| Juniperus communis L. Common Juniper USDA JUCOD |
Thompson Drug, Tonic Decoction of small branches used as a tonic. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 42 |
| Juniperus communis L. Common Juniper USDA JUCOD |
Thompson Drug, Tonic Decoction of twigs taken as a tonic for the stomach. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 474 |
| Juniperus communis L. Common Juniper USDA JUCOD |
Thompson Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Branches used for tuberculosis. It was said that for the medicine to be really effective, the boughs should be taken from a plant growing all by itself. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 92 |
| Juniperus communis L. Common Juniper USDA JUCOD |
Thompson Food, Beverage Small pieces of branches used to make a tea like beverage. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 92 |
| Juniperus communis L. Common Juniper USDA JUCOD |
Thompson Other, Soap Stems and leaf whorls boiled and used as a body wash by hunters, warriors and widowers. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 505 |
| Juniperus communis var. montana Ait. Common Juniper USDA JUCOM2 |
Arapaho Drug, Disinfectant Needles burned as a disinfectant. Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 46 |
| Juniperus communis var. montana Ait. Common Juniper USDA JUCOM2 |
Arapaho Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Infusion of needles taken for bowel troubles. Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 46 |
| Juniperus communis var. montana Ait. Common Juniper USDA JUCOM2 |
Arapaho Drug, Misc. Disease Remedy Ground needles scent used to drive smallpox away. Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks. Originally published in 1959, page 50 |
| Juniperus communis var. montana Ait. Common Juniper USDA JUCOM2 |
Arapaho Other, Incense & Fragrance Needles ground and used for their scent. Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 46 |
| Juniperus communis var. montana Ait. Common Juniper USDA JUCOM2 |
Cheyenne Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion of leaves used for coughs. Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 169 |
| Juniperus communis var. montana Ait. Common Juniper USDA JUCOM2 |
Cheyenne Drug, Cough Medicine One or two berries chewed and the juice swallowed for bad coughs. Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 169 |
| Juniperus communis var. montana Ait. Common Juniper USDA JUCOM2 |
Cheyenne Drug, Throat Aid Infusion of leaves used for a tickling in the throat. Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 169 |
| Juniperus communis var. montana Ait. Common Juniper USDA JUCOM2 |
Gitksan Drug, Witchcraft Medicine Boughs, red elder bark and cow parsnip roots used for evil witchcraft victims. Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J. and Beverley Anderson, 1988, Gitksan Traditional Medicine: Herbs And Healing, Journal of Ethnobiology 8(1):13-33, page 25 |
| Juniperus communis var. montana Ait. Common Juniper USDA JUCOM2 |
Gitksan Other, Ceremonial Items Boughs burned as a fumigant to purify dwellings. Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J. and Beverley Anderson, 1988, Gitksan Traditional Medicine: Herbs And Healing, Journal of Ethnobiology 8(1):13-33, page 25 |
| Juniperus communis var. montana Ait. Common Juniper USDA JUCOM2 |
Jemez Food, Beverage Leaves boiled into a beverage similar to coffee. Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 24 |
| Juniperus communis var. montana Ait. Common Juniper USDA JUCOM2 |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Decoction of plant used as a ceremonial emetic. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 12 |
| Juniperus communis var. montana Ait. Common Juniper USDA JUCOM2 |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction taken and used as lotion for fever or 'big cough.' Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 12 |
| Juniperus communis var. montana Ait. Common Juniper USDA JUCOM2 |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Emetic Decoction of plant used as a ceremonial emetic. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 12 |
| Juniperus communis var. montana Ait. Common Juniper USDA JUCOM2 |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Febrifuge Decoction of plant used internally and externally for fever. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 12 |
| Juniperus communis var. montana Ait. Common Juniper USDA JUCOM2 |
Navajo, Ramah Other, Smoke Plant Dried fruits added to flavor tobacco. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 12 |
| Juniperus communis var. montana Ait. Common Juniper USDA JUCOM2 |
Ojibwa Fiber, Building Material Bark used to build houses, wigwams and wickiups. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245 |
| Juniperus communis var. montana Ait. Common Juniper USDA JUCOM2 |
Ojibwa Fiber, Building Material Split strips or stakes used to make a pen to enclose graves. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245 |
| Juniperus communis var. montana Ait. Common Juniper USDA JUCOM2 |
Ojibwa Fiber, Furniture Wood used to make cradle boards. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245 |
| Juniperus communis var. montana Ait. Common Juniper USDA JUCOM2 |
Ojibwa Fiber, Mats, Rugs & Bedding Bark used to make mats. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245 |
| Juniperus communis var. montana Ait. Common Juniper USDA JUCOM2 |
Ojibwa Fiber, Mats, Rugs & Bedding Inner bark crushed and used to pad cradle boards. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245 |
| Juniperus communis var. montana Ait. Common Juniper USDA JUCOM2 |
Ojibwa Other, Cash Crop Pulp wood and wood posts sold to make paper and fencing. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245 |
| Juniperus communis var. montana Ait. Common Juniper USDA JUCOM2 |
Ojibwa Other, Ceremonial Items Split strips thatched and placed on graves. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245 |
| Juniperus communis var. montana Ait. Common Juniper USDA JUCOM2 |
Paiute Drug, Blood Medicine Seeds from dried fruit eaten as a blood tonic. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 91, 92 |
| Juniperus communis var. montana Ait. Common Juniper USDA JUCOM2 |
Paiute Drug, Orthopedic Aid Seeds from dried fruit eaten for lumbago. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 91, 92 |
| Juniperus communis var. montana Ait. Common Juniper USDA JUCOM2 |
Paiute Drug, Tonic Seeds from dried fruit eaten as a blood tonic. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 91, 92 |
| Juniperus communis var. montana Ait. Common Juniper USDA JUCOM2 |
Paiute Drug, Venereal Aid Cold decoction of twigs taken for venereal disease. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 91, 92 |
| Juniperus communis var. montana Ait. Common Juniper USDA JUCOM2 |
Shoshoni Drug, Blood Medicine Decoction of branches taken as a blood tonic. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 91, 92 |
| Juniperus communis var. montana Ait. Common Juniper USDA JUCOM2 |
Shoshoni Drug, Tonic Decoction of branches taken as a blood tonic. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 91, 92 |
| Juniperus communis var. montana Ait. Common Juniper USDA JUCOM2 |
Tolowa Other, Decorations Dried berries used to decorate dresses. Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 34 |
| Juniperus communis var. montana Ait. Common Juniper USDA JUCOM2 |
Tolowa Other, Jewelry Dried berries used for beads to make necklaces. Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 34 |
| Juniperus communis var. montana Ait. Common Juniper USDA JUCOM2 |
Yurok Other, Decorations Dried berries used to decorate dresses. Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 34 |
| Juniperus deppeana Steud. Alligator Juniper USDA JUDE2 |
Apache Food, Fruit Berries boiled for food. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 32 |
| Juniperus deppeana Steud. Alligator Juniper USDA JUDE2 |
Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero Food, Fruit Raw fruit eaten fresh. Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 45 |
| Juniperus deppeana Steud. Alligator Juniper USDA JUDE2 |
Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero Food, Preserves Berries boiled and made into jelly or preserves. Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 45 |
| Juniperus deppeana Steud. Alligator Juniper USDA JUDE2 |
Isleta Food, Fruit Berries boiled for food. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 32 |
| Juniperus deppeana Steud. Alligator Juniper USDA JUDE2 |
Isleta Food, Fruit Large fruit boiled and eaten as food. Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 33 |
| Juniperus deppeana Steud. Alligator Juniper USDA JUDE2 |
Navajo, Ramah Food, Fruit Fruit eaten raw or boiled and ground. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 12 |
| Juniperus deppeana Steud. Alligator Juniper USDA JUDE2 |
Navajo, Ramah Food, Winter Use Food Fruit stored for winter use. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 12 |
| Juniperus deppeana Steud. Alligator Juniper USDA JUDE2 |
San Felipe Food, Fruit Berries boiled for food. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 32 |
| Juniperus deppeana Steud. Alligator Juniper USDA JUDE2 |
Yavapai Food, Beverage Ground berries made into a meal, water added and used as a beverage. Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 257 |
| Juniperus deppeana Steud. Alligator Juniper USDA JUDE2 |
Yavapai Food, Beverage Pulverized berries soaked in water, put in mouth and juice sucked, the solid matter spat out. Gifford, E. W., 1932, The Southeastern Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 29:177-252, page 212 |
| Juniperus deppeana Steud. Alligator Juniper USDA JUDE2 |
Yavapai Food, Bread & Cake Ground berries made into a meal, stored in baskets and later made into a cake by dampening. Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 257 |
| Juniperus deppeana Steud. Alligator Juniper USDA JUDE2 |
Yavapai Food, Staple Ground berries made into a meal, water added and used as a beverage. Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 257 |
| Juniperus deppeana Steud. Alligator Juniper USDA JUDE2 |
Yavapai Other, Fuel Dead wood used for fuel. Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 259 |
| Juniperus horizontalis Moench Creeping Juniper USDA JUHO2 |
Blackfoot Drug, Kidney Aid Used for kidney problems. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 37 |