| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Quileute Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Roots used to tie the tines of salmon spears. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Quileute Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Saplings used for the spring poles of snares for deer, elk and other game animals. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Quileute Other, Toys & Games Timber used to make toys. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 59 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Quinault Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of gum applied to cuts and wounds. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Quinault Drug, Throat Aid Infusion of inner bark taken for throat problems. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Quinault Fiber, Caulking Material Pitch used for caulking canoes. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Quinault Food, Candy Pitch chewed as gum for pleasure. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Quinault Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Roots used to tie the tines of salmon spears. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Sikani Drug, Cough Medicine Inner bark chewed for a cough. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51, 52 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Thompson Drug, Antidiarrheal Decoction of burned cone ashes taken for dysentery. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 100 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Thompson Drug, Eye Medicine Needles used to restore eyesight. A blind person, or one with poor eyesight, rubbed his hands with the needles and then rubbed his eyes with his hands to restore his eyesight. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 100 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Thompson Drug, Panacea Decoction of boughs used for any kind of illness. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 100 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Thompson Drug, Unspecified Decoction of inner bark taken as a medicine. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 100 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Thompson Drug, Unspecified Evergreen tops considered good medicine. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 100 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Thompson Drug, Unspecified Infusion of bark taken as a medicine. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 100 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Thompson Other, Protection Branches rubbed on skin to protect one against evil or 'witchcraft.' The protective powers were attributed to the prickly needles. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 100 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Tlingit Drug, Toothache Remedy Compound containing warmed seeds used for toothache. Krause, Aurel, 1956, The Tlingit Indians. Translated by Erna Gunther, Seattle. University of Washington Press, page 284 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Tlingit Drug, Venereal Aid Compound poultice of sap applied for syphilis. Krause, Aurel, 1956, The Tlingit Indians. Translated by Erna Gunther, Seattle. University of Washington Press, page 284 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Tsimshian Drug, Hunting Medicine Boughs used by shamans, hunters and fishers during preparatory and purification rituals. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 317 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Tsimshian Other, Ceremonial Items Boughs used by shamans, hunters and fishers during preparatory and purification rituals. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 317 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Yurok Fiber, Basketry Roots used to make the horizontal weave in coarse baskets used for drying foods in the smoke house. Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 43 |
| Picea sp. Spruce |
Carrier Drug, Cold Remedy Inner bark chewed for colds. Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 69 |
| Picea sp. Spruce |
Carrier Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Inner bark chewed for tuberculosis. Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 69 |
| Picea sp. Spruce |
Carrier Fiber, Mats, Rugs & Bedding Needles used to make tent floor coverings. Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 69 |
| Picea sp. Spruce |
Cree Drug, Throat Aid Cones chewed for sore throats. Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 18 |
| Picea sp. Spruce |
Cree Drug, Venereal Aid Gum used as a salve for syphilitic sores. Beardsley, Gretchen, 1941, Notes on Cree Medicines, Based on Collections Made by I. Cowie in 1892., Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 28:483-496, page 495 |
| Picea sp. Spruce |
Eskimo, Alaska Fiber, Building Material Wood used to support buildings and to build the framework for sod-covered buildings. Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 34 |
| Picea sp. Spruce |
Eskimo, Alaska Fiber, Canoe Material Logs and poles used for making kayak parts, weapon and tool handles and other utilitarian objects. Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 34 |
| Picea sp. Spruce |
Eskimo, Alaska Other, Cooking Tools Wood used to build fish drying racks and legs for elevated caches. Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 34 |
| Picea sp. Spruce |
Eskimo, Alaska Other, Fuel Logs considered an important source of fuel for heating the homes and steambaths of the village. Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 34 |
| Picea sp. Spruce |
Eskimo, Alaska Other, Tools Logs and poles used for making kayak parts, tool handles and other utilitarian objects. Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 34 |
| Picea sp. Spruce |
Eskimo, Alaska Other, Weapon Logs and poles used for making and weapon handles. Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 34 |
| Picea sp. Spruce |
Hoh Fiber, Basketry Limbs and roots split, pared, scraped and used to make baskets. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 59 |
| Picea sp. Spruce |
Iroquois Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Compound decoction applied to parts affected by rheumatism. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 268 |
| Picea sp. Spruce |
Iroquois Drug, Antirheumatic (Internal) Compound decoction taken for rheumatism. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 268 |
| Picea sp. Spruce |
Iroquois Drug, Cold Remedy Compound decoction or infusion of plants taken for colds. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 268 |
| Picea sp. Spruce |
Iroquois Drug, Cough Medicine Compound decoction taken for coughs. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 268 |
| Picea sp. Spruce |
Iroquois Drug, Dermatological Aid Gum applied to ingrown nails and cuts and used as a chewing gum. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 268 |
| Picea sp. Spruce |
Iroquois Drug, Emetic Infusion taken for colds and to vomit in the spring. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 268 |
| Picea sp. Spruce |
Iroquois Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Gum used for tuberculosis. Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 36 |
| Picea sp. Spruce |
Iroquois Other, Smoke Plant Dried roots used to make cigars and smoked. Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 36 |
| Picea sp. Spruce |
Navajo Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Plant used for 'Shooting, Witch, Lightning and Night Chant' ceremonies. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 21 |
| Picea sp. Spruce |
Navajo Drug, Stimulant Used to make an arrow and shot over the person to revive them from fainting. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 21 |
| Picea sp. Spruce |
Navajo Other, Ceremonial Items Used to make hoops, dresses, collars, bows and arrows for many different ceremonies. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 21 |
| Picea sp. Spruce |
Navajo Other, Tools Twigs used as beaters to make a high, stiff, lasting lather of yucca roots and water. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 21 |
| Picea sp. Spruce |
Penobscot Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of soft gum or pine pitch applied to boils and abscesses. Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 309 |
| Picea sp. Spruce |
Penobscot Food, Candy Gum extensively chewed as a 'pastime.' Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 309 |
| Picea sp. Spruce |
Quileute Fiber, Basketry Limbs and roots split, pared, scraped and used to make baskets. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 59 |
| Pinus albicaulis Engelm. Whitebark Pine USDA PIAL |
Coeur d'Alene Food, Unspecified Nutlets cooked in hot ashes and used for food. Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 93 |
| Pinus albicaulis Engelm. Whitebark Pine USDA PIAL |
Coeur d'Alene Food, Unspecified Nutlets used for food. Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 90 |