| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Navajo, Ramah Other, Containers Split stems used to make baskets, water bottles and basket sacks. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 35 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Navajo, Ramah Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Large stems used to make bows. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 35 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Navajo, Ramah Other, Weapon Six foot stems made into spear shafts used for thrusting in warfare, not thrown or used in hunting. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 35 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Paiute Drug, Dermatological Aid Dried, powdered fruits used as an astringent for smallpox sores. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 129 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Panamint Fiber, Basketry Formerly used as withes and splints for baskets. Kirk, R.E., 1952, Panamint Basketry, Masterkey 26(76-86):, page 78 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Pomo Fiber, Basketry Rods with bark used for coarse baskets, fish baskets and the coarsest kind of burden baskets. Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 296 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Round Valley Indian Drug, Dermatological Aid Dried, powdered berries used for smallpox sores. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 365 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Round Valley Indian Drug, Misc. Disease Remedy Dried, powdered berries used for smallpox sores. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 365 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Santa Clara Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Wood used to make bows. Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 49 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Shoshoni Food, Beverage Berries used to make a cooling drink. Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 440 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Shoshoni Food, Winter Use Food Berries kept in large quantities for future use. Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 440 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Tewa Fiber, Basketry Stems used to make baskets. Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 49 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Tewa Food, Fruit Fruits eaten whole or ground. Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 49 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Wintoon Fiber, Basketry Long shoots used in making large storehouse baskets. Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 264 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Wintoon Food, Fruit Berries used for food. Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 264 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Yokia Drug, Dermatological Aid Dried, powdered berries used for smallpox sores. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 365 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Yokia Drug, Misc. Disease Remedy Dried, powdered berries used for smallpox sores. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 365 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Yokut Food, Fruit Sour berries gathered and used for food. Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 420 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Zuni Fiber, Basketry Stems, with the bark removed, used in making fine 'Apache' and other baskets. The bark covered stems were used to form patterns in the weave. Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 81 |
| Rhus trilobata var. pilosissima Engelm. Pubescent Squawbush USDA RHTRP |
Diegueno Drug, Eye Medicine Infusion of leaves used as a wash for babies' eyes. Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 37 |
| Rhus trilobata var. pilosissima Engelm. Pubescent Squawbush USDA RHTRP |
Diegueno Drug, Pediatric Aid Infusion of leaves used as a wash for babies' eyes. Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 37 |
| Rhus trilobata var. pilosissima Engelm. Pubescent Squawbush USDA RHTRP |
Diegueno Fiber, Basketry Stems split into thin splints, dried and used as wrapping material for baskets. Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 37 |
| Rhus trilobata var. pilosissima Engelm. Pubescent Squawbush USDA RHTRP |
Kawaiisu Fiber, Basketry Split stem strands used to make twined and coiled baskets. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 59 |
| Rhus trilobata var. pilosissima Engelm. Pubescent Squawbush USDA RHTRP |
Southwest Indians Fiber, Basketry Stems used to make the warp and weft of baskets. Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII. The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 35 |
| Rhus trilobata var. pilosissima Engelm. Pubescent Squawbush USDA RHTRP |
Yavapai Food, Beverage Mashed berries mixed with water or mescal syrup and used as a beverage. Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 257 |
| Rhus trilobata var. pilosissima Engelm. Pubescent Squawbush USDA RHTRP |
Yavapai Food, Unspecified Seeds used for food. Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 257 |
| Rhus trilobata var. trilobata Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Kiowa Food, Beverage Berries boiled into a 'tea.' Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 39 |
| Rhus trilobata var. trilobata Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Kiowa Food, Beverage Berries boiled into a 'tea.' Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 39 |
| Rhus trilobata var. trilobata Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Kiowa Food, Fruit Berries mixed with corn meal and eaten. Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 39 |
| Rhus trilobata var. trilobata Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Kiowa Food, Fruit Berries mixed with corn meal and eaten. Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 39 |
| Rhus trilobata var. trilobata Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Kiowa Other, Smoke Plant Leaves mixed with tobacco and used for smoking. Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 39 |
| Rhus trilobata var. trilobata Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Kiowa Other, Smoke Plant Leaves mixed with tobacco and used for smoking. Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 39 |
| Rhus trilobata var. trilobata Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Ute Food, Fruit Berries used for food. Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1909, Some Plant Names of the Ute Indians, American Anthropologist 11:27-40, page 36 |
| Rhus typhina L. Staghorn Sumac USDA RHHI2 |
Algonquin, Quebec Drug, Antirheumatic (Internal) Infusion of plant with choke cherry, oak, yellow birch and dogwood used for rheumatism. Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 192 |
| Rhus typhina L. Staghorn Sumac USDA RHHI2 |
Algonquin, Quebec Drug, Dietary Aid Infusion of fruits used as tonic to improve the appetite. Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 192 |
| Rhus typhina L. Staghorn Sumac USDA RHHI2 |
Algonquin, Quebec Drug, Unspecified Root used as a medicine. Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 192 |
| Rhus typhina L. Staghorn Sumac USDA RHHI2 |
Algonquin, Quebec Food, Beverage Berries steeped in water, sweetened with sugar and drunk like lemonade. Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 114 |
| Rhus typhina L. Staghorn Sumac USDA RHHI2 |
Cherokee Drug, Antiemetic Red berries eaten for vomiting. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 57 |
| Rhus typhina L. Staghorn Sumac USDA RHHI2 |
Cherokee Drug, Burn Dressing Infusion poured over sunburn blisters. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 57 |
| Rhus typhina L. Staghorn Sumac USDA RHHI2 |
Cherokee Drug, Gynecological Aid Infusion of bark taken 'to make human milk flow abundantly.' Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 57 |
| Rhus typhina L. Staghorn Sumac USDA RHHI2 |
Cherokee Drug, Urinary Aid Red berries chewed for bedwetting. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 57 |
| Rhus typhina L. Staghorn Sumac USDA RHHI2 |
Cherokee Dye, Black Berries used to make black dye. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 57 |
| Rhus typhina L. Staghorn Sumac USDA RHHI2 |
Cherokee Dye, Red Berries used to make red dye. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 57 |
| Rhus typhina L. Staghorn Sumac USDA RHHI2 |
Cherokee Food, Fruit Berries used for food. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 57 |
| Rhus typhina L. Staghorn Sumac USDA RHHI2 |
Chippewa Drug, Analgesic Decoction of flowers taken for stomach pain. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 344 |
| Rhus typhina L. Staghorn Sumac USDA RHHI2 |
Chippewa Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Decoction of flowers taken for stomach pain. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 344 |
| Rhus typhina L. Staghorn Sumac USDA RHHI2 |
Delaware Drug, Venereal Aid Roots combined with purple cone-flower roots and used for venereal disease. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 33 |
| Rhus typhina L. Staghorn Sumac USDA RHHI2 |
Delaware, Oklahoma Drug, Venereal Aid Compound containing root used for venereal disease. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 28, 78 |
| Rhus typhina L. Staghorn Sumac USDA RHHI2 |
Delaware, Ontario Drug, Antidiarrheal Infusion of berries taken for diarrhea. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 69, 82 |
| Rhus typhina L. Staghorn Sumac USDA RHHI2 |
Iroquois Drug, Dietary Aid Wood pieces eaten by mothers to improve the milk. Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 51 |