| Lycopodium obscurum L. Rare Clubmoss USDA LYOB |
Cree, Woodlands Other, Cooking Tools Plant used to separate raw fish eggs from the membranes. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 44 |
| Lycopodium obscurum L. Rare Clubmoss USDA LYOB |
Iroquois Drug, Blood Medicine Cold, compound decoction taken for weak blood. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 263 |
| Lycopodium obscurum L. Rare Clubmoss USDA LYOB |
Iroquois Drug, Gynecological Aid Decoction of root taken for change of life and resulting blindness and deafness. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 263 |
| Lycopodium obscurum L. Rare Clubmoss USDA LYOB |
Ojibwa Drug, Diuretic Plant combined with Diervilla lonicera and taken as a diuretic. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 375 |
| Lycopodium obscurum L. Rare Clubmoss USDA LYOB |
Potawatomi Drug, Hemostat Spores of fruiting spikes used as a styptic and coagulant. Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 64 |
| Lycopodium sp. Club Moss |
Algonquin, Quebec Drug, Gynecological Aid Used to make a medicinal tea for inducing labor and making childbirth easier. Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 120 |
| Lycopodium sp. Club Moss |
Algonquin, Quebec Drug, Pediatric Aid Used to make a medicinal tea for children with bladder trouble. Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 120 |
| Lycopodium sp. Club Moss |
Algonquin, Quebec Drug, Urinary Aid Used to make a medicinal tea for children with bladder trouble. Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 120 |
| Lycopodium sp. Club Moss |
Iroquois Drug, Anticonvulsive Compound decoction taken by men for epilepsy. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 262 |
| Lycopodium sp. Club Moss |
Iroquois Drug, Diuretic Compound decoction used as a diuretic. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 262 |
| Lycopodium sp. Club Moss |
Iroquois Drug, Hemostat Smoke (spores) from plant sprinkled on nosebleed. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 262 |
| Lycopodium sp. Club Moss |
Micmac Drug, Febrifuge Herb used for fever. Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 58 |
| Octoblephorum albidum Hedw. Moss |
Seminole Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Plant used for fire sickness: fever and body aches. Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 203 |
| Octoblephorum albidum Hedw. Moss |
Seminole Drug, Febrifuge Plant used for fire sickness: fever and body aches. Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 203 |
| Phlox subulata L. Moss Phlox USDA PHSUS2 |
Mahuna Drug, Antirheumatic (Internal) Plant used for rheumatism. Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 59 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Tanana, Upper Fiber, Basketry Roots used to sew birchbark baskets. Spruce roots were dug by hand or with an axe, preferably from a tree that was not crowded by other trees. The roots of a tree growing in an open place were less likely to be entangled with the roots of other trees and were therefore easier to dig. Spruce roots in moist ground where moss grows were also easier to gather than those found in dry soil. Before using spruce roots, the Upper Tanana peeled the bark off by hand or with a knife. After peeling them, they sometimes dyed them by boiling berries and soaking the roots in the juice. Spruce roots could be dried for future use but must be soaked in water to make them pliable before being used. They could be dug anytime during the year when the ground was not frozen. Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 2 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Tanana, Upper Fiber, Canoe Material Roots used for the bow of a canoe. Spruce roots were dug by hand or with an axe, preferably from a tree that was not crowded by other trees. The roots of a tree growing in an open place were less likely to be entangled with the roots of other trees and were therefore easier to dig. Spruce roots in moist ground where moss grows were also easier to gather than those found in dry soil. Before using spruce roots, the Upper Tanana peeled the bark off by hand or with a knife. After peeling them, they sometimes dyed them by boiling berries and soaking the roots in the juice. Spruce roots could be dried for future use but must be soaked in water to make them pliable before being used. They could be dug anytime during the year when the ground was not frozen. Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 2 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Tanana, Upper Fiber, Cordage Split or whole roots used to make line. Spruce roots were dug by hand or with an axe, preferably from a tree that was not crowded by other trees. The roots of a tree growing in an open place were less likely to be entangled with the roots of other trees and were therefore easier to dig. Spruce roots in moist ground where moss grows were also easier to gather than those found in dry soil. Before using spruce roots, the Upper Tanana peeled the bark off by hand or with a knife. After peeling them, they sometimes dyed them by boiling berries and soaking the roots in the juice. Spruce roots could be dried for future use but must be soaked in water to make them pliable before being used. They could be dug anytime during the year when the ground was not frozen. Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 2 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Tanana, Upper Other, Containers Roots woven into waterproof containers. Spruce roots were dug by hand or with an axe, preferably from a tree that was not crowded by other trees. The roots of a tree growing in an open place were less likely to be entangled with the roots of other trees and were therefore easier to dig. Spruce roots in moist ground where moss grows were also easier to gather than those found in dry soil. Before using spruce roots, the Upper Tanana peeled the bark off by hand or with a knife. After peeling them, they sometimes dyed them by boiling berries and soaking the roots in the juice. Spruce roots could be dried for future use but must be soaked in water to make them pliable before being used. They could be dug anytime during the year when the ground was not frozen. Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 2 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Tanana, Upper Other, Cooking Tools Bark made into a container and used to roast waterfowl eggs. The spruce bark was cut large enough to surround the eggs, tied around the eggs and the ends plugged with moss. Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 2 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Tanana, Upper Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Roots woven into dip nets. Spruce roots were dug by hand or with an axe, preferably from a tree that was not crowded by other trees. The roots of a tree growing in an open place were less likely to be entangled with the roots of other trees and were therefore easier to dig. Spruce roots in moist ground where moss grows were also easier to gather than those found in dry soil. Before using spruce roots, the Upper Tanana peeled the bark off by hand or with a knife. After peeling them, they sometimes dyed them by boiling berries and soaking the roots in the juice. Spruce roots could be dried for future use but must be soaked in water to make them pliable before being used. They could be dug anytime during the year when the ground was not frozen. Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 2 |
| Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P. Black Spruce USDA PIMA |
Cree, Woodlands Fiber, Building Material Small trees & boughs used in the construction of shelters made of brush & shelters for storing moss. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 49 |
| Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P. Black Spruce USDA PIMA |
Cree, Woodlands Fiber, Cordage Roots used to tie and secure the arched roof trees of the shelter for storing moss. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 49 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Oweekeno Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Pitch mixed with badge moss and used for arthritic joints. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 68 |
| Plagiomnium juniperinum Hair Cap Moss |
Heiltzuk Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Plant used as an anti-swelling medicine. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 53 |
| Polytrichum commune Hedw. Hair Moss |
Nitinaht Drug, Gynecological Aid Plant chewed by women in labor to speed up the process. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 59 |
| Ramalina Menziesii Spanish Moss |
Pomo, Kashaya Fiber, Clothing Used for baby diapers and other sanitary purposes. Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 123 |
| Selaginella densa Rydb. Lesser Spikemoss USDA SEDED |
Blackfoot Drug, Antihemorrhagic Infusion of plant taken for spitting up blood. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 74 |
| Selaginella densa Rydb. Lesser Spikemoss USDA SEDED |
Blackfoot Drug, Gynecological Aid Decoction of plant used to induce labor and expel the afterbirth. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 61 |
| Selaginella densa Rydb. Lesser Spikemoss USDA SEDED |
Blackfoot Drug, Narcotic Plant eaten by a starving man for its doping effect and to make one feel unusually strong. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 105 |
| Selaginella densa Rydb. Lesser Spikemoss USDA SEDED |
Blackfoot Drug, Veterinary Aid Powdered roots applied to the mouth of racehorses to make them hyperactive. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 90 |
| Selaginella densa Rydb. Lesser Spikemoss USDA SEDED |
Blackfoot Food, Spice Dried plant used to spice meat. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 105 |
| Selaginella densa Rydb. Lesser Spikemoss USDA SEDED |
Blackfoot Food, Starvation Food Very bitter berries eaten only through necessity and never stored. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 105 |
| Silene acaulis (L.) Jacq. Moss Campion USDA SIACE |
Gosiute Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Plant used for children with colic. Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 381 |
| Silene acaulis (L.) Jacq. Moss Campion USDA SIACE |
Gosiute Drug, Pediatric Aid Plant used for children with colic. Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 381 |
| Silene acaulis var. exscapa (All.) DC. Moss Campion USDA SIACE |
Eskimo, Inuktitut Food, Unspecified Raw root skins used for food. Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 182 |
| Sphagnum dusenii C. Jens. Sphagnum |
Ojibwa Fiber, Mats, Rugs & Bedding Moss gathered and dried to make mattresses. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 422 |
| Sphagnum sp. |
Potawatomi Fiber, Mats, Rugs & Bedding Dried moss used for making pillows and mattresses. Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 124 |
| Tillandsia usneoides (L.) L. Spanish Moss USDA TIUS |
Houma Drug, Febrifuge Decoction of moss taken for chills and fever. Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 59 |
| Tillandsia usneoides (L.) L. Spanish Moss USDA TIUS |
Houma Fiber, Cordage Dried fibers twisted and used for cordage. Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 59 |
| Tillandsia usneoides (L.) L. Spanish Moss USDA TIUS |
Houma Fiber, Mats, Rugs & Bedding Dried fibers twisted and used to make floor mats. Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 59 |
| Tillandsia usneoides (L.) L. Spanish Moss USDA TIUS |
Seminole Other, Cooking Tools Used to remove scum in cooking. Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 472 |
| Tillandsia usneoides (L.) L. Spanish Moss USDA TIUS |
Seminole Other, Hide Preparation Used for tanning. Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 472 |