| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Cheyenne Fiber, Building Material Trunks used for tipi poles. Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 6 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Cheyenne Fiber, Building Material Used for tipi poles. Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 46 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Coeur d'Alene Food, Unspecified Cambium layer used for food. Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 91 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Eskimo, Alaska Drug, Cold Remedy Juice taken for colds. Smith, G. Warren, 1973, Arctic Pharmacognosia, Arctic 26:324-333, page 331 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Eskimo, Alaska Drug, Cough Medicine Juice taken for coughs. Smith, G. Warren, 1973, Arctic Pharmacognosia, Arctic 26:324-333, page 331 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Eskimo, Alaska Drug, Unspecified Sap used as a medicine. Smith, G. Warren, 1973, Arctic Pharmacognosia, Arctic 26:324-333, page 331 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Flathead Drug, Burn Dressing Poultice of heated sap and bone marrow used for burns. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 52 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Flathead Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of sap, red axle grease and Climax chewing tobacco used for boils. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 52 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Flathead Food, Candy Pitchy secretions chewed as gum. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 52 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Flathead Food, Unspecified Inner bark used for food. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 52 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Flathead Food, Unspecified Seeds used for food. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 52 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Gitksan Drug, Blood Medicine Inner bark eaten as a blood purifier and used as a cathartic. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 49, 50 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Gitksan Drug, Cathartic Needles or inner bark eaten or decoction of inner bark taken as a purgative. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 49, 50 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Gitksan Drug, Diuretic Needles eaten or decoction of inner bark taken as a purgative and diuretic. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 49, 50 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Gitksan Drug, Tonic Decoction of bark used as a tonic. Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Gitksan Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Decoction of inner bark taken for consumption and gonorrhea. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 49, 50 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Gitksan Drug, Unspecified Bark used for medicines. Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Gitksan Drug, Venereal Aid Decoction of inner bark taken for gonorrhea and other 'serious ailments.' Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 49, 50 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Gitksan Food, Unspecified Sap eaten fresh. Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 151 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Hesquiat Food, Candy Pitch chewed like gum. Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 44 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Hesquiat Other, Fasteners Pitch used on joints of implements, arrows and harpoons, before bound with twine. Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 44 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Hesquiat Other, Preservative Chewed pitch sprayed onto mats to preserve them. Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 44 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Kutenai Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Inner bark eaten for tuberculosis. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 52 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Kutenai Food, Unspecified Inner bark used for food. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 52 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Kwakiutl Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of buds and pitch taken for coughs. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 269 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Kwakiutl Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Decoction of buds and pitch taken for stomachaches. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 269 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Kwakiutl, Southern Other, Cooking Tools Wood used to make fire tongs. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 296 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Kwakiutl, Southern Other, Tools Wood used to make cedar bark peelers, digging sticks and board bending tools. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 296 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Montana Indian Fiber, Building Material Poles used to make the foundations for tipis. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 52 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Nitinaht Other, Ceremonial Items Wood used to make small totem poles and model canoes. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 73 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Cambium layer eaten for stomach troubles such as ulcers. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 28 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Decoction of sap taken for ulcers. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 28 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Throat Aid Pitch sucked and juice swallowed for sore throats. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 28 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Okanagan-Colville Food, Forage Cambium layer eaten by grizzly bears. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 28 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Okanagan-Colville Food, Unspecified Cambium layer used for food. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 28 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Okanagan-Colville Other, Ceremonial Items Wood placed in a basket of water to bring rain and pine cones burned to stop rain. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 28 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Okanagan-Colville Other, Containers Bark used to make temporary, berry picking containers. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 28 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Okanagan-Colville Other, Season Indicator Pollen cone ripening used as an indication that the cambium was ready to harvest. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 28 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Okanagon Drug, Cold Remedy Gum used for colds. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Okanagon Drug, Cough Medicine Gum used for coughs. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Okanagon Drug, Orthopedic Aid Decoction of bark gum and fat rubbed on the body for muscle and joint aches. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Okanagon Drug, Throat Aid Gum used for sore throats. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Okanagon Food, Staple Cambium layer used as a principle food. Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 239 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Okanagon Food, Unspecified Cambium layer and sap used for food. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 38 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Quinault Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of pitch applied to open sores. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Quinault Drug, Throat Aid Buds chewed for sore throats. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Salish, Coast Drug, Dermatological Aid Sap mixed with deer tallow and used for psoriasis and other diseases. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 69 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Salish, Coast Drug, Misc. Disease Remedy Sap mixed with deer tallow and used for psoriasis and other diseases. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 70 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Salish, Coast Food, Bread & Cake Juicy inner bark dried in cakes and used for food. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 70 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Salish, Coast Food, Unspecified Juicy inner bark eaten fresh. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 70 |