| Fraxinus americana L. White Ash USDA FRAM2 |
Abnaki Drug, Abortifacient Infusion of bark taken by women to provoke menses. Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 172 |
| Fraxinus americana L. White Ash USDA FRAM2 |
Abnaki Drug, Abortifacient Used as an emmenagogue. Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 154 |
| Fraxinus americana L. White Ash USDA FRAM2 |
Abnaki Fiber, Snow Gear Wood used to make snowshoes. Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 172 |
| Fraxinus americana L. White Ash USDA FRAM2 |
Abnaki Fiber, Snow Gear Wood used to make the frames of snowshoes. Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 160 |
| Fraxinus americana L. White Ash USDA FRAM2 |
Cherokee Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Tonic of inner bark taken for liver and stomach. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 23 |
| Fraxinus americana L. White Ash USDA FRAM2 |
Cherokee Drug, Gynecological Aid Infusion of bark used to 'check discharge.' Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 23 |
| Fraxinus americana L. White Ash USDA FRAM2 |
Chippewa Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Wood used to make handles for fishing spears. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 139 |
| Fraxinus americana L. White Ash USDA FRAM2 |
Delaware, Oklahoma Drug, Cathartic Decoction of bark taken as a cathartic. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 25, 76 |
| Fraxinus americana L. White Ash USDA FRAM2 |
Delaware, Oklahoma Drug, Emetic Decoction of bark taken as an emetic. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 25, 76 |
| Fraxinus americana L. White Ash USDA FRAM2 |
Delaware, Oklahoma Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Decoction of bark taken 'to remove bile from the intestines.' Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 25 |
| Fraxinus americana L. White Ash USDA FRAM2 |
Delaware, Oklahoma Drug, Liver Aid Decoction of bark taken 'to remove bile from the intestines.' Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 25 |
| Fraxinus americana L. White Ash USDA FRAM2 |
Iroquois Drug, Blood Medicine Compound used for bad blood. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 412 |
| Fraxinus americana L. White Ash USDA FRAM2 |
Iroquois Drug, Cathartic Decoction of bark taken as a physic. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 411 |
| Fraxinus americana L. White Ash USDA FRAM2 |
Iroquois Drug, Dermatological Aid Compound infusion of bark taken and applied as poultice to syphilitic lumps. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 412 |
| Fraxinus americana L. White Ash USDA FRAM2 |
Iroquois Drug, Dermatological Aid Compound used for neck sores. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 412 |
| Fraxinus americana L. White Ash USDA FRAM2 |
Iroquois Drug, Ear Medicine Branch sap used for earaches. Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 60 |
| Fraxinus americana L. White Ash USDA FRAM2 |
Iroquois Drug, Ear Medicine Infusion of plant, with another plant, used as ear drops for earaches. Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 60 |
| Fraxinus americana L. White Ash USDA FRAM2 |
Iroquois Drug, Emetic Bark chewed to cause vomiting and clean out the insides, as a hunting medicine for deer. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 412 |
| Fraxinus americana L. White Ash USDA FRAM2 |
Iroquois Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Compound decoction of bark taken for stomach cramps. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 412 |
| Fraxinus americana L. White Ash USDA FRAM2 |
Iroquois Drug, Hunting Medicine Bark chewed to cause vomiting and clean out the insides, as a hunting medicine for deer. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 412 |
| Fraxinus americana L. White Ash USDA FRAM2 |
Iroquois Drug, Laxative Compound decoction of bark taken as a laxative. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 412 |
| Fraxinus americana L. White Ash USDA FRAM2 |
Iroquois Drug, Reproductive Aid Compound decoction of roots and bark taken to induce pregnancy. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 411 |
| Fraxinus americana L. White Ash USDA FRAM2 |
Iroquois Drug, Snake Bite Remedy Decoction of roots taken and applied as poultice to snakebites. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 411 |
| Fraxinus americana L. White Ash USDA FRAM2 |
Iroquois Drug, Venereal Aid Compound infusion of bark taken and applied as poultice to syphilitic lumps. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 412 |
| Fraxinus americana L. White Ash USDA FRAM2 |
Iroquois Drug, Veterinary Aid Compound decoction of plants mixed with feed as a laxative for horses. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 412 |
| Fraxinus americana L. White Ash USDA FRAM2 |
Iroquois Fiber, Basketry Plant used to make baskets. Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 60 |
| Fraxinus americana L. White Ash USDA FRAM2 |
Iroquois Fiber, Furniture Plant used to make chair backs. Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 60 |
| Fraxinus americana L. White Ash USDA FRAM2 |
Malecite Fiber, Canoe Material Used to make boat frames. Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6 |
| Fraxinus americana L. White Ash USDA FRAM2 |
Malecite Fiber, Snow Gear Used to make snowshoes. Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6 |
| Fraxinus americana L. White Ash USDA FRAM2 |
Meskwaki Drug, Dermatological Aid Infusion of bark used for sores, itch and vermin on the scalp. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 233 |
| Fraxinus americana L. White Ash USDA FRAM2 |
Meskwaki Drug, Snake Bite Remedy Decoction of flowers taken as an antidote for a bite, probably a snake bite. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 233 |
| Fraxinus americana L. White Ash USDA FRAM2 |
Meskwaki Fiber, Basketry Wood splints used for weaving baskets. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 268 |
| Fraxinus americana L. White Ash USDA FRAM2 |
Micmac Drug, Gynecological Aid Leaves used for cleansing after childbirth. Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 56 |
| Fraxinus americana L. White Ash USDA FRAM2 |
Micmac Other, Tools Used to make axe and knife handles. Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 258 |
| Fraxinus americana L. White Ash USDA FRAM2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Unspecified Root bark used for medicinal purposes. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245 |
| Fraxinus americana L. White Ash USDA FRAM2 |
Ojibwa Fiber, Canoe Material Used to make canoes. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245 |
| Fraxinus americana L. White Ash USDA FRAM2 |
Ojibwa Fiber, Snow Gear Used to make snowshoes. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245 |
| Fraxinus americana L. White Ash USDA FRAM2 |
Penobscot Drug, Gynecological Aid Strong decoction of leaves taken after childbirth for cleansing. Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 310 |
| Fraxinus anomala Torr. ex S. Wats. Singleleaf Ash USDA FRANA |
Hopi Other, Ceremonial Items Used for prayersticks. Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 35 |
| Fraxinus anomala Torr. ex S. Wats. Singleleaf Ash USDA FRANA |
Navajo, Kayenta Other, Ceremonial Items Seeds used in prayer for rain. Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 35 |
| Fraxinus cuspidata Torr. Fragrant Ash USDA FRCU |
Navajo Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Stems used to make arrows. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 68 |
| Fraxinus cuspidata Torr. Fragrant Ash USDA FRCU |
Navajo Other, Stable Gear Wood used to make a fair imitation of the Mexican saddle. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 68 |
| Fraxinus cuspidata Torr. Fragrant Ash USDA FRCU |
Navajo, Ramah Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Wood used to make arrow shafts and bows. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 39 |
| Fraxinus cuspidata Torr. Fragrant Ash USDA FRCU |
Navajo, Ramah Other, Tools Wood used to make weaving tools. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 39 |
| Fraxinus latifolia Benth. Oregon Ash USDA FRLA |
Costanoan Drug, Febrifuge Cold infusion of twigs used for fevers. Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 12 |
| Fraxinus latifolia Benth. Oregon Ash USDA FRLA |
Costanoan Drug, Snake Bite Remedy Leaves placed in sandals as a snake repellent. Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 12 |
| Fraxinus latifolia Benth. Oregon Ash USDA FRLA |
Costanoan Other, Protection Leaves placed in sandals as a snake repellent. Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 250 |
| Fraxinus latifolia Benth. Oregon Ash USDA FRLA |
Cowlitz Drug, Anthelmintic Infusion of bark taken for worms. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 45 |
| Fraxinus latifolia Benth. Oregon Ash USDA FRLA |
Cowlitz Fiber, Canoe Material Wood used to make canoe paddles. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 45 |
| Fraxinus latifolia Benth. Oregon Ash USDA FRLA |
Cowlitz Other, Tools Wood used to make digging sticks. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 45 |