| Arctostaphylos alpina (L.) Spreng. Alpine Bearberry USDA ARAL2 |
Alaska Native Food, Fruit Berries used for food. Berry was juicy but rather insipid in flavor. Not usually available in large quantities. Picked in poor berry years and mixed with blueberries. Flavor was much improved with cooking. Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 77 |
| Arctostaphylos alpina (L.) Spreng. Alpine Bearberry USDA ARAL2 |
Eskimo, Alaska Food, Fruit Fruit used for food. Anderson, J. P., 1939, Plants Used by the Eskimo of the Northern Bering Sea and Arctic Regions of Alaska, American Journal of Botany 26:714-16, page 715 |
| Arctostaphylos alpina (L.) Spreng. Alpine Bearberry USDA ARAL2 |
Eskimo, Arctic Food, Forage Berries eaten greedily by bears and ptarmigan. Porsild, A.E., 1953, Edible Plants of the Arctic, Arctic 6:15-34, page 23 |
| Arctostaphylos alpina (L.) Spreng. Alpine Bearberry USDA ARAL2 |
Eskimo, Inupiat Food, Fruit Berries, other berries and sugar cooked and eaten. Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska. Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 108 |
| Arctostaphylos alpina (L.) Spreng. Alpine Bearberry USDA ARAL2 |
Koyukon Food, Winter Use Food Berries stored in grease or oil and eaten with fish or meat. Nelson, Richard K., 1983, Make Prayers to the Raven--A Koyukon View of the Northern Forest, Chicago. The University of Chicago Press, page 55 |
| Arctostaphylos alpina (L.) Spreng. Alpine Bearberry USDA ARAL2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Infusion of pounded plants used as wash for rheumatism. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231 |
| Arctostaphylos alpina (L.) Spreng. Alpine Bearberry USDA ARAL2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Blood Medicine Decoction of bark taken for internal blood diseases. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231 |
| Arctostaphylos alpina (L.) Spreng. Alpine Bearberry USDA ARAL2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Leaves used for medicine ceremonies. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 238 |
| Arctostaphylos alpina (L.) Spreng. Alpine Bearberry USDA ARAL2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Narcotic Leaves smoked to cause intoxication. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 238 |
| Arctostaphylos alpina (L.) Spreng. Alpine Bearberry USDA ARAL2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Panacea Infusion of pounded plants used as wash for general illnesses. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231 |
| Arctostaphylos alpina (L.) Spreng. Alpine Bearberry USDA ARAL2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Unspecified Leaves used for medicinal purposes. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 238 |
| Arctostaphylos canescens Eastw. Hoary Manzanita USDA ARCAC7 |
Karok Food, Beverage Berries used to make a drink. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 388 |
| Arctostaphylos canescens Eastw. Hoary Manzanita USDA ARCAC7 |
Karok Food, Dried Food Berries dried and stored in storage baskets for future use. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 388 |
| Arctostaphylos canescens Eastw. Hoary Manzanita USDA ARCAC7 |
Karok Food, Fruit Dried berries pounded, mixed with salmon eggs, cooked in a basket with a hot rock and eaten. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 388 |
| Arctostaphylos canescens Eastw. Hoary Manzanita USDA ARCAC7 |
Karok Other, Containers Wood used to make reels for string. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 388 |
| Arctostaphylos canescens Eastw. Hoary Manzanita USDA ARCAC7 |
Karok Other, Cooking Tools Wood used to make spoons and scraping sticks for acorn soup. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 388 |
| Arctostaphylos canescens Eastw. Hoary Manzanita USDA ARCAC7 |
Karok Other, Walking Sticks Wood used to make canes. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 388 |
| Arctostaphylos columbiana Piper Hairy Manzanita USDA ARCO3 |
Pomo Drug, Antidiarrheal Decoction of bark taken for diarrhea. Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 14 |
| Arctostaphylos columbiana Piper Hairy Manzanita USDA ARCO3 |
Pomo, Kashaya Drug, Antidiarrheal Decoction of bark used for diarrhea. Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 69 |
| Arctostaphylos columbiana Piper Hairy Manzanita USDA ARCO3 |
Pomo, Kashaya Other, Lighting Wood used on the fire at dances and ceremonials because it made a bright light to see by. Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 69 |
| Arctostaphylos columbiana Piper Hairy Manzanita USDA ARCO3 |
Pomo, Kashaya Other, Tools Wood used for making tools and awl handles. Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 69 |
| Arctostaphylos glandulosa Eastw. Eastwood's Manzanita USDA ARGLG3 |
Cahuilla Drug, Antidiarrheal Infusion of leaves used for diarrhea. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40 |
| Arctostaphylos glandulosa Eastw. Eastwood's Manzanita USDA ARGLG3 |
Cahuilla Drug, Dermatological Aid Infusion of leaves used for poison oak rash. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40 |
| Arctostaphylos glandulosa Eastw. Eastwood's Manzanita USDA ARGLG3 |
Cahuilla Fiber, Building Material Branches used in house construction. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40 |
| Arctostaphylos glandulosa Eastw. Eastwood's Manzanita USDA ARGLG3 |
Cahuilla Food, Beverage Mashed fruit mixed with water and strained into a drink. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40 |
| Arctostaphylos glandulosa Eastw. Eastwood's Manzanita USDA ARGLG3 |
Cahuilla Food, Dried Food Berries sun dried and stored for future use. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40 |
| Arctostaphylos glandulosa Eastw. Eastwood's Manzanita USDA ARGLG3 |
Cahuilla Food, Fruit Berries eaten fresh. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40 |
| Arctostaphylos glandulosa Eastw. Eastwood's Manzanita USDA ARGLG3 |
Cahuilla Food, Porridge Dried berries ground into flour and used to make mush. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40 |
| Arctostaphylos glandulosa Eastw. Eastwood's Manzanita USDA ARGLG3 |
Cahuilla Food, Sauce & Relish Berries used to make a gelatinous substance and eaten like aspic. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40 |
| Arctostaphylos glandulosa Eastw. Eastwood's Manzanita USDA ARGLG3 |
Cahuilla Food, Staple Seeds ground into a meal and used to make mush or cakes. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40 |
| Arctostaphylos glandulosa Eastw. Eastwood's Manzanita USDA ARGLG3 |
Cahuilla Other, Fuel Wood, provided a hot fire and long lasting coals, used for firewood. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40 |
| Arctostaphylos glandulosa Eastw. Eastwood's Manzanita USDA ARGLG3 |
Cahuilla Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Plant provided food for wild game and therefore a rich hunting opportunity. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40 |
| Arctostaphylos glandulosa Eastw. Eastwood's Manzanita USDA ARGLG3 |
Cahuilla Other, Smoke Plant Leaves mixed with tobacco. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40 |
| Arctostaphylos glandulosa Eastw. Eastwood's Manzanita USDA ARGLG3 |
Cahuilla Other, Smoking Tools Stems used to make pipes. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40 |
| Arctostaphylos glandulosa Eastw. Eastwood's Manzanita USDA ARGLG3 |
Cahuilla Other, Tools Stems used to make small tools. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40 |
| Arctostaphylos glandulosa Eastw. Eastwood's Manzanita USDA ARGLG3 |
Cahuilla Other, Tools Wood used to make awl handles. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40 |
| Arctostaphylos glandulosa Eastw. Eastwood's Manzanita USDA ARGLG3 |
Pomo Drug, Unspecified Plant used as medicine. Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 14 |
| Arctostaphylos glandulosa Eastw. Eastwood's Manzanita USDA ARGLG3 |
Pomo, Kashaya Drug, Antidiarrheal Decoction of bark taken for diarrhea and bleeding diarrhea. Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 68 |
| Arctostaphylos glandulosa Eastw. Eastwood's Manzanita USDA ARGLG3 |
Pomo, Kashaya Food, Dried Food Dried, pounded berries stored for later use and made into pinole, cakes or mixed with water. Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 68 |
| Arctostaphylos glandulosa Eastw. Eastwood's Manzanita USDA ARGLG3 |
Pomo, Kashaya Other, Tools Wood used for making tools and awl handles. Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 68 |
| Arctostaphylos glauca Lindl. Bigberry Manzanita USDA ARGL4 |
Cahuilla Drug, Antidiarrheal Infusion of leaves used for diarrhea. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40 |
| Arctostaphylos glauca Lindl. Bigberry Manzanita USDA ARGL4 |
Cahuilla Drug, Dermatological Aid Infusion of leaves used for poison oak rash. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40 |
| Arctostaphylos glauca Lindl. Bigberry Manzanita USDA ARGL4 |
Cahuilla Fiber, Building Material Branches used in house construction. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40 |
| Arctostaphylos glauca Lindl. Bigberry Manzanita USDA ARGL4 |
Cahuilla Food, Beverage Mashed fruit mixed with water and strained into a drink. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40 |
| Arctostaphylos glauca Lindl. Bigberry Manzanita USDA ARGL4 |
Cahuilla Food, Dried Food Berries sun dried and stored for future use. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40 |
| Arctostaphylos glauca Lindl. Bigberry Manzanita USDA ARGL4 |
Cahuilla Food, Porridge Dried berries ground into flour and used to make mush. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40 |
| Arctostaphylos glauca Lindl. Bigberry Manzanita USDA ARGL4 |
Cahuilla Food, Sauce & Relish Berries used to make a gelatinous substance and eaten like aspic. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40 |
| Arctostaphylos glauca Lindl. Bigberry Manzanita USDA ARGL4 |
Cahuilla Food, Staple Seeds ground into a meal and used to make mush or cakes. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40 |
| Arctostaphylos glauca Lindl. Bigberry Manzanita USDA ARGL4 |
Cahuilla Other, Fuel Wood, provided a hot fire and long lasting coals, used for firewood. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40 |
| Arctostaphylos glauca Lindl. Bigberry Manzanita USDA ARGL4 |
Cahuilla Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Plant provided food for wild game and therefore a rich hunting opportunity. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 40 |