| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Micmac Drug, Sedative Berries, bark and flower used as a soporific and purgative. Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 61 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Mohegan Drug, Cathartic Infusion of bark scraped downward and used as a physic. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1928, Mohegan Medicinal Practices, Weather-Lore and Superstitions, SI-BAE Annual Report #43: 264-270, page 265 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Mohegan Drug, Emetic Infusion of bark scraped upward and used as an emetic. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1928, Mohegan Medicinal Practices, Weather-Lore and Superstitions, SI-BAE Annual Report #43: 264-270, page 265 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Mohegan Drug, Emetic Inner bark, scraped upward, used as an emetic. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 75, 132 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Mohegan Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Infusion of dried flowers given to infants for colic. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 75, 132 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Mohegan Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Infusion of flowers given to babies with colic. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1928, Mohegan Medicinal Practices, Weather-Lore and Superstitions, SI-BAE Annual Report #43: 264-270, page 265 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Mohegan Drug, Laxative Inner bark, scraped downward, used as a laxative. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 75, 132 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Mohegan Drug, Pediatric Aid Infusion of dried flowers given to infants for colic. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 75, 132 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Omaha Food, Beverage Blossoms dipped in hot water to make a pleasant drink. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 115 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Omaha Food, Fruit Fresh fruit used for food. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 115 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Omaha Other, Toys & Games Larger stems used by small boys to make popguns. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 115 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Paiute Food, Dried Food Fruit sun dried, stored in buckskin bags and hung up for winter use. Steward, Julian H., 1933, Ethnography of the Owens Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 33(3):233-250, page 245 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Paiute Food, Fruit Fruit eaten fresh. Steward, Julian H., 1933, Ethnography of the Owens Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 33(3):233-250, page 245 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Pawnee Food, Beverage Blossoms dipped in hot water to make a pleasant drink. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 115 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Pawnee Food, Fruit Fresh fruit used for food. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 115 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Pawnee Other, Toys & Games Larger stems used by small boys to make popguns. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 115 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Pima Drug, Cold Remedy Decoction of flowers taken for colds. Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 75 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Pima Drug, Febrifuge Infusion of dried flowers taken to break a fever. Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 75 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Pima Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Decoction of flowers taken for stomachaches. Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 75 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Pima Drug, Throat Aid Decoction of flowers taken for sore throats. Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 75 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Pima Food, Preserves Berries used to make jams and jellies. Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 75 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Pima, Gila River Food, Beverage Fruits brewed into a wine. Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 5 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Pima, Gila River Food, Fruit Fruits eaten for food. Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 5 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Pima, Gila River Food, Snack Food Fruits eaten raw as a snack food. Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 7 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Ponca Food, Beverage Blossoms dipped in hot water to make a pleasant drink. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 115 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Ponca Food, Fruit Fresh fruit used for food. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 115 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Ponca Other, Toys & Games Larger stems used by small boys to make popguns. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 115 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Rappahannock Drug, Antirheumatic (Internal) Fermented decoction of berries taken for 'rheumatism' (neuritis). Speck, Frank G., R.B. Hassrick and E.S. Carpenter, 1942, Rappahannock Herbals, Folk-Lore and Science of Cures, Proceedings of the Delaware County Institute of Science 10:7-55., page 33 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Rappahannock Drug, Dermatological Aid Compound infusion with bark used for swellings and sores. Speck, Frank G., R.B. Hassrick and E.S. Carpenter, 1942, Rappahannock Herbals, Folk-Lore and Science of Cures, Proceedings of the Delaware County Institute of Science 10:7-55., page 34 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Seminole Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Root bark used as a purification emetic after funerals, at doctor's school & after death of patient. Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 167 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Seminole Drug, Emetic Decoction of root bark taken as an emetic for stomachaches. Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 276 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Seminole Drug, Emetic Root bark used as an emetic to 'clean the insides.' Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 167 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Seminole Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Decoction of root bark taken as an emetic for stomachaches. Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 276 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Seminole Food, Starvation Food Plant used as a scarcity food. Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 505 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Seminole Other, Tools Plant used to make medicine blowing tubes. Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 505 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Seminole Other, Tools Stems used to make medicine tubes. Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 172 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Seminole Other, Toys & Games Plant used to make toy blowguns. Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 505 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Thompson Drug, Toothache Remedy Fresh bark used in hollow tooth for toothaches. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 474 |
| Sambucus racemosa L. Scarlet Elderberry USDA SARAR3 |
Apache, White Mountain Food, Fruit Berries used for food. Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 160 |
| Sambucus racemosa L. Scarlet Elderberry USDA SARAR3 |
Bella Coola Drug, Analgesic Infusion of roots used as an emetic and purgative for stomach pain. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 64 |
| Sambucus racemosa L. Scarlet Elderberry USDA SARAR3 |
Bella Coola Drug, Cathartic Infusion of root bark used or root bark chewed as a purgative. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 64 |
| Sambucus racemosa L. Scarlet Elderberry USDA SARAR3 |
Bella Coola Drug, Emetic Infusion of root bark used or root bark chewed as an emetic. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 64 |
| Sambucus racemosa L. Scarlet Elderberry USDA SARAR3 |
Bella Coola Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Infusion of roots used as an emetic and purgative for stomach pain. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 64 |
| Sambucus racemosa L. Scarlet Elderberry USDA SARAR3 |
Bella Coola Food, Beverage Berries used to make wine. Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 203 |
| Sambucus racemosa L. Scarlet Elderberry USDA SARAR3 |
Bella Coola Food, Dried Food Berries formerly boiled into a thick sauce, dried and used for food. Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 203 |
| Sambucus racemosa L. Scarlet Elderberry USDA SARAR3 |
Bella Coola Food, Preserves Berries used to make jelly. Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 203 |
| Sambucus racemosa L. Scarlet Elderberry USDA SARAR3 |
Bella Coola Other, Smoking Tools Stems hollowed out and used as pipe bowls. Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 203 |
| Sambucus racemosa L. Scarlet Elderberry USDA SARAR3 |
Carrier, Northern Drug, Cathartic Decoction of root, second brewing only, taken as a purgative. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 64 |
| Sambucus racemosa L. Scarlet Elderberry USDA SARAR3 |
Carrier, Southern Drug, Cathartic Decoction of root taken twice a day as a purgative. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 64 |
| Sambucus racemosa L. Scarlet Elderberry USDA SARAR3 |
Gitksan Drug, Cathartic Infusion of root bark taken as a purgative. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 64 |