| Alnus incana (L.) Moench Mountain Alder USDA ALINR |
Navajo Dye, Red Powdered bark used as a reddish dye. A dull reddish dye was made from the alder and several other plants. The woman first burned some of the twigs of the juniper or spruce then crushed and boiled the root bark of the mountain mahogany. Only the bark was used because the roots themselves contain no color bearing material. To this was added the powdered bark of the alder together with a ground lichen. This was put together and boiled until it was thought to be right, then it was strained and the wool or yarn was soaked in it overnight. This produced a dull reddish color on wool and a fine tan color on buckskin. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 39 |
| Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung Thinleaf Alder USDA ALINT |
Navajo Dye, Brown Powdered bark used as a tan dye. A dull reddish dye was made from the alder and several other plants. The woman first burned some of the twigs of the juniper or spruce then crushed and boiled the root bark of the mountain mahogany. Only the bark was used because the roots themselves contain no color bearing material. To this was added the powdered bark of the alder together with a ground lichen. This was put together and boiled until it was thought to be right, then it was strained and the wool or yarn was soaked in it overnight. This produced a dull reddish color on wool and a fine tan color on buckskin. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 39 |
| Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung Thinleaf Alder USDA ALINT |
Navajo Dye, Red Powdered bark used as a reddish dye. A dull reddish dye was made from the alder and several other plants. The woman first burned some of the twigs of the juniper or spruce then crushed and boiled the root bark of the mountain mahogany. Only the bark was used because the roots themselves contain no color bearing material. To this was added the powdered bark of the alder together with a ground lichen. This was put together and boiled until it was thought to be right, then it was strained and the wool or yarn was soaked in it overnight. This produced a dull reddish color on wool and a fine tan color on buckskin. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 39 |
| Artemisia filifolia Torr. Sand Sagebrush USDA ARFI2 |
Hopi Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Infusion of plant and juniper branches taken for indigestion. Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 288 |
| Artemisia filifolia Torr. Sand Sagebrush USDA ARFI2 |
Tewa Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Infusion of plant and juniper branches taken for indigestion. Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 288 |
| Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt. Arrowleaf Balsamroot USDA BASA3 |
Paiute Food, Pie & Pudding Ground seed meal and juniper berries used to make a pudding. Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks. Originally published in 1959, page 26 |
| Castilleja linariifolia Benth. Wyoming Indian Paintbrush USDA CALI4 |
Hopi Other, Paint Root and juniper bark chewed, mixed with white clay and used as ceremonial paint. Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 297 |
| Castilleja linariifolia Benth. Wyoming Indian Paintbrush USDA CALI4 |
Tewa Other, Paint Root and juniper bark chewed, mixed with white clay and used as ceremonial paint. Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 297 |
| Chaetopappa ericoides (Torr.) Nesom Rose Heath USDA CHER2 |
Hopi Drug, Reproductive Aid Plant used to determine the sex of a child. This is quite an ambiguous reference. The text says this: 'This plant is used by the Hopi Indians as genetic factor among the Indian clans. Genetic factor refers to the choice of a small (female) or large (male) plant to assist in determining the sex of a child.' It is, therefore, unclear if the plant is used to detect whether the fetus is male or female, or to cause the child to be one or the other. Elsewhere, this author tells us that the Hopi make a decoction of the leaves of juniper 'which is said to be a laxative and is taken by women who desire a female child.' This suggests that the second possibility may be the correct one, with administration of large plants if you want a son and small ones if you want a daughter. Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 290 |
| Chimaphila umbellata (L.) W. Bart. Pipsissewa USDA CHUMC2 |
Malecite Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Infusion of plants and juniper roots used for consumption. Mechling, W.H., 1959, The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs, Anthropologica 8:239-263, page 251 |
| Cucumis melo L. Cantaloupe USDA CUME |
Hopi Other, Ceremonial Items Seeds mixed with juniper charcoal and water and made into a ceremonial body paint. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 93 |
| Delphinium geraniifolium Rydb. Clark Valley Larkspur USDA DEGE |
Hopi Drug, Gynecological Aid Decoction of plant and juniper used to bathe mother during the lying-in period. Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 307 |
| Delphinium scaposum Greene Tall Mountain Larkspur USDA DESC |
Hopi Drug, Gynecological Aid Decoction of plant and juniper used to bathe mother during the lying-in period. Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 308 |
| Fendlera rupicola Gray Cliff Fendlerbush USDA FERU |
Navajo, Kayenta Other, Ceremonial Items Boiled with juniper berries, pinon buds and corn meal and used in mush-eating ceremonies. Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 25 |
| Hedeoma nana (Torr.) Briq. Falsepennyroyal USDA HENAN |
Navajo Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Used by assistant during the War Dance. At noon of the third day of the War Dance, the body of the patient was painted black. Medicine was then made of yarrow, red juniper, pine needles and meadow rue, which were previously pulverized, then thrown into a bowl of water and stirred. This was then dabbed all over the patient who sipped the mixture before bathing his whole body in it. Foxtail grass and mock pennyroyal were then chewed by the assistant and sputtered on the patient. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 72 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Gitksan Drug, Witchcraft Medicine Roots, red elder bark and juniper boughs used as a smudge for evil witchcraft victims. Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J. and Beverley Anderson, 1988, Gitksan Traditional Medicine: Herbs And Healing, Journal of Ethnobiology 8(1):13-33, page 25 |
| Hymenoxys hoopesii (Gray) Bierner Owlsclaws USDA HYHO |
Navajo Dye, Yellow Crushed flowers boiled with juniper ash and used as a yellow dye. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 87 |
| Juniperus californica Carr. California Juniper USDA JUCA7 |
Apache, White Mountain Drug, Anticonvulsive Scorched twigs rubbed on body for fits. Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 158 |
| Juniperus californica Carr. California Juniper USDA JUCA7 |
Apache, White Mountain Drug, Cold Remedy Infusion of leaves taken for colds. Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 158 |
| Juniperus californica Carr. California Juniper USDA JUCA7 |
Apache, White Mountain Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion of leaves taken for coughs. Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 158 |
| Juniperus californica Carr. California Juniper USDA JUCA7 |
Apache, White Mountain Drug, Gynecological Aid Infusion of leaves taken by women previous to childbirth to relax muscles. Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 158 |
| Juniperus californica Carr. California Juniper USDA JUCA7 |
Cahuilla Food, Dried Food Berries sun dried and preserved for future use. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 81 |
| Juniperus californica Carr. California Juniper USDA JUCA7 |
Cahuilla Food, Fruit Berries eaten fresh. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 81 |
| Juniperus californica Carr. California Juniper USDA JUCA7 |
Cahuilla Food, Porridge Dried berries ground into a flour and used to make mush or bread. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 81 |
| Juniperus californica Carr. California Juniper USDA JUCA7 |
Costanoan Drug, Analgesic Decoction of leaves taken for pain. Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 6 |
| Juniperus californica Carr. California Juniper USDA JUCA7 |
Costanoan Drug, Diaphoretic Decoction of leaves taken to cause sweating. Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 6 |
| Juniperus californica Carr. California Juniper USDA JUCA7 |
Costanoan Food, Fruit Berries used for food. Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 248 |
| Juniperus californica Carr. California Juniper USDA JUCA7 |
Diegueno Drug, Analgesic Infusion of leaves and bark taken for hangovers. Hinton, Leanne, 1975, Notes on La Huerta Diegueno Ethnobotany, Journal of California Anthropology 2:214-222, page 216 |
| Juniperus californica Carr. California Juniper USDA JUCA7 |
Diegueno Drug, Hypotensive Infusion of leaves and bark taken for high blood pressures. Hinton, Leanne, 1975, Notes on La Huerta Diegueno Ethnobotany, Journal of California Anthropology 2:214-222, page 216 |
| Juniperus californica Carr. California Juniper USDA JUCA7 |
Diegueno Food, Fruit Fruit eaten, informally only. Hinton, Leanne, 1975, Notes on La Huerta Diegueno Ethnobotany, Journal of California Anthropology 2:214-222, page 216 |
| Juniperus californica Carr. California Juniper USDA JUCA7 |
Diegueno Food, Starvation Food Fruit eaten in times of starvation. Hinton, Leanne, 1975, Notes on La Huerta Diegueno Ethnobotany, Journal of California Anthropology 2:214-222, page 216 |
| Juniperus californica Carr. California Juniper USDA JUCA7 |
Gosiute Drug, Cold Remedy Infusion of leaves used for colds. Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 372 |
| Juniperus californica Carr. California Juniper USDA JUCA7 |
Gosiute Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion of leaves used for coughs. Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 372 |
| Juniperus californica Carr. California Juniper USDA JUCA7 |
Kawaiisu Fiber, Building Material Bark used as a house covering. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 35 |
| Juniperus californica Carr. California Juniper USDA JUCA7 |
Kawaiisu Food, Bread & Cake Berries seeded, pounded into a meal, moistened, molded into cakes and dried. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 35 |
| Juniperus californica Carr. California Juniper USDA JUCA7 |
Kawaiisu Food, Dried Food Unseeded berries dried and stored. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 35 |
| Juniperus californica Carr. California Juniper USDA JUCA7 |
Kawaiisu Food, Fruit Berries boiled fresh and eaten cold. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 35 |
| Juniperus californica Carr. California Juniper USDA JUCA7 |
Kawaiisu Food, Staple Berries seeded, pounded into a meal and eaten. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 35 |
| Juniperus californica Carr. California Juniper USDA JUCA7 |
Kawaiisu Other, Cooking Tools Wood used to make acorn mush stirrers and ladles. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 35 |
| Juniperus californica Carr. California Juniper USDA JUCA7 |
Kawaiisu Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Wood used as the primary material for making bows, either self bows or sinew backed. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 35 |
| Juniperus californica Carr. California Juniper USDA JUCA7 |
Mahuna Drug, Febrifuge Infusion of berries taken or berries chewed for grippe fevers. Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 9 |
| Juniperus californica Carr. California Juniper USDA JUCA7 |
Mahuna Drug, Misc. Disease Remedy Infusion of berries taken or berries chewed for grippe fevers. Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 9 |
| Juniperus californica Carr. California Juniper USDA JUCA7 |
Mendocino Indian Food, Dried Food Dried fruits boiled and eaten. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 306 |
| Juniperus communis L. Common Juniper USDA JUCOD |
Algonquin Drug, Other Used for 'cold' conditions, since plant was regarded as 'hot.' Bradley, Will T., 1936, Medical Practices of the New England Aborigines, Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association 25(2):138-147, page 142 |
| Juniperus communis L. Common Juniper USDA JUCOD |
Anticosti Food, Beverage Fruits, branches, potatoes, yeast and water boiled into a drink. Rousseau, Jacques, 1946, Notes Sur L'ethnobotanique D'anticosti, Archives de Folklore 1:60-71, page 64 |
| Juniperus communis L. Common Juniper USDA JUCOD |
Bella Coola Drug, Analgesic Decoction of roots, leaves, branches and bark taken for stomach pain. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 49 |
| Juniperus communis L. Common Juniper USDA JUCOD |
Bella Coola Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of root, leaves, branches and bark taken for 'cough from the lungs.' Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 49 |
| Juniperus communis L. Common Juniper USDA JUCOD |
Bella Coola Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Decoction of roots, leaves, branches and bark taken for stomach pain. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 49 |
| Juniperus communis L. Common Juniper USDA JUCOD |
Bella Coola Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Infusion of roots, leaves, branches and bark taken for heartburn. Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 197 |
| Juniperus communis L. Common Juniper USDA JUCOD |
Bella Coola Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Infusion of roots, leaves, branches and bark taken for stomach pains. Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 197 |