| Cucurbita foetidissima Kunth Missouri Gourd USDA CUFO |
Winnebago Drug, Panacea Root used for any ailment, according to the doctrine of signatures. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 116117 |
| Echinacea angustifolia DC. Blacksamson Echinacea USDA ECANA |
Winnebago Drug, Analgesic Juice used as wash for pain from burns. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 131 |
| Echinacea angustifolia DC. Blacksamson Echinacea USDA ECANA |
Winnebago Drug, Analgesic Plant used in smoke treatment for headache. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 131 |
| Echinacea angustifolia DC. Blacksamson Echinacea USDA ECANA |
Winnebago Drug, Antidote Plant used as an antidote for many poisonous conditions. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 131 |
| Echinacea angustifolia DC. Blacksamson Echinacea USDA ECANA |
Winnebago Drug, Burn Dressing Juice used as wash for pain from burns. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 131 |
| Echinacea angustifolia DC. Blacksamson Echinacea USDA ECANA |
Winnebago Drug, Burn Dressing Juice used by jugglers as wash for arms, to protect against boiling water. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 131 |
| Echinacea angustifolia DC. Blacksamson Echinacea USDA ECANA |
Winnebago Drug, Burn Dressing Plant used to make mouth insensitive to hot coals put in mouth for show. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 131 |
| Echinacea angustifolia DC. Blacksamson Echinacea USDA ECANA |
Winnebago Drug, Misc. Disease Remedy Poultice of plant applied to enlarged glands, as in mumps. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 131 |
| Echinacea angustifolia DC. Blacksamson Echinacea USDA ECANA |
Winnebago Drug, Other Plant used in the steambath to 'render the great heat endurable.' Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 131 |
| Echinacea angustifolia DC. Blacksamson Echinacea USDA ECANA |
Winnebago Drug, Snake Bite Remedy Plant used for snake and other venomous bites and stings in unspecified ways. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 131 |
| Echinacea angustifolia DC. Blacksamson Echinacea USDA ECANA |
Winnebago Drug, Toothache Remedy Plant applied to tooth for toothache. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 131 |
| Echinacea angustifolia DC. Blacksamson Echinacea USDA ECANA |
Winnebago Drug, Veterinary Aid Plant used in smoke treatment for horses with distemper. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 131 |
| Equisetum sp. Mare's Tail |
Winnebago Other, Toys & Games Stems used by children to make whistles. The elders warned children not to use the stems as whistles as they might cause the appearance of snakes. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 63 |
| Erythronium mesochoreum Knerr Midland Fawnlily USDA ERME15 |
Winnebago Food, Unspecified Raw plant, freshly dug in springtime, eaten avidly by children. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 71 |
| Euonymus atropurpurea Jacq. Eastern Wahoo USDA EUATA |
Winnebago Drug, Gynecological Aid Decoction of inner bark taken for uterine trouble. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 102 |
| Fragaria vesca ssp. americana (Porter) Staudt Woodland Strawberry USDA FRVEA2 |
Winnebago Food, Beverage Young leaves used to make a tea like beverage. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 84 |
| Fragaria vesca ssp. americana (Porter) Staudt Woodland Strawberry USDA FRVEA2 |
Winnebago Food, Fruit Fruit used for food. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 84 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Winnebago Food, Beverage Young leaves used to make a tea like beverage. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 84 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Winnebago Food, Fruit Fruit used for food. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 84 |
| Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. Green Ash USDA FRPE |
Winnebago Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Wood used to make bows. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 108 |
| Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. Green Ash USDA FRPE |
Winnebago Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Young stems used to make arrow shafts. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 108 |
| Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. Green Ash USDA FRPE |
Winnebago Other, Smoking Tools Wood used to make pipe stems. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 108 |
| Gentiana saponaria L. Harvestbells USDA GESAS |
Winnebago Drug, Tonic Simple or compound decoction of root taken as a tonic. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 109 |
| Gymnocladus dioicus (L.) K. Koch Kentucky Coffeetree USDA GYDI |
Winnebago Drug, Laxative Infusion of root used as an enema and infallible remedy for constipation. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 89, 90 |
| Gymnocladus dioicus (L.) K. Koch Kentucky Coffeetree USDA GYDI |
Winnebago Drug, Stimulant Pulverized root bark used as snuff to cause sneezing in comatose patient. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 89, 90 |
| Gymnocladus dioicus (L.) K. Koch Kentucky Coffeetree USDA GYDI |
Winnebago Food, Unspecified Seeds pounded in a mortar and used for food. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 89 |
| Gymnocladus dioicus (L.) K. Koch Kentucky Coffeetree USDA GYDI |
Winnebago Other, Toys & Games Seeds used as counters or tally checks in gambling. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 89 |
| Helianthus tuberosus L. Jerusalem Artichoke USDA HETU |
Winnebago Food, Unspecified Noncultivated tubers eaten raw, boiled or roasted. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 131 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Winnebago Drug, Anticonvulsive Plant tops used in smoke treatment for convulsions. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 107 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Winnebago Drug, Stimulant Plant tops used in smoke treatment for fainting. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 107 |
| Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv. Vanillagrass USDA HIALA |
Winnebago Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Plant used as incense in ceremony to invoke good powers and in peace ceremony. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 66 |
| Juglans nigra L. Black Walnut USDA JUNI |
Winnebago Dye, Black Nuts used to make a black dye. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 74 |
| Juglans nigra L. Black Walnut USDA JUNI |
Winnebago Food, Soup Nuts used to make soup. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 74 |
| Juglans nigra L. Black Walnut USDA JUNI |
Winnebago Food, Unspecified Nuts eaten plain or with honey. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 74 |
| Linum lewisii Pursh Prairie Flax USDA LIPE2 |
Winnebago Food, Unspecified Seeds used in cooking for the nutritive value and agreeable flavor. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 98 |
| Lomatium foeniculaceum ssp. daucifolium (Torr. & Gray) Theobald Desert Biscuitroot USDA LOFOD |
Winnebago Drug, Love Medicine Compound containing seeds used by men as a love charm. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 107 |
| Lophophora williamsii (Lem. ex Salm-Dyck) Coult. Peyote USDA LOWI |
Winnebago Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Plant revered and used in important ritual and ceremonial sacraments. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 104105 |
| Mentha arvensis L. Canadian Mint USDA MEAR4 |
Winnebago Drug, Carminative Sweetened infusion taken as a carminative or beverage. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 112113 |
| Mentha arvensis L. Canadian Mint USDA MEAR4 |
Winnebago Food, Beverage Plant used to make a tea like beverage enjoyed for its pleasing, aromatic flavor. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 112 |
| Mentha arvensis L. Canadian Mint USDA MEAR4 |
Winnebago Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Plant boiled with traps to deodorize them so that the smell of blood would not deter the animals. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 112 |
| Mentha arvensis L. Canadian Mint USDA MEAR4 |
Winnebago Other, Incense & Fragrance Plant boiled with traps to deodorize them so that the smell of blood would not deter the animals. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 112 |
| Monarda fistulosa L. Wildbergamot Beebalm USDA MOBR2 |
Winnebago Drug, Dermatological Aid Decoction of leaves used on pimples and other skin eruptions on the face. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 111 |
| Nelumbo lutea Willd. American Lotus USDA NELU |
Winnebago Food, Soup Hard, nut-like seeds cracked, freed from the shells and used with meat to make soup. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 79 |
| Nelumbo lutea Willd. American Lotus USDA NELU |
Winnebago Food, Unspecified Peeled tubers cooked with meat or hominy and used for food. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 79 |
| Nelumbo lutea Willd. American Lotus USDA NELU |
Winnebago Other, Ceremonial Items Plant characterized as having mystic powers. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 79 |
| Nicotiana quadrivalvis Pursh Indian Tobacco USDA NIQUQ |
Winnebago Other, Smoke Plant Plant cultivated and used for smoking. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 113114 |
| Osmorhiza longistylis (Torr.) DC. Longstyle Sweetroot USDA OSLO |
Winnebago Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of pounded root applied to wounds. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 107 |
| Pediomelum esculentum (Pursh) Rydb. Breadroot Scurfpea USDA PEES |
Winnebago Food, Dried Food Peeled roots braided and dried for winter use. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 92 |
| Pediomelum esculentum (Pursh) Rydb. Breadroot Scurfpea USDA PEES |
Winnebago Food, Unspecified Peeled roots eaten fresh and uncooked or cooked. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 92 |
| Physalis lanceolata Michx. Lanceleaf Groundcherry USDA PHHI8 |
Winnebago Drug, Analgesic Decoction of root used for headache and stomach trouble. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 113 |