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Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero Food, Fruit
Fruit used for food.
Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 40
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero Food, Substitution Food
Syrup used in the absence of sugar to sweeten an intoxicating drink.
Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 50
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Apache, San Carlos Food, Bread & Cake
Fruits sun dried, made into large cakes and used for food.
Hrdlicka, Ales, 1908, Physiological and Medical Observations Among the Indians of Southwestern United States and Northern Mexico, SI-BAE Bulletin #34:1-427, page 257
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Apache, San Carlos Food, Fruit
Fruits eaten raw.
Hrdlicka, Ales, 1908, Physiological and Medical Observations Among the Indians of Southwestern United States and Northern Mexico, SI-BAE Bulletin #34:1-427, page 257
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Apache, Western Food, Beverage
Juice used as a drink.
Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 178
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Apache, Western Food, Bread & Cake
Squeezed pulp dried and made into cakes.
Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 178
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Apache, Western Food, Dried Food
Seeds washed and dried.
Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 178
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Apache, Western Food, Fruit
Fruit eaten raw.
Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 178
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Apache, Western Food, Pie & Pudding
Seeds ground with corn into a pudding.
Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 178
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Apache, Western Food, Porridge
Seeds roasted, ground and mixed with water to make a mush.
Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 178
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Apache, Western Other, Ceremonial Items
Whole fruit mashed, water added and mixture drunk after a two day burial in a dry place. The drink was consumed immediately after the two-day burial and said to be better than tiswin.
Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 178
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Apache, Western Other, Containers
Burls used as containers.
Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 178
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Apache, Western Other, Cooking Tools
Burls used as vessels or cups.
Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 178
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Apache, White Mountain Food, Fruit
Fruit used for food.
Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 156
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Apache, White Mountain Food, Preserves
Fruit used to make a kind of butter.
Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 147
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Maricopa Food, Beverage
Juice fermented to make an intoxicating drink.
Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 204
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Papago Fiber, Basketry
Ribs used as one of the chief warp materials.
Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 53
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Papago Fiber, Building Material
Ribs used for roofing.
Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 53
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Papago Fiber, Building Material
Slats joined with one or two rows of deer hide thong and used to make screen doors.
Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 53
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Papago Fiber, Building Material
Used for the roofing of houses.
Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 66
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Papago Food, Beverage
Juice mixed with water, fermented and used as an intoxicating drink in ceremonies to bring rain.
Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 26
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Papago Food, Beverage
Pulp boiled with water, strained, boiled again and used as a ceremonial drink.
Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 20
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Papago Food, Bread & Cake
Seeds parched, stored and used to make meal cakes.
Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 20
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Papago Food, Cooking Agent
Seeds parched, ground, water added and oil extracted.
Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 20
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Papago Food, Dried Food
Fruits dried, stored in jars and used as sweets.
Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 46
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Papago Food, Fodder
Seeds parched and used as a chicken feed.
Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 20
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Papago Food, Fruit
Fruits used as an important article of diet.
Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 19
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Papago Food, Preserves
Fruits made into a conserve.
Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 19
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Papago Food, Preserves
Fruits made into jam.
Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 46
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Papago Food, Preserves
Juice made into cactus jam and used as the most important sweet in the diet.
Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 20
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Papago Food, Preserves
Pulp boiled to a sweet, sticky mass and used like raspberry jam.
Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 20
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Papago Food, Sauce & Relish
Fruits boiled to make a syrup.
Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 19
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Papago Food, Sauce & Relish
Fruits made into a syrup.
Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 46
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Papago Food, Staple
Seeds ground into flour.
Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 19
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Papago Food, Staple
Seeds made into flour and used for food.
Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 20
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Papago Food, Staple
Used as a staple food.
Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 45
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Papago Food, Unspecified
Fruits and seeds used for food.
Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. First Edition., page 59
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Papago Food, Unspecified
Oil extracted from the seeds.
Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 19
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Papago Food, Unspecified
Pulp eaten fresh.
Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 20
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Papago Other, Cooking Tools
Ribs made into a drying rack for datil fruit.
Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 23
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Papago Other, Hunting & Fishing Item
Ribs split, made into rough cages and used to trap gambel quail and morning doves.
Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 43
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Papago Other, Musical Instrument
Ribs with shallow, close-spaced notches used as soft rattles for certain songs.
Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 68
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Papago Other, Season Indicator
Saguaro harvest marked the beginning of the new year.
Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. First Edition., page 59
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Papago Other, Tools
Four needles tied in a row and used as piercing instruments for tattooing.
Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 51
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Papago Other, Tools
Giant ribs split in two and used as wooden tongs for gathering cholla joints and buds.
Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 15
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Papago Other, Tools
Perforations bored in sticks and used to smooth rough cords.
Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 70
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Papago Other, Tools
Ribs used as the larger of the two pieces of twisters used to make rope.
Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 62
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Papago Other, Tools
Ribs used for the handles of skin scrapers.
Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 69
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Papago Other, Tools
Ribs used to make several kinds of light tools.
Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 53
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Papago and Pima Food, Candy
Used to make candy.
Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1937, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest IV. The Aboriginal Utilization of the Tall Cacti in the American South, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5:1-48, page 17