| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Thompson Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of bark taken over a period of time for bad coughs. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Thompson Drug, Dermatological Aid Decoction of bark taken over a period of time for bruises. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Thompson Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of pitch used alone for cuts or with Vaseline for sores. The pitch was smeared over injuries and covered with a bandage. In earlier times, animal fat was probably used in place of Vaseline Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Thompson Drug, Orthopedic Aid Decoction of bark taken over a period of time for sprains. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Thompson Drug, Panacea Pitch taken for any type of bad disease. If too much balsam pitch were taken, it could make one stout. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Thompson Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Decoction of boughs and/or bark taken for tuberculosis. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Thompson Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Inner bark eaten as a medicine for 'shadow on the chest,' the beginning of tuberculosis. It made the informant very sick with aching, flu like symptoms, but after that, she did not develop tuberculosis. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Thompson Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Pitch taken for tuberculosis. If too much balsam pitch were taken, it could make one stout. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Thompson Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Poultice of pitch and buttercup roots used for tuberculosis. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Thompson Drug, Unspecified Decoction of branches taken as medicine. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Thompson Fiber, Mats, Rugs & Bedding Boughs valued as bedding and temporary floor coverings and changed every two to three days. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Thompson Food, Unspecified Inner bark used for food. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Thompson Other, Incense & Fragrance Boiled boughs mixed with decoctions of other plants and deer grease and used to perfume the hair. The boiled boughs were mixed with decoctions of leaves from a broad leafed plant from the Okanagan, sweet grass from the Thompson River and deer grease and then used to perfume the hair. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Thompson Other, Soap Sweet smelling bough used by 'old people' to wash their skin, to give their bodies a nice scent. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Wet'suwet'en Drug, Cold Remedy Decoction of bark or inner bark used for colds. Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Wet'suwet'en Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of bark or inner bark used for coughs. Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Wet'suwet'en Drug, Misc. Disease Remedy Decoction of bark or inner bark used for flu. Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Wet'suwet'en Drug, Tonic Decoction of bark or inner bark used as a tonic. Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152 |
| Abies procera Rehd. Noble Fir USDA ABPR |
Paiute Drug, Cold Remedy Crumbled leaves smoked for colds. Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 45 |
| Abies procera Rehd. Noble Fir USDA ABPR |
Paiute Drug, Cold Remedy Dried branches stored for use as a cold remedy. Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 45 |
| Abies procera Rehd. Noble Fir USDA ABPR |
Paiute Drug, Cold Remedy Mashed leaves sewn into a sack placed around the child's neck 'for colds.' Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 45 |
| Abies procera Rehd. Noble Fir USDA ABPR |
Paiute Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of leaves taken as cough medicine. Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 45 |
| Abies procera Rehd. Noble Fir USDA ABPR |
Paiute Drug, Dermatological Aid Dried branches stored for use as a deodorant. Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 45 |
| Abies sp. Balsam Fir |
Carrier Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of chewed nodules applied to wounds. Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 71 |
| Abies sp. Balsam Fir |
Carrier Drug, Eye Medicine Poultice of pitch applied to injured eyes. Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 70 |
| Abies sp. Balsam Fir |
Carrier Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Decoction of tree warts and pitch taken for tuberculosis. Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 70 |
| Abies sp. Balsam Fir |
Carrier Fiber, Building Material Wood used to make shingles for roofs. Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 70 |
| Abies sp. Balsam Fir |
Carrier Other, Hide Preparation Rotten wood used to smoke and tan skins. Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 70 |
| Abies sp. Balsam Fir |
Carrier, Northern Drug, Burn Dressing Gum used as an ointment on wounds, especially on burns. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51 |
| Abies sp. Balsam Fir |
Carrier, Northern Drug, Cathartic Decoction of bark taken as a purgative. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51 |
| Abies sp. Balsam Fir |
Carrier, Northern Drug, Dermatological Aid Gum used as an ointment on wounds, especially on burns. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51 |
| Abies sp. Balsam Fir |
Cheyenne Drug, Adjuvant Leaves and fungus burned on coals, with or without sweet grass, and used to strengthen medicines. Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 169 |
| Abies sp. Balsam Fir |
Cheyenne Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Leaves with fungus burned on coals with or without sweet grass used ceremonially to purify sickness. Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 169 |
| Abies sp. Balsam Fir |
Gitksan Drug, Cathartic Gum or mashed cones used as purgative and diuretic for consumption and gonorrhea. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51 |
| Abies sp. Balsam Fir |
Gitksan Drug, Dermatological Aid Gum or mashed cones applied to cuts and sores, especially gonorrheal sores. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51 |
| Abies sp. Balsam Fir |
Gitksan Drug, Diuretic Gum or mashed cones used as purgative and diuretic for consumption and gonorrhea. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51 |
| Abies sp. Balsam Fir |
Gitksan Drug, Laxative Juicy inner bark taken for constipation. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51 |
| Abies sp. Balsam Fir |
Gitksan Drug, Other Gum or mashed cones taken for many serious ailments. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51 |
| Abies sp. Balsam Fir |
Gitksan Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Gum or mashed cones used as purgative and diuretic for consumption. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51 |
| Abies sp. Balsam Fir |
Gitksan Drug, Venereal Aid Gum or mashed cones taken for gonorrhea and applied to gonorrheal sores. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51 |
| Abies sp. Balsam Fir |
Gitksan Drug, Venereal Aid Gum or mashed cones used as purgative and diuretic for gonorrhea. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51 |
| Abies sp. Balsam Fir |
Sikani Drug, Dermatological Aid Gum applied to wounds. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51 |
| Abies sp. Balsam Fir |
Thompson Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Decoction of shoots and bark taken for stomach trouble. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 462 |
| Abies sp. Balsam Fir |
Thompson Drug, Tonic Decoction of shoots and bark taken as a tonic. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 462 |
| Abies sp. Balsam Fir |
Thompson Food, Unspecified Gum chewed and swallowed. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 484 |
| Abronia elliptica A. Nels. Fragrant White Sand Verbena USDA ABEL |
Hopi Drug, Pediatric Aid Plant placed on child's head to induce sleep. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 75 |
| Abronia elliptica A. Nels. Fragrant White Sand Verbena USDA ABEL |
Hopi Drug, Sedative Plant placed on child's head to induce sleep. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 36, 75 |
| Abronia fragrans Nutt. ex Hook. Snowball Sand Verbena USDA ABFR2 |
Acoma Food, Unspecified Roots ground, mixed with corn meal and eaten. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 39 |
| Abronia fragrans Nutt. ex Hook. Snowball Sand Verbena USDA ABFR2 |
Keres, Western Drug, Dietary Aid Roots ground, mixed with corn flour and eaten to give one a good appetite and to make one fat. Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 24 |
| Abronia fragrans Nutt. ex Hook. Snowball Sand Verbena USDA ABFR2 |
Keres, Western Drug, Psychological Aid Roots ground, mixed with corn flour and eaten to keep one from becoming greedy. Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 24 |