| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Mahuna Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Plant used as appetite restorative for inactive stomach which refused food. Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 63 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Mahuna Fiber, Basketry Vine fibers used to make baskets. Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 63 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Mahuna Food, Fruit Berries eaten mainly to quench the thirst. Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 70 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Mewuk Fiber, Basketry Rods used in the fine, coiled baskets. Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 328 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Montana Indian Drug, Misc. Disease Remedy Powdered fruit applied as a lotion or dusted on the affected surface in cases of smallpox. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 21 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Montana Indian Food, Fruit Berries used for food. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 21 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Navajo Dye, Black Leaves used to make black dye for baskets and leather. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 60 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Navajo Dye, Blue Used to make a blue dye. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 60 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Navajo Dye, Mordant Ashes used in setting dyes. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 60 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Navajo Fiber, Basketry Split stems used to make baskets. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 60 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Navajo Fiber, Basketry Used to make carrying baskets. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 60 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Navajo Fiber, Sewing Material Used to sew water bottles. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 60 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Navajo Food, Beverage Berries ground, washed, mixed with water and used as a beverage. Steggerda, Morris, 1941, Navajo Foods and Their Preparation, Journal of the American Dietetic Association 17(3):217-25, page 222 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Navajo Food, Beverage Berries used to make juice. Lynch, Regina H., 1986, Cookbook, Chinle, AZ. Navajo Curriculum Center, Rough Rock Demonstration School, page 26 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Navajo Food, Bread & Cake Berries used to make cakes. Steggerda, Morris, 1941, Navajo Foods and Their Preparation, Journal of the American Dietetic Association 17(3):217-25, page 222 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Navajo Food, Dried Food Berries dried for future use. Lynch, Regina H., 1986, Cookbook, Chinle, AZ. Navajo Curriculum Center, Rough Rock Demonstration School, page 26 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Navajo Food, Fruit Berries boiled with meat. Steggerda, Morris, 1941, Navajo Foods and Their Preparation, Journal of the American Dietetic Association 17(3):217-25, page 222 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Navajo Food, Fruit Fruits eaten as they come off the bush. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 60 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Navajo Food, Fruit Fruits eaten fresh. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 48 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Navajo Food, Fruit Fruits ground with sugar in a little water and eaten. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 60 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Navajo Food, Porridge Berries ground, mixed with flour and sugar and made into a mush. Steggerda, Morris, 1941, Navajo Foods and Their Preparation, Journal of the American Dietetic Association 17(3):217-25, page 222 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Navajo Food, Porridge Fruits cooked into a gruel with corn meal. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 48 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Navajo Food, Porridge Fruits ground into a meal, cooked with cornmeal and eaten as a gruel. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 60 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Navajo Food, Staple Berries ground into a flour. Lynch, Regina H., 1986, Cookbook, Chinle, AZ. Navajo Curriculum Center, Rough Rock Demonstration School, page 26 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Navajo Food, Staple Fruits ground into a meal and eaten. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 60 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Navajo Other, Ceremonial Items Branch, with eagle down attached, carried by the dancers on the last night of the Mountain Chant. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 60 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Navajo Other, Ceremonial Items Pollen used in some ceremonies. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 60 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Navajo Other, Ceremonial Items Twigs used to make a light frame for the bag carried by the Hunchback in the Night Chant. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 60 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Navajo Other, Ceremonial Items Wood tied with yucca and used to make circle prayersticks. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 60 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Navajo Other, Containers Used to make 'bugaboos' to subdue insubordinate children. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 60 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Navajo Other, Containers Used to make water bottles. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 60 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Navajo Other, Decorations Twigs painted white and used to decorate masks for the Fringe Mouths in the Night Chant. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 60 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Navajo Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Small, sharpened stick driven into the reed shaft of an arrow and fastened with sinew. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 60 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Navajo Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Wood used to make bows. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 60 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Navajo Other, Sacred Items Used to make sacred baskets to hold sacred meal for rites. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 60 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Navajo, Kayenta Drug, Dermatological Aid Plant used as a lotion for poison ivy dermatitis. Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 31 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Navajo, Kayenta Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Plant used for bowel troubles. Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 31 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Navajo, Kayenta Fiber, Basketry Used as basket material. Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 31 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Analgesic Leaves chewed for stomachache. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 35, 36 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Contraceptive Decoction of leaves taken to induce impotency, as a means of contraception. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 35, 36 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of leaves used for itch and decoction of fruits used to prevent falling hair. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 35, 36 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Leaves chewed for stomachache. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 35, 36 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Gynecological Aid Decoction of root bark used to facilitate delivery of placenta. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 35, 36 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Navajo, Ramah Dye, Black Leaves boiled to dye basketry and wool black. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 35 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Navajo, Ramah Fiber, Basketry Split stems used to make baskets, water bottles and basket sacks. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 35 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Navajo, Ramah Fiber, Clothing Small stems used to make sun shades or hats. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 35 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Navajo, Ramah Food, Dried Food Fruit dried for later use, ground and soaked before using. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 35 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Navajo, Ramah Food, Fruit Fruit eaten raw, with sugar, sometimes ground and used with other foods, especially roasted corn. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 35 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Navajo, Ramah Food, Unspecified Inner bark used for food. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 35 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Navajo, Ramah Other, Ceremonial Items Used to make small hoops on cactus prayerstick of Chiricahua Windway. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 35 |