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Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Papago and Pima Food, Fruit
Fruit used for food.
Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1937, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest IV. The Aboriginal Utilization of the Tall Cacti in the American South, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5:1-48, page 11
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Papago and Pima Food, Preserves
Fruit boiled, without sugar, to make preserves.
Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1937, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest IV. The Aboriginal Utilization of the Tall Cacti in the American South, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5:1-48, page 17
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Papago and Pima Food, Sauce & Relish
Fruit used to make syrup.
Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1937, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest IV. The Aboriginal Utilization of the Tall Cacti in the American South, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5:1-48, page 11
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Papago and Pima Other, Tools
Trunks used to make cactus fruit picking poles.
Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1937, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest IV. The Aboriginal Utilization of the Tall Cacti in the American South, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5:1-48, page 14
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Pima Drug, Gynecological Aid
Plant used to make the milk flow after childbirth.
Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 53
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Pima Drug, Orthopedic Aid
Dead ribs used as splints for broken bones.
Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 53
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Pima Food, Beverage
Fruits boiled, fermented and used as an intoxicating liquor.
Russell, Frank, 1908, The Pima Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #26:1-390, page 71
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Pima Food, Beverage
Ripe, dried fruits shaped into balls, boiled, fermented and used to make wine.
Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 53
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Pima Food, Bread & Cake
Seeds ground, put into water, meal combined with other meal and baked to make bread.
Russell, Frank, 1908, The Pima Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #26:1-390, page 71
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Pima Food, Dessert
Pulp eaten as dessert.
Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 53
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Pima Food, Dried Food
Fruits dried in balls and used for food.
Russell, Frank, 1908, The Pima Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #26:1-390, page 71
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Pima Food, Dried Food
Ripe fruits made into balls and dried for future use.
Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 20
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Pima Food, Fodder
Seeds fed to chickens.
Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 53
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Pima Food, Fruit
Ripe fruits eaten fresh.
Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 20
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Pima Food, Fruit
Ripe fruits eaten raw.
Russell, Frank, 1908, The Pima Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #26:1-390, page 71
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Pima Food, Porridge
Fresh or dried fruits boiled, residue ground into an oily paste and eaten.
Russell, Frank, 1908, The Pima Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #26:1-390, page 71
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Pima Food, Porridge
Seeds dried, roasted, ground and eaten as a moist and sticky mush.
Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 53
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Pima Food, Sauce & Relish
Fresh or dried fruits boiled and used as a syrup.
Russell, Frank, 1908, The Pima Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #26:1-390, page 71
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Pima Food, Sauce & Relish
Fresh or dried fruits boiled to make a syrup.
Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 20
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Pima Food, Sauce & Relish
Pulp boiled, seeds strained, boiled again and sealed in jars until thick as honey.
Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 53
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Pima Food, Sauce & Relish
Ripe, dried fruits shaped into balls, boiled and used to make a syrup.
Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 53
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Pima Food, Staple
Seeds ground, put into water and eaten as pinole.
Russell, Frank, 1908, The Pima Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #26:1-390, page 71
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Pima Food, Substitution Food
Seeds ground, passed through a sieve or left mixed with husks and used as a substitute for lard.
Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 53
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Pima Food, Unspecified
Seeds eaten raw.
Russell, Frank, 1908, The Pima Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #26:1-390, page 71
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Pima Other, Season Indicator
Saguaro harvest marked the beginning of the new year.
Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. First Edition., page 59
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Pima, Gila River Food, Beverage
Pulp made into a syrup and fermented for the annual wine feast. The annual wine feast was an elaborate liturgical celebration intended to bring rain and to continue it through the growing season.
Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 4
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Pima, Gila River Food, Beverage
Ripe fruit used to make a cold drink.
Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 4
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Pima, Gila River Food, Candy
Fruits used as sweets.
Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 6
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Pima, Gila River Food, Dried Food
Pulp dried whole for future use.
Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 4
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Pima, Gila River Food, Porridge
Seeds ground, mixed with grains and used to make a porridge.
Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 4
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Pima, Gila River Food, Preserves
Pulp used to make jam.
Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 4
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Pima, Gila River Food, Preserves
Seeds ground, mixed with grains and used to make a paste resembling peanut butter.
Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 4
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Pima, Gila River Food, Sauce & Relish
Pulp used to make syrup.
Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 4
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Pima, Gila River Food, Staple
Fruits used as a staple food.
Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 7
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Seri Fiber, Caulking Material
Dried plant skeletons and sea lion oil used as a caulking compound.
Dawson, E. Yale, 1944, Some Ethnobotanical Notes on the Seri Indians, Desert Plant Life 9:133-138, page 136
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Seri Food, Fruit
Fruits eaten for food.
Dawson, E. Yale, 1944, Some Ethnobotanical Notes on the Seri Indians, Desert Plant Life 9:133-138, page 134
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Seri Food, Porridge
Seeds ground to a powder and made into a meal or paste.
Dawson, E. Yale, 1944, Some Ethnobotanical Notes on the Seri Indians, Desert Plant Life 9:133-138, page 134
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Seri Other, Tools
Dried plant skeletons used as a straight, slender pole for knocking off ripe fruit.
Dawson, E. Yale, 1944, Some Ethnobotanical Notes on the Seri Indians, Desert Plant Life 9:133-138, page 136
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Southwest Indians Food, Fruit
Fruit used for food.
Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII. The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 15
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Southwest Indians Other, Containers
Seeds spread on saguaro ribs to dry.
Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII. The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 16
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Yavapai Food, Beverage
Dried fruit pressed into bricks and kept for later use, pieces broken off and stirred in water.
Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 260
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Yavapai Food, Beverage
Fruit mixed with water and liquid scooped with hand.
Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 260
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Yavapai Food, Bread & Cake
Dried, parched, seeds ground to consistency of peanut butter and squeezed into cakes.
Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 260
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Yavapai Food, Dried Food
Dried fruit pressed into bricks and kept for later use.
Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 260
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Yavapai Food, Dried Food
Dried fruit smeared with fresh fruit juice, made into slabs and dried for later use.
Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 260
Carnegia gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose
Saguaro
USDA CAGI7
Yavapai Food, Fruit
Fruit used for food.
Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 260
Cereus sp.

Apache, White Mountain Food, Fruit
Fruit used for food.
Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 156
Cereus sp.

Apache, White Mountain Food, Preserves
Fruit used to make a kind of butter.
Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 156
Coryphantha sp.
Cactus
Comanche Other, Weapon
Spines used to punish unfaithful wives.
Carlson, Gustav G. and Volney H. Jones, 1940, Some Notes on Uses of Plants by the Comanche Indians, Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 25:517-542, page 521
Echinocactus polycephalus Engelm. & Bigelow
Cottontop Cactus
USDA ECPOP
Cahuilla Food, Staple
Berries and stems were an important and dependable food source.
Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 49