| Argythamnia cyanophylla (Woot. & Standl.) Ingram Charleston Mountain Silverbush USDA ARCY |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Panacea Root or whole plant used in summer as 'the head of the life medicine.' Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 35 |
| Artemisia campestris L. Field Sagewort USDA ARCAB4 |
Shuswap Drug, Panacea Decoction of plants taken as a medicine for everything. Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 58 |
| Artemisia carruthii Wood ex Carruth. Carruth's Sagewort USDA ARCA14 |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Panacea Root used as a 'life medicine.' Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 48 |
| Artemisia frigida Willd. Fringed Sagewort USDA ARFR4 |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Panacea Root used as a 'life medicine.' Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 48 |
| Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. Louisiana Sagewort USDA ARLUL2 |
Mewuk Drug, Panacea Small bundles of plant made into necklaces to keep disease away. Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 336 |
| Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. Louisiana Sagewort USDA ARLUL2 |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Panacea Root used as a 'life medicine.' Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 48 |
| Artemisia tridentata Nutt. Big Sagebrush USDA ARTRT |
Gosiute Drug, Panacea Plant used as a panacea. Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 351 |
| Artemisia tridentata Nutt. Big Sagebrush USDA ARTRT |
Thompson Drug, Panacea Dried branch smoke used to fumigate the house, to protect the inhabitants against sickness. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 172 |
| Artemisia vulgaris L. Common Wormwood USDA ARVUV |
Karok Drug, Panacea Poultice of branches applied for any kind of sickness. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 390 |
| Asarum canadense L. Canadian Wildginger USDA ASCA |
Montagnais Drug, Panacea Plant had 'general medicinal properties.' Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 314 |
| Asclepias subulata Dcne. Rush Milkweed USDA ASSU |
Pima Drug, Panacea Plant used for many ailments. Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 81 |
| Astragalus humistratus var. sonorae (Gray) M.E. Jones Groundcover Milkvetch USDA ASHUS |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Panacea Leaves or whole plant used as 'life medicine.' Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 32 |
| Astragalus kentrophyta var. elatus S. Wats. Tall Spiny Milkvetch USDA ASKEE |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Panacea Root used as a 'life medicine.' Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 32 |
| Baccharis pilularis DC. Coyotebrush USDA BAPI |
Costanoan Drug, Panacea Infusion of plant used as a general remedy. Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 26 |
| Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt. Arrowleaf Balsamroot USDA BASA3 |
Cheyenne Drug, Panacea Root chewed and rubbed over the body for any sickness. Grinnell, George Bird, 1905, Some Cheyenne Plant Medicines, American Anthropologist 7:37-43, page 38, 39 |
| Besseya plantaginea (James) Rydb. White River Coraldrops USDA BEPL |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Panacea Root used as a 'life medicine.' Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 43 |
| Blechnum spicant (L.) Sm. Deer Fern USDA BLSP |
Quileute Drug, Panacea Decoction of leaves taken for general ill health. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 15 |
| Bouteloua gracilis (Willd. ex Kunth) Lag. ex Griffiths Blue Grama USDA BOGR2 |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Panacea Cold, compound infusion of root used internally and externally as 'life medicine.' Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 15, 16 |
| Bursera microphylla Gray Elephanttree USDA BUMI |
Cahuilla Drug, Panacea Sap used for almost any disease. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 48 |
| Calliandra humilis Benth. Dwarf Stickpea USDA CAHUH |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Panacea Plant used as 'life medicine.' Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 32 |
| Calochortus aureus S. Wats. Golden Mariposa Lily USDA CAAU8 |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Panacea Bulb used as 'life medicine.' Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 20 |
| Calochortus gunnisonii S. Wats. Gunnison's Mariposa Lily USDA CAGUG |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Panacea Bulb used as 'life medicine.' Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 20 |
| Calylophus hartwegii ssp. fendleri (Gray) Towner & Raven Hartweg's Sundrops USDA CAHAF |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Panacea Plant used as 'life medicine,' especially for internal bleeding. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 38 |
| Cardamine concatenata (Michx.) Sw. Cutleaf Toothwort USDA CACO26 |
Iroquois Drug, Panacea Compound infusion taken or placed on injured part, a 'Little Water Medicine.' Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 339 |
| Carya cordiformis (Wangenh.) K. Koch Bitternut Hickory USDA CACO15 |
Meskwaki Drug, Panacea Infusion of bark taken for 'simple sicknesses.' Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 224 |
| Ceanothus velutinus Dougl. ex Hook. Snowbrush Ceanothus USDA CEVEV4 |
Thompson Drug, Panacea Decoction of branches taken for general illness. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 252 |
| Cercocarpus montanus Raf. True Mountain Mahogany USDA CEMOM4 |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Panacea Root used as a 'life medicine.' Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 30 |
| Chaetopappa ericoides (Torr.) Nesom Rose Heath USDA CHER2 |
Hopi Drug, Panacea Root used as a universal panacea. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 95 |
| Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach Alaska Cedar USDA CHNO |
Kwakiutl Drug, Panacea Infusion of branch tips taken for general illness. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 266 |
| Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium Fireweed USDA CHANA2 |
Iroquois Drug, Panacea Compound infusion of twigs and roots taken as a panacea for pain. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 389 |
| Cheilanthes wootonii Maxon Beaded Lipfern USDA CHWO |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Panacea Plant used as 'life medicine.' Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 11 |
| Chenopodium ambrosioides L. Mexican Tea USDA CHAMA16 |
Creek Drug, Panacea Plant used for 'a great many ailments.' Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, page 657 |
| Cicuta douglasii (DC.) Coult. & Rose Western Water Hemlock USDA CIDO |
Thompson Drug, Panacea Root eaten to protect against disease and give feeling of 'perfect wellness.' Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 476 |
| Cirsium neomexicanum Gray New Mexico Thistle USDA CINE |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Panacea Cold infusion of plant taken when one 'feels bad all over.' Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 50 |
| Cirsium neomexicanum Gray New Mexico Thistle USDA CINE |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Panacea Root used as a 'life medicine.' Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 50 |
| Cirsium rothrockii (Gray) Petrak Rothrock's Thistle USDA CIRO |
Navajo, Kayenta Drug, Panacea Plant used as a life medicine. Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 46 |
| Cirsium undulatum (Nutt.) Spreng. Wavyleaf Thistle USDA CIUNU |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Panacea Cold infusion of plant taken when one 'feels bad all over.' Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 50 |
| Cirsium undulatum (Nutt.) Spreng. Wavyleaf Thistle USDA CIUNU |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Panacea Root used as a 'life medicine.' Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 50 |
| Clematis viorna L. Vasevine USDA CLVI4 |
Meskwaki Drug, Panacea Root used to make a drink taken for 'any kind of common sickness.' Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 239 |
| Collinsonia canadensis L. Richweed USDA COCA4 |
Iroquois Drug, Panacea Decoction of roots taken for any ailment. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 429 |
| Coreopsis tinctoria var. tinctoria Golden Tickseed USDA COTIT |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Panacea Root used as a 'life medicine.' Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 50 |
| Cornus sericea L. Redosier Dogwood USDA COSES |
Thompson Drug, Panacea Plant used as a medicine for anything by the elderly. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 204 |
| Cornus sericea ssp. sericea Redosier Dogwood USDA COSES |
Iroquois Drug, Panacea Bark smoked for every ailment. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 404 |
| Cornus sericea ssp. sericea Redosier Dogwood USDA COSES |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Panacea Decoction of inner bark and chokecherry bark or alder bark taken for any kind of sickness. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 96 |
| Crataegus douglasii Lindl. Black Hawthorn USDA CRDOD |
Thompson Drug, Panacea Fruit considered a good health food for general sickness. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 258 |
| Cryptantha cinerea var. cinerea James' Catseye USDA CRCIC |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Panacea Cold infusion of root used as 'life medicine.' Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 40 |
| Cucurbita foetidissima Kunth Missouri Gourd USDA CUFO |
Dakota Drug, Panacea Root used for any ailment, according to the doctrine of signatures. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 116117 |
| Cucurbita foetidissima Kunth Missouri Gourd USDA CUFO |
Omaha Drug, Panacea Root used for any ailment, according to the doctrine of signatures. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 116117 |
| Cucurbita foetidissima Kunth Missouri Gourd USDA CUFO |
Pawnee Drug, Panacea Root used for any ailment, according to the doctrine of signatures. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 116117 |
| Cucurbita foetidissima Kunth Missouri Gourd USDA CUFO |
Ponca Drug, Panacea Root used for any ailment, according to the doctrine of signatures. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 116117 |