| Fraxinus latifolia Benth. Oregon Ash USDA FRLA |
Karok Drug, Preventive Medicine Bark used to prevent bad effect on medicine by ceremonially impure person. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 388 |
| Fraxinus latifolia Benth. Oregon Ash USDA FRLA |
Karok Fiber, Basketry Roots used to make baskets. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 388 |
| Fraxinus latifolia Benth. Oregon Ash USDA FRLA |
Kawaiisu Other, Tools Peeled pole, ten or more feet in length, used to knock down pinyon cones. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 32 |
| Fraxinus latifolia Benth. Oregon Ash USDA FRLA |
Mendocino Indian Other, Tools Wood used to make handles and small tools. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 378 |
| Fraxinus latifolia Benth. Oregon Ash USDA FRLA |
Mendocino Indian Other, Walking Sticks Wood used to make canes. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 378 |
| Fraxinus latifolia Benth. Oregon Ash USDA FRLA |
Yokia Drug, Dermatological Aid Mashed roots used for wounds. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 378 |
| Fraxinus latifolia Benth. Oregon Ash USDA FRLA |
Yuki Other, Fuel Used for fuel. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 378 |
| Fraxinus latifolia Benth. Oregon Ash USDA FRLA |
Yuki Other, Smoking Tools Used to make tobacco pipes. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 378 |
| Fraxinus latifolia Benth. Oregon Ash USDA FRLA |
Yuki Other, Smoking Tools Wood used to make straight pipes. Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 93 |
| Fraxinus nigra Marsh. Black Ash USDA FRNI |
Abnaki Fiber, Basketry Used to make baskets. Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 172 |
| Fraxinus nigra Marsh. Black Ash USDA FRNI |
Abnaki Fiber, Basketry Wood used to make baskets. Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 157 |
| Fraxinus nigra Marsh. Black Ash USDA FRNI |
Cherokee Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Tonic of inner bark taken for liver and stomach. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 23 |
| Fraxinus nigra Marsh. Black Ash USDA FRNI |
Cherokee Drug, Gynecological Aid Infusion of bark used to 'check discharge.' Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 23 |
| Fraxinus nigra Marsh. Black Ash USDA FRNI |
Chippewa Dye, Blue Bark used to make a blue dye in a manner similar to that of blue ash. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 139 |
| Fraxinus nigra Marsh. Black Ash USDA FRNI |
Chippewa Fiber, Basketry Wood logs beaten with mauls to separate the growth layers, cut into strips and woven into baskets. The wood logs were beaten with mauls until the growth layers were loosened so that they could be separated. The thin sheets of wood were then cut into strips of the desired size and woven into baskets. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 139 |
| Fraxinus nigra Marsh. Black Ash USDA FRNI |
Chippewa Fiber, Building Material Bark used to cover wigwams. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 377 |
| Fraxinus nigra Marsh. Black Ash USDA FRNI |
Chippewa Other, Fuel Wood used for fuel for quiet fires because it did not crackle and shoot sparks like other woods. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 139 |
| Fraxinus nigra Marsh. Black Ash USDA FRNI |
Iroquois Drug, Analgesic Infusion of bark taken for painful urination. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 412 |
| Fraxinus nigra Marsh. Black Ash USDA FRNI |
Iroquois Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Compound infusion of roots and bark used as foot soak for rheumatism. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 412 |
| Fraxinus nigra Marsh. Black Ash USDA FRNI |
Iroquois Drug, Ear Medicine Compound infusion of roots used as drops for earaches. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 413 |
| Fraxinus nigra Marsh. Black Ash USDA FRNI |
Iroquois Drug, Laxative Compound decoction of bark taken as a laxative. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 413 |
| Fraxinus nigra Marsh. Black Ash USDA FRNI |
Iroquois Drug, Other Compound decoction of bark taken for stricture. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 413 |
| Fraxinus nigra Marsh. Black Ash USDA FRNI |
Iroquois Drug, Reproductive Aid Compound decoction of roots and bark taken to induce pregnancy. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 413 |
| Fraxinus nigra Marsh. Black Ash USDA FRNI |
Iroquois Drug, Urinary Aid Infusion of bark taken for painful urination. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 412 |
| Fraxinus nigra Marsh. Black Ash USDA FRNI |
Iroquois Drug, Veterinary Aid Compound decoction of plants mixed with feed given to horses as a laxative. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 413 |
| Fraxinus nigra Marsh. Black Ash USDA FRNI |
Malecite Fiber, Basketry Used to make basket splints. Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6 |
| Fraxinus nigra Marsh. Black Ash USDA FRNI |
Menominee Drug, Adjuvant Inner bark used as a seasoner for medicines. Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 43 |
| Fraxinus nigra Marsh. Black Ash USDA FRNI |
Menominee Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Wood used for bows and arrows. Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 75 |
| Fraxinus nigra Marsh. Black Ash USDA FRNI |
Meskwaki Drug, Laxative Compound infusion of wood used to loosen the bowels. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 233 |
| Fraxinus nigra Marsh. Black Ash USDA FRNI |
Meskwaki Drug, Panacea Inner bark of trunk considered a remedy for any internal ailments. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 233 |
| Fraxinus nigra Marsh. Black Ash USDA FRNI |
Meskwaki Fiber, Basketry Inner bark and wood used to make baskets. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 269 |
| Fraxinus nigra Marsh. Black Ash USDA FRNI |
Meskwaki Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Wood used to make bows and arrows. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 269 |
| Fraxinus nigra Marsh. Black Ash USDA FRNI |
Micmac Fiber, Basketry Used to make basketware. Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 258 |
| Fraxinus nigra Marsh. Black Ash USDA FRNI |
Ojibwa Fiber, Basketry Wood used for basketry splints. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 420 |
| Fraxinus nigra Marsh. Black Ash USDA FRNI |
Ojibwa, South Drug, Eye Medicine Infusion of inner bark applied to sore eyes. Hoffman, W.J., 1891, The Midewiwin or 'Grand Medicine Society' of the Ojibwa, SI-BAE Annual Report #7, page 200 |
| Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. Green Ash USDA FRPE |
Algonquin, Tete-de-Boule Drug, Psychological Aid Infusion of inner bark taken for depression. Raymond, Marcel., 1945, Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De Manouan, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:113-134, page 128 |
| Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. Green Ash USDA FRPE |
Algonquin, Tete-de-Boule Drug, Stimulant Infusion of inner bark taken for fatigue. Raymond, Marcel., 1945, Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De Manouan, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:113-134, page 128 |
| Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. Green Ash USDA FRPE |
Cherokee Fiber, Building Material Wood used for firewood and lumber. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 23 |
| Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. Green Ash USDA FRPE |
Cherokee Fiber, Sporting Equipment Wood used to make handles, ball bats and butter paddles. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 23 |
| Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. Green Ash USDA FRPE |
Cherokee Other, Cooking Tools Wood used to make butter paddles. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 23 |
| Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. Green Ash USDA FRPE |
Cherokee Other, Fuel Wood used for firewood and lumber. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 23 |
| Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. Green Ash USDA FRPE |
Cherokee Other, Tools Wood used to make handles and ball bats. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 23 |
| Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. Green Ash USDA FRPE |
Cheyenne Fiber, Building Material Trunks used to construct the medicine lodge for the Sun Dance ceremony. Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 46 |
| Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. Green Ash USDA FRPE |
Cheyenne Fiber, Building Material Wood used to make Sundance lodges. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 20 |
| Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. Green Ash USDA FRPE |
Cheyenne Fiber, Building Material Wood used to make posts for the Sun Dance lodge. Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 31 |
| Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. Green Ash USDA FRPE |
Cheyenne Fiber, Building Material Wood used to make tent poles, pegs and tipi pins. Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 31 |
| Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. Green Ash USDA FRPE |
Cheyenne Other, Cooking Tools Wood used to make racks for drying meat. Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 31 |
| Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. Green Ash USDA FRPE |
Cheyenne Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Used to make bows. Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 46 |
| Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. Green Ash USDA FRPE |
Cheyenne Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Wood used to make bows and arrows. Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 31 |
| Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. Green Ash USDA FRPE |
Cheyenne Other, Smoking Tools Wood used to make pipe stems. Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 31 |