
Costanoan Drug, Disinfectant Pounded stalk pulp used to dry infections. Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 26 |
| Cirsium sp. |
Costanoan Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Raw stalks chewed for stomach pain. Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 26 |
| Cirsium sp. |
Costanoan Drug, Respiratory Aid Decoction of roots taken for asthma. Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 26 |
| Cirsium sp. |
Costanoan Food, Unspecified Raw or boiled stems used for food. Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 254 |
| Cirsium sp. |
Havasupai Food, Starvation Food Leaves held in flames to burn the spines off and eaten by hunting parties when food was scarce. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 247 |
| Cirsium sp. |
Kwakiutl Drug, Oral Aid Dried outer root held in the mouth for cankers and gum sores. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 278 |
| Cirsium sp. |
Lummi Drug, Gynecological Aid Decoction of roots and tips taken by women at childbirth. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 49 |
| Cirsium tioganum var. tioganum Tioga Thistle USDA CISC2 |
Paiute Food, Unspecified Roots eaten raw or roasted. Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 103 |
| Cirsium undulatum (Nutt.) Spreng. Wavyleaf Thistle USDA CIUNU |
Comanche Drug, Venereal Aid Decoction of root used for gonorrhea. Carlson, Gustav G. and Volney H. Jones, 1940, Some Notes on Uses of Plants by the Comanche Indians, Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 25:517-542, page 521 |
| Cirsium undulatum (Nutt.) Spreng. Wavyleaf Thistle USDA CIUNU |
Comanche Food, Unspecified Raw roots used for food. Carlson, Gustav G. and Volney H. Jones, 1940, Some Notes on Uses of Plants by the Comanche Indians, Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 25:517-542, page 521 |
| Cirsium undulatum (Nutt.) Spreng. Wavyleaf Thistle USDA CIUNU |
Gosiute Food, Unspecified Stems used for food. Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 366 |
| Cirsium undulatum (Nutt.) Spreng. Wavyleaf Thistle USDA CIUNU |
Montana Indian Food, Vegetable Early spring roots eaten raw or cooked with meat. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 10 |
| Cirsium undulatum (Nutt.) Spreng. Wavyleaf Thistle USDA CIUNU |
Montana Indian Food, Vegetable Young, summer stalks eaten like asparagus and greens. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 10 |
| Cirsium undulatum (Nutt.) Spreng. Wavyleaf Thistle USDA CIUNU |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Eye Medicine Cold infusion of root used as a wash for eye diseases. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 50 |
| Cirsium undulatum (Nutt.) Spreng. Wavyleaf Thistle USDA CIUNU |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Panacea Cold infusion of plant taken when one 'feels bad all over.' Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 50 |
| Cirsium undulatum (Nutt.) Spreng. Wavyleaf Thistle USDA CIUNU |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Panacea Root used as a 'life medicine.' Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 50 |
| Cirsium undulatum (Nutt.) Spreng. Wavyleaf Thistle USDA CIUNU |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Veterinary Aid Cold infusion of root used as a wash for livestock with eye diseases. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 50 |
| Cirsium undulatum (Nutt.) Spreng. Wavyleaf Thistle USDA CIUNU |
Okanagon Food, Staple Roots used as a principle food. Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 238 |
| Cirsium undulatum (Nutt.) Spreng. Wavyleaf Thistle USDA CIUNU |
Shuswap Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Root used for the stomach and body. Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 59 |
| Cirsium undulatum (Nutt.) Spreng. Wavyleaf Thistle USDA CIUNU |
Shuswap Food, Unspecified Young roots roasted and eaten. Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 59 |
| Cirsium undulatum (Nutt.) Spreng. Wavyleaf Thistle USDA CIUNU |
Thompson Food, Dried Food Dried roots rehydrated, scraped, chopped and cooked in stews. The roots were pit cooked after which they usually turned dark brown. One or two bags of dried roots were stored each year by a family and were said to be 'full of vitamins.' One informant said that the roots caused 'gas' if too many were eaten. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 178 |
| Cirsium undulatum (Nutt.) Spreng. Wavyleaf Thistle USDA CIUNU |
Thompson Food, Dried Food Roots dried and stored for future use. The roots were pit cooked after which they usually turned dark brown. One or two bags of dried roots were stored each year by a family and were said to be 'full of vitamins.' One informant said that the roots caused 'gas' if too many were eaten. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 178 |
| Cirsium undulatum (Nutt.) Spreng. Wavyleaf Thistle USDA CIUNU |
Thompson Food, Unspecified Fresh roots eaten cooked. The roots were pit cooked after which they usually turned dark brown. One or two bags of dried roots were stored each year by a family and were said to be 'full of vitamins.' One informant said that the roots caused 'gas' if too many were eaten. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 178 |
| Cirsium undulatum (Nutt.) Spreng. Wavyleaf Thistle USDA CIUNU |
Thompson Food, Unspecified Root cooked and eaten. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 480 |
| Cirsium undulatum var. undulatum Wavyleaf Thistle USDA CIUNU |
Spokan Food, Unspecified Roots used for food. Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 343 |
| Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. Bull Thistle USDA CIVU |
Cherokee Drug, Analgesic Infusion of leaves taken for neuralgia. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 58 |
| Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. Bull Thistle USDA CIVU |
Cherokee Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Warm infusion of roots taken to help person who overeats. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 58 |
| Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. Bull Thistle USDA CIVU |
Cherokee Drug, Poultice Roots used as poultice and decoction of bruised plant used to poultice sore jaw. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 58 |
| Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. Bull Thistle USDA CIVU |
Cherokee Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Down used as the tail for blow darts. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 58 |
| Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. Bull Thistle USDA CIVU |
Delaware Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Hot infusion of roots or twigs used as a steam treatment for muscular swellings and stiff joints. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 36 |
| Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. Bull Thistle USDA CIVU |
Delaware, Oklahoma Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Infusion of whole plant used as herbal steam for rheumatism. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 30, 74 |
| Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. Bull Thistle USDA CIVU |
Delaware, Oklahoma Drug, Herbal Steam Infusion of roots or twigs used as herbal steam for rheumatism. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 30 |
| Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. Bull Thistle USDA CIVU |
Hesquiat Food, Unspecified Flower heads chewed to get the nectar. Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 61 |
| Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. Bull Thistle USDA CIVU |
Iroquois Drug, Cancer Treatment Plant used for cancer. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 475 |
| Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. Bull Thistle USDA CIVU |
Iroquois Drug, Hemorrhoid Remedy Decoction of whole plant taken and poultice of plant and wool applied to hemorrhoids. Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 63 |
| Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. Bull Thistle USDA CIVU |
Iroquois Drug, Hemorrhoid Remedy Plant used for bleeding piles. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 475 |
| Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. Bull Thistle USDA CIVU |
Iroquois Drug, Hemostat Plant used for bleeding piles. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 475 |
| Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. Bull Thistle USDA CIVU |
Meskwaki Drug, Adjuvant Root used as a seasoner for medicines. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 213 |
| Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. Bull Thistle USDA CIVU |
Navajo Drug, Emetic Decoction of plant taken to induce vomiting. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 84 |
| Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. Bull Thistle USDA CIVU |
Ojibwa Drug, Analgesic Root used by men and women for stomach cramps. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 364 |
| Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. Bull Thistle USDA CIVU |
Ojibwa Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Root used by men and women for stomach cramps. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 364 |
| Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. Bull Thistle USDA CIVU |
Potawatomi Drug, Adjuvant Fresh flower centers chewed to mask unpleasant flavors in medicines. Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 51 |
| Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. Bull Thistle USDA CIVU |
Thompson Food, Dried Food Dried roots rehydrated, scraped, chopped and cooked in stews. The roots were pit cooked after which they usually turned dark brown. One or two bags of dried roots were stored each year by a family and were said to be 'full of vitamins.' One informant said that the roots caused 'gas' if too many were eaten. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 178 |
| Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. Bull Thistle USDA CIVU |
Thompson Food, Dried Food Roots dried and stored for future use. The roots were pit cooked after which they usually turned dark brown. One or two bags of dried roots were stored each year by a family and were said to be 'full of vitamins.' One informant said that the roots caused 'gas' if too many were eaten. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 178 |
| Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. Bull Thistle USDA CIVU |
Thompson Food, Unspecified Fresh roots eaten cooked. The roots were pit cooked after which they usually turned dark brown. One or two bags of dried roots were stored each year by a family and were said to be 'full of vitamins.' One informant said that the roots caused 'gas' if too many were eaten. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 178 |