| Escobaria missouriensis var. missouriensis Missouri Foxtail Cactus USDA ESMIM2 |
Crow Food, Fruit Red, ripe fruit eaten. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 15 |
| Escobaria vivipara var. vivipara Spinystar USDA ESVIV |
Blackfoot Drug, Antidiarrheal Fruit eaten in small amounts for diarrhea. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 67 |
| Escobaria vivipara var. vivipara Spinystar USDA ESVIV |
Blackfoot Drug, Eye Medicine Seed inserted into the eye to remove matter. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 81 |
| Escobaria vivipara var. vivipara Spinystar USDA ESVIV |
Blackfoot Food, Candy Fruit eaten as a confection. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 103 |
| Escobaria vivipara var. vivipara Spinystar USDA ESVIV |
Blackfoot Food, Fruit Fruits eaten for food. Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 45 |
| Escobaria vivipara var. vivipara Spinystar USDA ESVIV |
Blackfoot Other, Toys & Games Plant used to play a joke on people by placing it under the covers. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 115 |
| Escobaria vivipara var. vivipara Spinystar USDA ESVIV |
Cheyenne Food, Dried Food Fruits dried, boiled and eaten. Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 16 |
| Escobaria vivipara var. vivipara Spinystar USDA ESVIV |
Cheyenne Food, Fruit Fruits boiled fresh and eaten. Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 16 |
| Ferocactus coulteri Barrel Cactus |
Seri Food, Beverage Plant provided drinking water. Dawson, E. Yale, 1944, Some Ethnobotanical Notes on the Seri Indians, Desert Plant Life 9:133-138, page 136 |
| Ferocactus cylindraceus var. cylindraceus California Barrelcactus USDA FECYC |
Cahuilla Food, Beverage Plant used to obtain water. The barrel cactus provided a desert reservoir, one which had long been familiar to many desert travelers at times of emergency. To obtain water, the top of the cactus was sliced off, a portion of the pulp was removed to create a depression and then the pulp was squeezed by hand in the depression until water was released from the spongy mass. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 67 |
| Ferocactus cylindraceus var. cylindraceus California Barrelcactus USDA FECYC |
Cahuilla Food, Dried Food Buds sun dried for storage. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 67 |
| Ferocactus cylindraceus var. cylindraceus California Barrelcactus USDA FECYC |
Cahuilla Food, Dried Food Flowers sun dried for storage. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 67 |
| Ferocactus cylindraceus var. cylindraceus California Barrelcactus USDA FECYC |
Cahuilla Food, Staple Berries and stems were an important and dependable food source. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 49 |
| Ferocactus cylindraceus var. cylindraceus California Barrelcactus USDA FECYC |
Cahuilla Food, Unspecified Buds eaten fresh, parboiled or baked in a pit. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 67 |
| Ferocactus cylindraceus var. cylindraceus California Barrelcactus USDA FECYC |
Cahuilla Food, Unspecified Flowers eaten fresh, parboiled or baked in a pit. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 67 |
| Ferocactus cylindraceus var. cylindraceus California Barrelcactus USDA FECYC |
Cahuilla Other, Cooking Tools Body of the plant used as a cooking vessel. The top was cut off of the cactus and the interior was dug out. Water was then put into the depression and heated with hot stones. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 67 |
| Ferocactus cylindraceus var. lecontei (Engelm.) H. Bravo Leconte's Barrelcactus USDA FECYL |
Pima Food, Beverage Juice extracted from pulp and used to quench thirst. Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 55 |
| Ferocactus cylindraceus var. lecontei (Engelm.) H. Bravo Leconte's Barrelcactus USDA FECYL |
Pima Food, Candy Used to make cactus candy. Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 55 |
| Ferocactus cylindraceus var. lecontei (Engelm.) H. Bravo Leconte's Barrelcactus USDA FECYL |
Pima Food, Unspecified Plants sliced, cut into small pieces, boiled with mesquite beans and eaten as a sweet dish. Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 56 |
| Ferocactus sp. Barrel Cactus |
Hualapai Food, Dried Food Fruits dried, pounded and eaten. Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 42 |
| Ferocactus sp. Barrel Cactus |
Hualapai Food, Fruit Fruits eaten for food. Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 42 |
| Ferocactus sp. Barrel Cactus |
Pima, Gila River Food, Special Food Flesh prepared as a special dish with mesquite pods. Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 5 |
| Ferocactus sp. Barrel Cactus |
Pima, Gila River Food, Unspecified Pulp boiled and eaten. Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 7 |
| Ferocactus wislizeni (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose Candy Barrelcactus USDA FEWI |
Apache, San Carlos Food, Beverage Juice used for extreme thirst. Hrdlicka, Ales, 1908, Physiological and Medical Observations Among the Indians of Southwestern United States and Northern Mexico, SI-BAE Bulletin #34:1-427, page 257 |
| Ferocactus wislizeni (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose Candy Barrelcactus USDA FEWI |
Apache, San Carlos Food, Porridge Small, black seeds parched, ground, boiled and eaten as mush. Hrdlicka, Ales, 1908, Physiological and Medical Observations Among the Indians of Southwestern United States and Northern Mexico, SI-BAE Bulletin #34:1-427, page 257 |
| Ferocactus wislizeni (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose Candy Barrelcactus USDA FEWI |
Papago Food, Beverage Plant tops pounded and the juice used as a drink. Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 17 |
| Ferocactus wislizeni (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose Candy Barrelcactus USDA FEWI |
Papago Food, Vegetable Pulp eaten as greens in May. Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 14 |
| Ferocactus wislizeni (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose Candy Barrelcactus USDA FEWI |
Pima Food, Beverage Juice extracted from pulp and used to quench thirst. Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 55 |
| Ferocactus wislizeni (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose Candy Barrelcactus USDA FEWI |
Pima Food, Candy Used to make cactus candy. Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 55 |
| Ferocactus wislizeni (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose Candy Barrelcactus USDA FEWI |
Pima Food, Substitution Food Pulp used in lieu of water for thirst. Russell, Frank, 1908, The Pima Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #26:1-390, page 77 |
| Ferocactus wislizeni (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose Candy Barrelcactus USDA FEWI |
Pima Food, Unspecified Plants sliced, cut into small pieces, boiled with mesquite beans and eaten as a sweet dish. Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 56 |
| Ferocactus wislizeni (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose Candy Barrelcactus USDA FEWI |
Pima Food, Unspecified Pulp cut in strips, boiled and used for food. Russell, Frank, 1908, The Pima Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #26:1-390, page 77 |
| Ferocactus wislizeni (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose Candy Barrelcactus USDA FEWI |
Pima Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Thorns used to make fish hooks. Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 56 |
| Ferocactus wislizeni (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose Candy Barrelcactus USDA FEWI |
Seri Food, Beverage Plant provided drinking water. Dawson, E. Yale, 1944, Some Ethnobotanical Notes on the Seri Indians, Desert Plant Life 9:133-138, page 136 |
| Ferocactus wislizeni (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose Candy Barrelcactus USDA FEWI |
Yuma Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Spines heated and bent to make fishing hooks. Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 222 |
| Lophophora williamsii (Lem. ex Salm-Dyck) Coult. Peyote USDA LOWI |
Blackfoot Other, Ceremonial Items Plant used in ceremonial rites of the Native American Church. Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 45 |
| Lophophora williamsii (Lem. ex Salm-Dyck) Coult. Peyote USDA LOWI |
Comanche Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Plant used in ceremonies as a narcotic. Carlson, Gustav G. and Volney H. Jones, 1940, Some Notes on Uses of Plants by the Comanche Indians, Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 25:517-542, page 522 |
| Lophophora williamsii (Lem. ex Salm-Dyck) Coult. Peyote USDA LOWI |
Comanche Drug, Narcotic Plant used in ceremonies as a narcotic. Carlson, Gustav G. and Volney H. Jones, 1940, Some Notes on Uses of Plants by the Comanche Indians, Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 25:517-542, page 522 |
| Lophophora williamsii (Lem. ex Salm-Dyck) Coult. Peyote USDA LOWI |
Delaware Drug, Panacea Carried in small beaded bags and worn around the neck to protect against illness. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 39 |
| Lophophora williamsii (Lem. ex Salm-Dyck) Coult. Peyote USDA LOWI |
Delaware Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Used for tuberculosis. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 39 |
| Lophophora williamsii (Lem. ex Salm-Dyck) Coult. Peyote USDA LOWI |
Kiowa Drug, Analgesic Poultice of plants applied for rheumatic pains. Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 43 |
| Lophophora williamsii (Lem. ex Salm-Dyck) Coult. Peyote USDA LOWI |
Kiowa Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Poultice of plants applied for rheumatic pains. Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 43 |
| Lophophora williamsii (Lem. ex Salm-Dyck) Coult. Peyote USDA LOWI |
Kiowa Drug, Cold Remedy Decoction of plants taken for colds. Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 43 |
| Lophophora williamsii (Lem. ex Salm-Dyck) Coult. Peyote USDA LOWI |
Kiowa Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of plants applied for cuts. Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 43 |
| Lophophora williamsii (Lem. ex Salm-Dyck) Coult. Peyote USDA LOWI |
Kiowa Drug, Febrifuge Decoction of plants taken for fevers. Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 43 |
| Lophophora williamsii (Lem. ex Salm-Dyck) Coult. Peyote USDA LOWI |
Kiowa Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Decoction of plants taken for intestinal ills. Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 43 |
| Lophophora williamsii (Lem. ex Salm-Dyck) Coult. Peyote USDA LOWI |
Kiowa Drug, Misc. Disease Remedy Decoction of plants taken for grippe and scarlet fever. Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 43 |
| Lophophora williamsii (Lem. ex Salm-Dyck) Coult. Peyote USDA LOWI |
Kiowa Drug, Narcotic Plant used as a narcotic. Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 43 |
| Lophophora williamsii (Lem. ex Salm-Dyck) Coult. Peyote USDA LOWI |
Kiowa Drug, Orthopedic Aid Poultice of plants applied for bruises. Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 43 |
| Lophophora williamsii (Lem. ex Salm-Dyck) Coult. Peyote USDA LOWI |
Kiowa Drug, Panacea Decoction of plants taken as a panacea. Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 43 |