| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Navajo Food, Bread & Cake Seeds ground and made into bread and dumplings. Steggerda, Morris, 1941, Navajo Foods and Their Preparation, Journal of the American Dietetic Association 17(3):217-25, page 223 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Navajo Food, Bread & Cake Seeds mixed with corn, ground into a meal and made into cakes. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 87 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Navajo Food, Porridge Seeds ground and made into gruel. Steggerda, Morris, 1941, Navajo Foods and Their Preparation, Journal of the American Dietetic Association 17(3):217-25, page 223 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Navajo Other, Ceremonial Items Hollow stalk used in the illusion of swallowing the arrow during the Mountain Chant. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 87 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Navajo Other, Ceremonial Items Stalk made into flute used in an ancient custom of timing the grinding of the corn at the War Dance. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 87 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Navajo Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Stalks used to make bird snares. Bird snares were made of stalks in which were drilled two small holes. In one of these holes was inserted a twig of greasewood and at the end of this was fastened a sliding loop of horsehair. The greasewood twig was then bent in a bow and the loop passed through the upper hole, across which was laid a small piece of reed. The small stick below the loop was placed so that one end rests on the rim of the stalk and the other end on the reed. When a bird alighted on this, the small piece of reed was disturbed and the greasewood twig straightened, drawing the horsehair loop with the bird's foot in it into the stalk. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 87 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Navajo, Kayenta Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Plant used for sun sandpainting ceremony. Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 48 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Navajo, Kayenta Drug, Disinfectant Plant used for prenatal infection caused by solar eclipse. Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 48 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Navajo, Kayenta Drug, Pediatric Aid Plant used for prenatal infection caused by solar eclipse. Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 48 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Dermatological Aid Moxa of pith used on scratched wart for removal. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 51 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Other Salve of pulverized seed and root used on injury from horse falling on person. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 51 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Navajo, Ramah Food, Fodder Used for livestock feed. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 51 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Navajo, Ramah Food, Unspecified Roasted, ground seeds made into cakes. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 51 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Navajo, Ramah Other, Ceremonial Items Stem used to make Holyway Prayer stick. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 51 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Paiute Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Decoction of root used as a warm wash for rheumatism. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 84 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Paiute Food, Porridge Roasted, ground seeds made into flour and used to make mush. Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 117 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Paiute Food, Staple Seeds parched, ground and eaten as meal. Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 98 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Paiute Food, Winter Use Food Roasted, ground seeds made into flour and stored for winter use. Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 117 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Paiute, Northern Food, Staple Seeds ground into a meal and eaten. Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 47 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Pawnee Drug, Gynecological Aid Dry seed compound eaten by pregnant nursing women to protect suckling child. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 130 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Pima Drug, Anthelmintic Poultice of warm ashes applied to stomach for worms. Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 103 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Pima Drug, Febrifuge Decoction of leaves taken for high fevers. Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 103 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Pima Drug, Veterinary Aid Decoction of leaves used as a wash for horses with sores caused by screw worms. Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 103 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Pima Food, Candy Inner pulp of stalks used as chewing gum. Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 103 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Pima Food, Candy Petals used by children as chewing gum. Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 103 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Pima Food, Staple Seeds ground into meal and used as food. Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 103 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Pima Food, Unspecified Seeds eaten raw or roasted. Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 103 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Pima Other, Lighting Inner pulp of dried stalks strung and used to make quick-burning candles. Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 103 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Pueblo Food, Unspecified Seeds used for food. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 30 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Ree Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Oil from seeds used 'to lubricate or paint the face or body.' Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 12, 13 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Ree Drug, Stimulant Dried, powdered seeds mixed into cakes and taken on war party to combat fatigue. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 12, 13 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Ree Food, Staple Powdered seed meal boiled or made into cakes with grease. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 12 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Ree Food, Unspecified Seeds eaten raw. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 12 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Sanpoil and Nespelem Food, Dried Food Dried roots stored for winter use. Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem: Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 100 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Sanpoil and Nespelem Food, Unspecified Seeds parched until brown, pulverized and eaten. Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem: Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 104 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Sanpoil and Nespelem Food, Unspecified Stems eaten raw. Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem: Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 103 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Sanpoil and Nespelem Food, Winter Use Food Seeds parched until brown, pulverized and stored in salmon skins. Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem: Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 104 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Tewa Other, Smoking Tools Dried stalks made into fire-sticks and used to light cigarettes. Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 56 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Thompson Drug, Dermatological Aid Powdered leaves alone or in ointment used on sores and swellings. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 469 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Zuni Drug, Snake Bite Remedy Compound poultice of root applied with much ceremony to rattlesnake bite. Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 53, 54 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Zuni Drug, Snake Bite Remedy Fresh or dried root chewed by medicine man before sucking snakebite and poultice applied to wound. Camazine, Scott and Robert A. Bye, 1980, A Study Of The Medical Ethnobotany Of The Zuni Indians of New Mexico, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2:365-388, page 375 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Zuni Other, Ceremonial Items Blossoms used ceremonially for anthropic worship. Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 93 |
| Helianthus anomalus Blake Western Sunflower USDA HEAN4 |
Hopi Drug, Dermatological Aid Plant used as a 'spider medicine.' Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 32, 96 |
| Helianthus anomalus Blake Western Sunflower USDA HEAN4 |
Hopi Food, Fodder Used as an important food for summer birds. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 96 |
| Helianthus anomalus Blake Western Sunflower USDA HEAN4 |
Hopi Other, Decorations Petals dried, ground, mixed with yellow corn meal and used as a face powder in women's basket dance. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 96 |
| Helianthus bolanderi Gray Serpentine Sunflower USDA HEBO3 |
Paiute Food, Unspecified Species used for food. Steward, Julian H., 1933, Ethnography of the Owens Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 33(3):233-250, page 243 |
| Helianthus cusickii Gray Cusick's Sunflower USDA HECU2 |
Paiute Drug, Heart Medicine Infusion of roots taken for heart troubles. Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 116 |
| Helianthus cusickii Gray Cusick's Sunflower USDA HECU2 |
Paiute Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Infusion of roots taken for tuberculosis. Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 116 |
| Helianthus cusickii Gray Cusick's Sunflower USDA HECU2 |
Paiute, Northern Food, Unspecified Roots peeled and eaten raw. Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 43 |
| Helianthus cusickii Gray Cusick's Sunflower USDA HECU2 |
Shasta Drug, Analgesic Pounded roots used in a steambath for internal pain. Holt, Catharine, 1946, Shasta Ethnography, Anthropological Records 3(4):308, page 340 |