| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Diegueno Food, Winter Use Food Berries dried for winter use and boiled like raisins. Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 41 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Diegueno Other, Toys & Games Berries crushed by children when playing 'soda pop.' Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 41 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Houma Drug, Analgesic Decoction of bark used as a wash for pain. Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 60 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Houma Drug, Dermatological Aid Decoction of bark used as a wash for swelling. Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 60 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Houma Drug, Tonic Wine made from berries taken as a tonic. Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 60 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Houma Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Stalks formerly used for blowguns. Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 60 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Iroquois Drug, Analgesic Poultice of bark applied for headaches. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 448 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Iroquois Drug, Cathartic Decoction of bark taken as a physic. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 449 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Iroquois Drug, Cathartic Infusion of blossoms given to babies as a physic. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 449 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Iroquois Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Decoction of flowers with other plants used as medicine to soak corn seeds before planting. Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 19 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Iroquois Drug, Dermatological Aid Compound poultice of plants and leaves applied to swellings of all kinds. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 448 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Iroquois Drug, Dermatological Aid Compound poultice of powdered roots and bark applied to baby's unhealed navel. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 448 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Iroquois Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of bark applied to cuts. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 449 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Iroquois Drug, Emetic Infusion of bark taken as a spring emetic and to vomit up gall. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 449 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Iroquois Drug, Febrifuge Berries used for fevers. Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 96 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Iroquois Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Plant used for stomach troubles. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 450 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Iroquois Drug, Heart Medicine Infusion of pith taken for heart disease. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 450 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Iroquois Drug, Kidney Aid Decoction of bark taken for the kidneys. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 449 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Iroquois Drug, Laxative Compound decoction of twigs given to children as a laxative. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 448 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Iroquois Drug, Laxative Infusion of bark taken as a laxative. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 449 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Iroquois Drug, Liver Aid Infusion of bark taken to vomit up gall. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 450 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Iroquois Drug, Misc. Disease Remedy Compound decoction of plants taken for diphtheria. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 450 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Iroquois Drug, Misc. Disease Remedy Infusion of bark taken for the measles. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 448 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Iroquois Drug, Misc. Disease Remedy Infusion of berries taken and poultice applied to swellings caused by mumps. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 450 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Iroquois Drug, Pediatric Aid Compound decoction of twigs given to children as a laxative. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 448 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Iroquois Drug, Pediatric Aid Compound poultice of powdered roots and bark applied to baby's unhealed navel. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 448 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Iroquois Drug, Pediatric Aid Infusion of blossoms given to babies as a physic. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 449 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Iroquois Drug, Unspecified Berries used for convalescents. Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 96 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Iroquois Drug, Venereal Aid Compound infusion used as wash on parts affected by venereal disease. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 448 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Iroquois Drug, Venereal Aid Decoction of pith taken for gonorrhea. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 449 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Iroquois Food, Bread & Cake Fruit mashed, made into small cakes and dried for future use. Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Iroquois Food, Dried Food Raw or cooked fruit sun or fire dried and stored for future use. Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Iroquois Food, Fruit Dried fruit taken as a hunting food. Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Iroquois Food, Fruit Fruits eaten raw. Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 96 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Iroquois Food, Porridge Berries dried, soaked in cold water, heated slowly and mixed with bread meal or hominy in winter. Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 96 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Iroquois Food, Sauce & Relish Berries dried, soaked in cold water, heated slowly and used as a winter sauce. Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 96 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Iroquois Food, Sauce & Relish Berries used as a sauce. Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 96 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Iroquois Food, Sauce & Relish Dried fruit cakes soaked in warm water and cooked as a sauce or mixed with corn bread. Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Menominee Drug, Febrifuge Infusion of dried flowers used as a febrifuge. Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 27 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Menominee Other, Toys & Games Stems, after punching out the pith, used by children to make pop guns. Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 74 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Meskwaki Drug, Cathartic Inner bark of young shoots used as a purgative. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 207 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Meskwaki Drug, Diuretic Inner bark of young shoots used as a diuretic. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 207 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Meskwaki Drug, Gynecological Aid Infusion of bark used in extremely difficult cases of parturition. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 207 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Meskwaki Drug, Pulmonary Aid Root bark used to free lungs of phlegm. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 207 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Meskwaki Food, Fruit Berries eaten raw. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 256 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Meskwaki Food, Preserves Berries cooked without sugar into a conserve. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 256 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Meskwaki Other, Insecticide Inner bark of young shoots used as a repellant for flies and insects. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 207 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Meskwaki Other, Toys & Games Branch joints used as water squirt guns for playing or pop guns for shooting pith corks. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 268 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Micmac Drug, Cathartic Berries, bark and flower used as a purgative and bark used as a physic. Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 61 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Micmac Drug, Emetic Berries, bark and flower used as a purgative and bark used as an emetic. Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 61 |