| Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt. Hollyleaved Barberry USDA MAAQ2 |
Thompson Drug, Laxative Fruit considered an 'excellent laxative.' Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 187 |
| Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt. Hollyleaved Barberry USDA MAAQ2 |
Thompson Drug, Tonic Fruit eaten as a 'tonic.' Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 187 |
| Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt. Hollyleaved Barberry USDA MAAQ2 |
Thompson Drug, Venereal Aid Decoction of peeled, chopped roots taken for syphilis. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 187 |
| Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt. Hollyleaved Barberry USDA MAAQ2 |
Thompson Dye, Yellow Outer bark boiled to make a bright yellow dye used for basket materials. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 187 |
| Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt. Hollyleaved Barberry USDA MAAQ2 |
Thompson Food, Dried Food Fruit dried in the absence of any other fruit. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 187 |
| Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt. Hollyleaved Barberry USDA MAAQ2 |
Thompson Food, Fruit Fruit eaten fresh, a few at a time. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 187 |
| Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt. Hollyleaved Barberry USDA MAAQ2 |
Thompson Food, Preserves Fruit used to make jelly. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 187 |
| Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt. Hollyleaved Barberry USDA MAAQ2 |
Yurok Dye, Yellow Root used to dye porcupine quills yellow. Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 38 |
| Mahonia dictyota (Jepson) Fedde Shining Netvein Barberry USDA MADI11 |
Kawaiisu Drug, Venereal Aid Decoction of roots taken for gonorrhea. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 15 |
| Mahonia fremontii (Torr.) Fedde Fremont's Mahonia USDA MAFR3 |
Apache, White Mountain Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Plant used for ceremonial purposes. Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 155 |
| Mahonia fremontii (Torr.) Fedde Fremont's Mahonia USDA MAFR3 |
Havasupai Dye, Yellow Roots used as a yellow buckskin dye. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 219 |
| Mahonia fremontii (Torr.) Fedde Fremont's Mahonia USDA MAFR3 |
Hopi Drug, Oral Aid Plant used for gums. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 33, 76 |
| Mahonia fremontii (Torr.) Fedde Fremont's Mahonia USDA MAFR3 |
Hopi Other, Tools Wood used to make various tools. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 76 |
| Mahonia fremontii (Torr.) Fedde Fremont's Mahonia USDA MAFR3 |
Hualapai Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Roots used as a bitter tonic to promote digestion. Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 5 |
| Mahonia fremontii (Torr.) Fedde Fremont's Mahonia USDA MAFR3 |
Hualapai Drug, Laxative Roots made into a bitter tonic and used as a laxative. Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 5 |
| Mahonia fremontii (Torr.) Fedde Fremont's Mahonia USDA MAFR3 |
Hualapai Drug, Liver Aid Roots used as a bitter tonic for the liver. Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 5 |
| Mahonia fremontii (Torr.) Fedde Fremont's Mahonia USDA MAFR3 |
Hualapai Dye, Yellow Roots used to make a brilliant yellow dye. Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 5 |
| Mahonia fremontii (Torr.) Fedde Fremont's Mahonia USDA MAFR3 |
Hualapai Food, Beverage Berries used to make a beverage. Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 5 |
| Mahonia fremontii (Torr.) Fedde Fremont's Mahonia USDA MAFR3 |
Hualapai Food, Fruit Berries used for food. Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 5 |
| Mahonia fremontii (Torr.) Fedde Fremont's Mahonia USDA MAFR3 |
Navajo Dye, Yellow Roots and bark used as a yellow dye for buckskin. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 48 |
| Mahonia fremontii (Torr.) Fedde Fremont's Mahonia USDA MAFR3 |
Walapai Dye, Yellow Roots used as a yellow basket dye. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 219 |
| Mahonia fremontii (Torr.) Fedde Fremont's Mahonia USDA MAFR3 |
Yavapai Food, Fruit Raw berries used for food. Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 257 |
| Mahonia fremontii (Torr.) Fedde Fremont's Mahonia USDA MAFR3 |
Zuni Other, Ceremonial Items Crushed berries used as purple coloring for the skin and for objects employed in ceremonies. Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 88 |
| Mahonia fremontii (Torr.) Fedde Fremont's Mahonia USDA MAFR3 |
Zuni Other, Paint Crushed berries used as purple coloring for the skin and for objects employed in ceremonies. Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 88 |
| Mahonia haematocarpa (Woot.) Fedde Red Barberry USDA MAHA4 |
Apache Food, Fruit Berries eaten fresh. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 19 |
| Mahonia haematocarpa (Woot.) Fedde Red Barberry USDA MAHA4 |
Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero Food, Preserves Fruit cooked with a sweet substance, strained and eaten as jelly. Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 46 |
| Mahonia haematocarpa (Woot.) Fedde Red Barberry USDA MAHA4 |
Apache, Mescalero Drug, Eye Medicine Inner wood shavings soaked in water and used as an eyewash. Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 49 |
| Mahonia haematocarpa (Woot.) Fedde Red Barberry USDA MAHA4 |
Apache, Mescalero Dye, Yellow Root shavings used to make a yellow dye for hides. Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 49 |
| Mahonia haematocarpa (Woot.) Fedde Red Barberry USDA MAHA4 |
Apache, Mescalero Food, Fruit Berries eaten fresh. Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 49 |
| Mahonia haematocarpa (Woot.) Fedde Red Barberry USDA MAHA4 |
Pueblo Food, Preserves Berries used to make jelly. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 19 |
| Mahonia haematocarpa (Woot.) Fedde Red Barberry USDA MAHA4 |
Spanish American Food, Preserves Berries used to make jelly. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 19 |
| Mahonia nervosa (Pursh) Nutt. Cascade Oregongrape USDA MANE2 |
Clallam Food, Fruit Sour berries used for food. Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 197 |
| Mahonia nervosa (Pursh) Nutt. Cascade Oregongrape USDA MANE2 |
Hoh Drug, Blood Medicine Infusion of roots used as a blood remedy. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 61 |
| Mahonia nervosa (Pursh) Nutt. Cascade Oregongrape USDA MANE2 |
Hoh Food, Preserves Berries used to make jelly. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 61 |
| Mahonia nervosa (Pursh) Nutt. Cascade Oregongrape USDA MANE2 |
Klallam Dye, Unspecified Roots used to dye basketry material. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 30 |
| Mahonia nervosa (Pursh) Nutt. Cascade Oregongrape USDA MANE2 |
Klallam Food, Fruit Berries used for food. Gunther, Erna, 1927, Klallam Ethnography, Seattle. University of Washington Press, page 197 |
| Mahonia nervosa (Pursh) Nutt. Cascade Oregongrape USDA MANE2 |
Kwakiutl, Southern Food, Fruit Sour berries occasionally used for food. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 279 |
| Mahonia nervosa (Pursh) Nutt. Cascade Oregongrape USDA MANE2 |
Makah Dye, Yellow Roots or possibly the leaves used for yellow dye. Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 254 |
| Mahonia nervosa (Pursh) Nutt. Cascade Oregongrape USDA MANE2 |
Makah Food, Preserves Fruit used to make preserves. Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 254 |
| Mahonia nervosa (Pursh) Nutt. Cascade Oregongrape USDA MANE2 |
Nitinaht Drug, Laxative Used as a laxative. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 98 |
| Mahonia nervosa (Pursh) Nutt. Cascade Oregongrape USDA MANE2 |
Nitinaht Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Used with hemlock and alder as drink for tuberculosis. Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 254 |
| Mahonia nervosa (Pursh) Nutt. Cascade Oregongrape USDA MANE2 |
Nitinaht Drug, Unspecified Bark used medicinally. Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 254 |
| Mahonia nervosa (Pursh) Nutt. Cascade Oregongrape USDA MANE2 |
Nitinaht Dye, Yellow Bark scrapings steeped and used as a yellow dye. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 98 |
| Mahonia nervosa (Pursh) Nutt. Cascade Oregongrape USDA MANE2 |
Paiute Drug, Blood Medicine Infusion of roots and leaves taken as a general tonic 'to make the blood good.' Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 72 |
| Mahonia nervosa (Pursh) Nutt. Cascade Oregongrape USDA MANE2 |
Paiute Drug, Hemostat Infusion of roots and leaves taken as a general tonic for nosebleeds. Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 72 |
| Mahonia nervosa (Pursh) Nutt. Cascade Oregongrape USDA MANE2 |
Quileute Drug, Blood Medicine Infusion of roots used as a blood remedy. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 61 |
| Mahonia nervosa (Pursh) Nutt. Cascade Oregongrape USDA MANE2 |
Quileute Food, Preserves Berries used to make jelly. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 61 |
| Mahonia nervosa (Pursh) Nutt. Cascade Oregongrape USDA MANE2 |
Salish, Coast Food, Preserves Berries used to make jelly. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 78 |
| Mahonia nervosa (Pursh) Nutt. Cascade Oregongrape USDA MANE2 |
Skagit Drug, Venereal Aid Decoction of roots taken for venereal disease. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 30 |
| Mahonia nervosa (Pursh) Nutt. Cascade Oregongrape USDA MANE2 |
Skagit Dye, Unspecified Roots used to dye basketry material. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 30 |