| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Cahuilla Drug, Pediatric Aid Infusion of blossoms given to newborn babies. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 138 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Cahuilla Drug, Toothache Remedy Infusion of blossoms used for the teeth. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 138 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Cahuilla Dye, Black Berry juice used as a black dye for basket materials. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 138 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Cahuilla Dye, Orange Stems used to make a orange dye. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 138 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Cahuilla Dye, Purple Berry juice used as a purple dye for basket materials. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 138 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Cahuilla Dye, Yellow Stems used to make a yellow dye. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 138 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Cahuilla Food, Dried Food Berries dried for future use. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 138 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Cahuilla Food, Fruit Berries eaten fresh. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 138 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Cahuilla Food, Preserves Berries used to make jams and jellies. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 138 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Cahuilla Food, Sauce & Relish Berries cooked into a rich sauce. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 138 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Cahuilla Other, Toys & Games Twigs used in making whistles. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 138 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Cherokee Drug, Antirheumatic (Internal) Infusion of berry used for rheumatism. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 33 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Cherokee Drug, Burn Dressing Salve used for burns. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 33 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Cherokee Drug, Cathartic Used as a cathartic. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 33 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Cherokee Drug, Dermatological Aid Salve used for skin eruptions and infusion taken as tonic for boils. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 33 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Cherokee Drug, Diaphoretic Infusion of flowers taken to 'sweat out fever.' Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 33 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Cherokee Drug, Disinfectant Leaves used to wash sores to prevent infection. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 33 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Cherokee Drug, Diuretic Used as a diuretic. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 33 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Cherokee Drug, Emetic Used as an emetic. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 33 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Cherokee Drug, Kidney Aid Taken for 'dropsy.' Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 33 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Cherokee Drug, Other Decoction taken for 'summer complaint.' Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 33 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Cherokee Drug, Pediatric Aid Given for 'light sickness among children' and taken for 'dropsy.' Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 33 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Cherokee Food, Beverage Berries used to make wine. Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of 'Wild' Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 32 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Cherokee Food, Fruit Fruit used for food. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 33 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Cherokee Food, Pie & Pudding Berries used to make pie. Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of 'Wild' Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 32 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Cherokee Food, Preserves Berries used to make jellies. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 33 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Cherokee Food, Preserves Berries used to make jelly. Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of 'Wild' Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 32 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Chickasaw Drug, Analgesic Infusion of branches applied to head for severe headaches. Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 58 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Chippewa Drug, Emetic Infusion of roots taken as an emetic. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 142 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Chippewa Food, Dried Food Fruit dried for winter use. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 142 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Chippewa Food, Fruit Fruit eaten fresh. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 142 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Choctaw Drug, Liver Aid Decoction of seeds and roots taken for liver troubles. Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 58 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Creek Drug, Breast Treatment Poultice of pounded roots applied to swollen breasts. Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 58 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Creek Drug, Gynecological Aid Poultice of pounded root or stalk skin applied to women for swollen breast. Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, page 661 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Dakota Food, Beverage Blossoms dipped in hot water to make a pleasant drink. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 115 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Dakota Food, Fruit Fresh fruit used for food. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 115 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Dakota Other, Toys & Games Larger stems used by small boys to make popguns. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 115 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Delaware Drug, Blood Medicine Leaves and stems used as a blood purifier. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 31 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Delaware Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of bark scrapings applied to sores, swellings and wounds. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 31 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Delaware Drug, Liver Aid Leaves and stems used for jaundice. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 31 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Delaware Drug, Pediatric Aid Infusion of flowers used for infants with colic. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 31 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Delaware, Oklahoma Drug, Blood Medicine Leaves and stems used as a blood purifier. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 26, 78 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Delaware, Oklahoma Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice or salve of bark scrapings applied to wounds, sores and swellings. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 26, 78 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Delaware, Oklahoma Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Infusion of flowers given to infants for colic. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 26, 78 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Delaware, Oklahoma Drug, Liver Aid Leaves and stems used for jaundice. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 26 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Delaware, Oklahoma Drug, Pediatric Aid Infusion of flower given to infants for colic. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 26 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Diegueno Drug, Febrifuge Infusion of fresh or dried blossoms given to babies with fever. Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 41 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Diegueno Drug, Laxative Infusion of fresh or dried blossoms used as an enema. Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 41 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Diegueno Drug, Pediatric Aid Infusion of fresh or dried blossoms given to babies with fever. Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 41 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Diegueno Food, Fruit Berries eaten fresh. Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 41 |