| Abies sp. Balsam Fir |
Carrier Fiber, Building Material Wood used to make shingles for roofs. Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 70 |
| Abies sp. Balsam Fir |
Carrier Other, Hide Preparation Rotten wood used to smoke and tan skins. Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 70 |
| Abies sp. Balsam Fir |
Carrier, Northern Drug, Burn Dressing Gum used as an ointment on wounds, especially on burns. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51 |
| Abies sp. Balsam Fir |
Carrier, Northern Drug, Cathartic Decoction of bark taken as a purgative. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51 |
| Abies sp. Balsam Fir |
Carrier, Northern Drug, Dermatological Aid Gum used as an ointment on wounds, especially on burns. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51 |
| Abies sp. Balsam Fir |
Cheyenne Drug, Adjuvant Leaves and fungus burned on coals, with or without sweet grass, and used to strengthen medicines. Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 169 |
| Abies sp. Balsam Fir |
Cheyenne Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Leaves with fungus burned on coals with or without sweet grass used ceremonially to purify sickness. Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 169 |
| Abies sp. Balsam Fir |
Gitksan Drug, Cathartic Gum or mashed cones used as purgative and diuretic for consumption and gonorrhea. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51 |
| Abies sp. Balsam Fir |
Gitksan Drug, Dermatological Aid Gum or mashed cones applied to cuts and sores, especially gonorrheal sores. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51 |
| Abies sp. Balsam Fir |
Gitksan Drug, Diuretic Gum or mashed cones used as purgative and diuretic for consumption and gonorrhea. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51 |
| Abies sp. Balsam Fir |
Gitksan Drug, Laxative Juicy inner bark taken for constipation. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51 |
| Abies sp. Balsam Fir |
Gitksan Drug, Other Gum or mashed cones taken for many serious ailments. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51 |
| Abies sp. Balsam Fir |
Gitksan Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Gum or mashed cones used as purgative and diuretic for consumption. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51 |
| Abies sp. Balsam Fir |
Gitksan Drug, Venereal Aid Gum or mashed cones taken for gonorrhea and applied to gonorrheal sores. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51 |
| Abies sp. Balsam Fir |
Gitksan Drug, Venereal Aid Gum or mashed cones used as purgative and diuretic for gonorrhea. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51 |
| Abies sp. Balsam Fir |
Sikani Drug, Dermatological Aid Gum applied to wounds. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51 |
| Abies sp. Balsam Fir |
Thompson Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Decoction of shoots and bark taken for stomach trouble. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 462 |
| Abies sp. Balsam Fir |
Thompson Drug, Tonic Decoction of shoots and bark taken as a tonic. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 462 |
| Abies sp. Balsam Fir |
Thompson Food, Unspecified Gum chewed and swallowed. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 484 |
| Balsamita major Desf. Costmary USDA BAMA8 |
Iroquois Drug, Ear Medicine Infusion of one smashed leaf used as drops for earaches. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 472 |
| Balsamorhiza deltoidea Nutt. Deltoid Balsamroot USDA BADE2 |
Atsugewi Food, Bread & Cake Parched, winnowed, ground seeds made into cakes and eaten without cooking. Garth, Thomas R., 1953, Atsugewi Ethnography, Anthropological Records 14(2):140-141, page 139 |
| Balsamorhiza deltoidea Nutt. Deltoid Balsamroot USDA BADE2 |
Karok Food, Unspecified Peduncles used for food. Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 20 |
| Balsamorhiza deltoidea Nutt. Deltoid Balsamroot USDA BADE2 |
Kawaiisu Drug, Cold Remedy Decoction of split roots taken for colds. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 15 |
| Balsamorhiza deltoidea Nutt. Deltoid Balsamroot USDA BADE2 |
Kawaiisu Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of split roots taken for coughing. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 15 |
| Balsamorhiza deltoidea Nutt. Deltoid Balsamroot USDA BADE2 |
Klamath Food, Unspecified Roasted, ground seeds used for food. Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 106 |
| Balsamorhiza hookeri (Hook.) Nutt. Hooker's Balsamroot USDA BAHOH3 |
Atsugewi Food, Bread & Cake Parched, winnowed, ground seeds made into cakes and eaten without cooking. Garth, Thomas R., 1953, Atsugewi Ethnography, Anthropological Records 14(2):140-141, page 139 |
| Balsamorhiza hookeri (Hook.) Nutt. Hooker's Balsamroot USDA BAHOH3 |
Gosiute Food, Unspecified Seeds used for food. Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 363 |
| Balsamorhiza hookeri (Hook.) Nutt. Hooker's Balsamroot USDA BAHOH3 |
Okanagan-Colville Food, Unspecified Roots pit cooked and eaten. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 80 |
| Balsamorhiza hookeri (Hook.) Nutt. Hooker's Balsamroot USDA BAHOH3 |
Paiute, Northern Food, Unspecified Roots used for food. Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 43 |
| Balsamorhiza hookeri var. hirsuta (Nutt.) A. Nels. Hairy Balsamroot USDA BAHOH |
Paiute Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Decoction of root considered good for severe stomach. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 50 |
| Balsamorhiza hookeri var. hirsuta (Nutt.) A. Nels. Hairy Balsamroot USDA BAHOH |
Paiute Drug, Urinary Aid Decoction of root considered good for bladder troubles. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 50 |
| Balsamorhiza hookeri var. hirsuta (Nutt.) A. Nels. Hairy Balsamroot USDA BAHOH |
Washo Drug, Gynecological Aid Decoction of root taken for female complaints. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 50 |
| Balsamorhiza incana Nutt. Hoary Balsamroot USDA BAIN |
Cheyenne Drug, Analgesic Decoction of leaves, roots and stems taken for stomach pains. Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 189 |
| Balsamorhiza incana Nutt. Hoary Balsamroot USDA BAIN |
Cheyenne Drug, Analgesic Decoction of leaves, roots and stems used as a steam bath for headaches. Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 189 |
| Balsamorhiza incana Nutt. Hoary Balsamroot USDA BAIN |
Cheyenne Drug, Cold Remedy Infusion of leaves, stems and roots taken for colds. Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 20 |
| Balsamorhiza incana Nutt. Hoary Balsamroot USDA BAIN |
Cheyenne Drug, Cold Remedy Plant used for colds. Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 189 |
| Balsamorhiza incana Nutt. Hoary Balsamroot USDA BAIN |
Cheyenne Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Decoction of leaves, roots and stems taken for stomach pains. Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 189 |
| Balsamorhiza incana Nutt. Hoary Balsamroot USDA BAIN |
Cheyenne Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Infusion of leaves, stems and roots taken for stomach pains. Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 20 |
| Balsamorhiza incana Nutt. Hoary Balsamroot USDA BAIN |
Nez Perce Food, Unspecified Thick roots eaten raw. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 7 |
| Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt. Arrowleaf Balsamroot USDA BASA3 |
Atsugewi Food, Bread & Cake Parched, winnowed, ground seeds made into cakes and eaten without cooking. Garth, Thomas R., 1953, Atsugewi Ethnography, Anthropological Records 14(2):140-141, page 139 |
| Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt. Arrowleaf Balsamroot USDA BASA3 |
Blackfoot Drug, Antirheumatic (Internal) Root smudge smoke inhaled for body aches. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 78 |
| Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt. Arrowleaf Balsamroot USDA BASA3 |
Blackfoot Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of chewed roots applied to blisters and sores. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 75 |
| Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt. Arrowleaf Balsamroot USDA BASA3 |
Blackfoot Other, Cooking Tools Leaves used in roasting camas roots. McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 277 |
| Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt. Arrowleaf Balsamroot USDA BASA3 |
Blackfoot Other, Incense & Fragrance Roots used as incense during the Planting ceremonies of the Tobacco Society. A horse was encouraged to stand near a smudge of roots. Then a rider leapt on the horse and galloped across the planting grounds, stopping only to deposit small offerings to the Small People. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 47 |
| Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt. Arrowleaf Balsamroot USDA BASA3 |
Blackfoot Other, Incense & Fragrance Roots used as incense during the preparatory rites for the ceremonial runner. The ceremonial runner, in pre-horse days, had the duty of herding the buffalo toward the piskun (buffalo jump). The runner bathed himself in the smoke from a smudge of the dried root; according to tradition, that would enable him to run long distances--more than twenty miles a day. The runner wore special moccasins, which were transferable annually. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 47 |
| Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt. Arrowleaf Balsamroot USDA BASA3 |
Blackfoot Other, Incense & Fragrance Roots used as incense for the Crow feather headpiece during the transfer ceremony of Beaver bundle. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 47 |
| Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt. Arrowleaf Balsamroot USDA BASA3 |
Cheyenne Drug, Analgesic Decoction of leaves, roots and stems taken for stomach pains. Grinnell, George Bird, 1905, Some Cheyenne Plant Medicines, American Anthropologist 7:37-43, page 38, 39 |
| Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt. Arrowleaf Balsamroot USDA BASA3 |
Cheyenne Drug, Analgesic Infusion of leaves, roots and stems taken for stomach pains and headaches. Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 189 |
| Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt. Arrowleaf Balsamroot USDA BASA3 |
Cheyenne Drug, Analgesic Steam of decoction of plant inhaled for headache and used as wash on head. Grinnell, George Bird, 1905, Some Cheyenne Plant Medicines, American Anthropologist 7:37-43, page 38 |
| Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt. Arrowleaf Balsamroot USDA BASA3 |
Cheyenne Drug, Cold Remedy Infusion of leaves, stems and roots taken for colds. Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 20 |