| Rhus glabra L. Smooth Sumac USDA RHGL |
Chippewa Dye, Red Fruit used to make a dull, red dye. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 135 |
| Rhus glabra L. Smooth Sumac USDA RHGL |
Chippewa Dye, Yellow Inner bark, bloodroot and wild plum inner bark used to make a yellow dye. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 374 |
| Rhus glabra L. Smooth Sumac USDA RHGL |
Chippewa Dye, Yellow Stalk pulp used to make a light yellow dye. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 373 |
| Rhus glabra L. Smooth Sumac USDA RHGL |
Chippewa Other, Smoke Plant Leaves dried and smoked. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 135 |
| Rhus glabra L. Smooth Sumac USDA RHGL |
Comanche Food, Fruit Fruits eaten by children. Carlson, Gustav G. and Volney H. Jones, 1940, Some Notes on Uses of Plants by the Comanche Indians, Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 25:517-542, page 524 |
| Rhus glabra L. Smooth Sumac USDA RHGL |
Comanche Other, Smoke Plant Leaves added to tobacco for smoking. Carlson, Gustav G. and Volney H. Jones, 1940, Some Notes on Uses of Plants by the Comanche Indians, Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 25:517-542, page 524 |
| Rhus glabra L. Smooth Sumac USDA RHGL |
Creek Drug, Antidiarrheal Decoction of root taken for dysentery. Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, page 659 |
| Rhus glabra L. Smooth Sumac USDA RHGL |
Creek Drug, Antidiarrheal Decoction of roots taken for dysentery. Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 36 |
| Rhus glabra L. Smooth Sumac USDA RHGL |
Creek Drug, Other Leaves mixed with tobacco and smoked for 'all cephalic and pectoral complaints.' Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, page 659 |
| Rhus glabra L. Smooth Sumac USDA RHGL |
Dakota Other, Smoke Plant Dried, red leaves used for smoking. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 99 |
| Rhus glabra L. Smooth Sumac USDA RHGL |
Dakota Other, Smoke Plant Red leaves dried and used for smoking. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 99, 100 |
| Rhus glabra L. Smooth Sumac USDA RHGL |
Dakota Other, Smoke Plant Scarlet leaves gathered in the fall and dried for smoking. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, page 367 |
| Rhus glabra L. Smooth Sumac USDA RHGL |
Flathead Drug, Cathartic Fruits used as a purgative. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 55 |
| Rhus glabra L. Smooth Sumac USDA RHGL |
Flathead Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Infusion of green or dried branches taken for tuberculosis. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 55 |
| Rhus glabra L. Smooth Sumac USDA RHGL |
Gosiute Food, Fruit Berries used for food. Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 379 |
| Rhus glabra L. Smooth Sumac USDA RHGL |
Gosiute Other, Smoke Plant Leaves formerly used to smoke. Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 379 |
| Rhus glabra L. Smooth Sumac USDA RHGL |
Iroquois Drug, Alterative Sprouts used as an alterative. Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 93 |
| Rhus glabra L. Smooth Sumac USDA RHGL |
Iroquois Food, Beverage Bobs boiled and used as a drink in winter. Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 96 |
| Rhus glabra L. Smooth Sumac USDA RHGL |
Iroquois Food, Unspecified Fresh shoots peeled and eaten raw. Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 119 |
| Rhus glabra L. Smooth Sumac USDA RHGL |
Iroquois Food, Unspecified Sprouts eaten raw. Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 93 |
| Rhus glabra L. Smooth Sumac USDA RHGL |
Kiowa Drug, Other Plant used to 'purify' the body and mind. Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 37 |
| Rhus glabra L. Smooth Sumac USDA RHGL |
Kiowa Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Plant used for tuberculosis. Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 37 |
| Rhus glabra L. Smooth Sumac USDA RHGL |
Kiowa Dye, Orange-Yellow Spring roots used as a yellow, orange dye. Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 37 |
| Rhus glabra L. Smooth Sumac USDA RHGL |
Kiowa Dye, Orange-Yellow Spring roots used as a yellow, orange dye. Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 37 |
| Rhus glabra L. Smooth Sumac USDA RHGL |
Kiowa Other, Smoke Plant Dried leaves smoked in a mixture of tobacco. Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 37 |
| Rhus glabra L. Smooth Sumac USDA RHGL |
Kiowa Other, Smoke Plant Dried leaves smoked in a mixture of tobacco. Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 37 |
| Rhus glabra L. Smooth Sumac USDA RHGL |
Kutenai Drug, Throat Aid Roots squeezed and juice swallowed for sore throat. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 55 |
| Rhus glabra L. Smooth Sumac USDA RHGL |
Lakota Other, Smoke Plant Red, autumn leaves used to smoke. Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 33 |
| Rhus glabra L. Smooth Sumac USDA RHGL |
Meskwaki Drug, Dermatological Aid Root bark used as a rubefacient, to raise a blister on the patient. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 200 |
| Rhus glabra L. Smooth Sumac USDA RHGL |
Meskwaki Drug, Dietary Aid Decoction of root taken as an appetizer by invalids. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 200 |
| Rhus glabra L. Smooth Sumac USDA RHGL |
Meskwaki Dye, Yellow Root used to dye rush mats and woven bark mats yellow. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 271 |
| Rhus glabra L. Smooth Sumac USDA RHGL |
Meskwaki Food, Beverage Berries and sugar used to make a cooling drink in the summer time and stored for winter use. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 255 |
| Rhus glabra L. Smooth Sumac USDA RHGL |
Micmac Drug, Ear Medicine Parts of plant used for earaches. Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 60 |
| Rhus glabra L. Smooth Sumac USDA RHGL |
Nez Perce Drug, Dermatological Aid Leaves moistened and used for skin rashes. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 55 |
| Rhus glabra L. Smooth Sumac USDA RHGL |
Ojibwa Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Bark and berries used in medicine ceremonies. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 234 |
| Rhus glabra L. Smooth Sumac USDA RHGL |
Ojibwa Drug, Dermatological Aid Inner bark of trunk or twig used in compounds as astringents. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 354 |
| Rhus glabra L. Smooth Sumac USDA RHGL |
Ojibwa Drug, Eye Medicine Infusion of blossoms used as a wash for sore eyes. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 354 |
| Rhus glabra L. Smooth Sumac USDA RHGL |
Ojibwa Drug, Hemostat Infusion of root bark used as a 'hemostatic.' Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 354 |
| Rhus glabra L. Smooth Sumac USDA RHGL |
Ojibwa Drug, Unspecified Bark and berries used for medicinal purposes. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 234 |
| Rhus glabra L. Smooth Sumac USDA RHGL |
Ojibwa Drug, Unspecified Poultice of leaves used for unspecified conditions. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 354 |
| Rhus glabra L. Smooth Sumac USDA RHGL |
Ojibwa Dye, Orange Inner bark and central pith of the stem mixed with bloodroot and used for the orange color. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 424 |
| Rhus glabra L. Smooth Sumac USDA RHGL |
Ojibwa Food, Beverage Fresh or dried berries sweetened with maple sugar & made into a hot or cool beverage like lemonade. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 397 |
| Rhus glabra L. Smooth Sumac USDA RHGL |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Dermatological Aid Decoction of branches with seed heads used for an itchy scalp condition. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 59 |
| Rhus glabra L. Smooth Sumac USDA RHGL |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Dermatological Aid Milky latex used as a salve on sores. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 59 |
| Rhus glabra L. Smooth Sumac USDA RHGL |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Gynecological Aid Decoction of seed heads taken by women during childbirth. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 59 |
| Rhus glabra L. Smooth Sumac USDA RHGL |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Heart Medicine Infusion of bark &/or roots taken & applied externally to the chest for a 'tight chest.' Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 59 |
| Rhus glabra L. Smooth Sumac USDA RHGL |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Other Decoction of branches with seed heads used as bathing water for frost bitten limbs. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 59 |
| Rhus glabra L. Smooth Sumac USDA RHGL |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Venereal Aid Decoction of seed heads used as bathing water for gonorrhea. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 59 |
| Rhus glabra L. Smooth Sumac USDA RHGL |
Okanagan-Colville Food, Beverage Seed heads used to make tea. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 59 |
| Rhus glabra L. Smooth Sumac USDA RHGL |
Okanagan-Colville Other, Season Indicator Leaves changing color used as an indication that the sockeye salmon were spawning. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 59 |