| Echinocactus polycephalus Engelm. & Bigelow Cottontop Cactus USDA ECPOP |
Kawaiisu Other, Tools Spines used as awls in the making of coiled basketry. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 27 |
| Echinocactus polycephalus Engelm. & Bigelow Cottontop Cactus USDA ECPOP |
Panamint Other, Tools Thorns formerly used as awls in basket making. Kirk, R.E., 1952, Panamint Basketry, Masterkey 26(76-86):, page 83 |
| Echinocactus sp. Barrel Cactus |
Havasupai Food, Dried Food Seeds dried for future use. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 232 |
| Echinocactus sp. Barrel Cactus |
Havasupai Food, Porridge Fresh or dried seeds parched, ground and made into mush. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 232 |
| Echinocactus sp. Barrel Cactus |
Havasupai Other, Containers Pieces of plant used as tray for baked mescal. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 232 |
| Echinocactus sp. Barrel Cactus |
Havasupai Other, Cooking Tools Used as improvised cooking vessels particularly on hunting expeditions. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 232 |
| Echinocactus sp. Barrel Cactus |
Havasupai Other, Jewelry Red spines fire warmed and bent into finger rings. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 232 |
| Echinocactus sp. Barrel Cactus |
Mahuna Drug, Oral Aid Plant used for the prevention of salivary gland swelling. Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 47 |
| Echinocactus sp. Barrel Cactus |
Mahuna Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Thorns used as fishhooks for deep water fishing. Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 47 |
| Echinocactus williamsii Lem. Mescal |
Omaha Drug, Other Plant used for alcohol addiction. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 318 |
| Echinocereus coccineus Engelm. Scarlet Hedgehog Cactus USDA ECCOC |
Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero Food, Fruit Raw fruit used for food. Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 41 |
| Echinocereus coccineus Engelm. Scarlet Hedgehog Cactus USDA ECCOC |
Keres, Western Other, Unspecified Taxon known and named but no use was specified. Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 42 |
| Echinocereus coccineus Engelm. Scarlet Hedgehog Cactus USDA ECCOC |
Navajo Drug, Heart Medicine Plant used as a heart stimulant. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 64 |
| Echinocereus coccineus Engelm. Scarlet Hedgehog Cactus USDA ECCOC |
Navajo Drug, Poison Plant considered poisonous. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 64 |
| Echinocereus coccineus Engelm. Scarlet Hedgehog Cactus USDA ECCOC |
Navajo, Ramah Food, Fruit Fruit used for food. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 37 |
| Echinocereus engelmannii (Parry ex Engelm.) Lem. Saints Cactus USDA ECENE |
Pima Food, Fruit Ripe fruits freed from spines and eaten raw. Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 57 |
| Echinocereus engelmannii (Parry ex Engelm.) Lem. Saints Cactus USDA ECENE |
Pima, Gila River Food, Snack Food Fruit eaten primarily by children as a snack food. Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 5 |
| Echinocereus engelmannii (Parry ex Engelm.) Lem. Saints Cactus USDA ECENE |
Yavapai Food, Fruit Raw fruit used for food. Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 256 |
| Echinocereus engelmannii (Parry ex Engelm.) Lem. Saints Cactus USDA ECENE |
Yavapai Food, Unspecified Boiled buds used for food. Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 256 |
| Echinocereus engelmannii var. chrysocentrus (Engelm. & Bigelow) Rumpl. Saints Cactus USDA ECENC |
Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero Food, Fruit Raw fruit used for food. Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 41 |
| Echinocereus fendleri (Engelm.) F. Seitz Pinkflower Hedgehog Cactus USDA ECFEF2 |
Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero Food, Fruit Raw fruit used for food. Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 41 |
| Echinocereus fendleri (Engelm.) F. Seitz Pinkflower Hedgehog Cactus USDA ECFEF2 |
Cochiti Food, Unspecified Stems pit roasted and eaten. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 26 |
| Echinocereus fendleri (Engelm.) F. Seitz Pinkflower Hedgehog Cactus USDA ECFEF2 |
Hopi Food, Sweetener Fruits dried and used as a source of sweetening. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 85 |
| Echinocereus polyacanthus Engelm. Mojave Mound Cactus USDA ECPO6 |
Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero Food, Fruit Raw fruit used for food. Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 41 |
| Echinocereus rigidissimus (Engelm.) Haage f. Rainbow Hedgehog Cactus USDA ECRI3 |
Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero Food, Fruit Raw fruit used for food. Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 41 |
| Echinocereus sp. Cactus |
Apache, Mescalero Food, Fruit Fruits eaten for food. Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 45 |
| Echinocereus sp. Cactus |
Isleta Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Poultice of roasted leaves used for swellings. Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 28 |
| Echinocereus sp. Cactus |
Navajo Food, Fruit Fruits eaten for food. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 64 |
| Echinocereus triglochidiatus Engelm. Kingcup Cactus USDA ECTRT |
Isleta Food, Beverage Water extracted from pulp in emergencies. Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 27 |
| Echinocereus triglochidiatus Engelm. Kingcup Cactus USDA ECTRT |
Isleta Food, Bread & Cake Pulp baked with sugar and used to make cakes. Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 27 |
| Echinocereus triglochidiatus Engelm. Kingcup Cactus USDA ECTRT |
Isleta Food, Bread & Cake Pulp macerated and cooked with sugar to make cakes. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 26 |
| Echinocereus triglochidiatus Engelm. Kingcup Cactus USDA ECTRT |
Isleta Food, Candy Pulp baked with sugar and used to make candy. Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 27 |
| Echinocereus triglochidiatus Engelm. Kingcup Cactus USDA ECTRT |
Isleta Food, Candy Pulp baked with sugar to make candy. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 26 |
| Echinocereus triglochidiatus Engelm. Kingcup Cactus USDA ECTRT |
Isleta Food, Fruit Fruit eaten fresh. Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 27 |
| Echinocereus triglochidiatus Engelm. Kingcup Cactus USDA ECTRT |
Isleta Food, Fruit Fruits, with spines removed by burning, eaten fresh. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 26 |
| Echinocereus triglochidiatus Engelm. Kingcup Cactus USDA ECTRT |
Isleta Food, Preserves Fruit eaten as conserves. Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 27 |
| Echinocereus triglochidiatus Engelm. Kingcup Cactus USDA ECTRT |
Isleta Food, Preserves Fruits, with spines removed by burning, made into a conserve. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 26 |
| Echinocereus triglochidiatus Engelm. Kingcup Cactus USDA ECTRT |
Isleta Food, Sauce & Relish Pulp baked with sugar to make sweet pickles. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 26 |
| Echinocereus triglochidiatus Engelm. Kingcup Cactus USDA ECTRT |
Isleta Food, Unspecified Pulp sliced and baked like squash. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 26 |
| Echinocereus triglochidiatus Engelm. Kingcup Cactus USDA ECTRT |
Isleta Food, Vegetable Pulp baked with sugar and used to make a sweet pickle. Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 27 |
| Echinocereus triglochidiatus Engelm. Kingcup Cactus USDA ECTRT |
Isleta Food, Vegetable Sliced pulp baked like squash and used for food. Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 27 |
| Echinocereus triglochidiatus Engelm. Kingcup Cactus USDA ECTRT |
Isleta Other, Lighting Dried pulp used as candles. Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 27 |
| Echinocereus triglochidiatus var. triglochidiatus Kingcup Cactus USDA ECTRT |
Cochiti Food, Unspecified Stems pit roasted and eaten. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 26 |
| Echinocereus triglochidiatus var. triglochidiatus Kingcup Cactus USDA ECTRT |
Isleta Food, Bread & Cake Pulp macerated and cooked with sugar to make cakes. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 26 |
| Echinocereus triglochidiatus var. triglochidiatus Kingcup Cactus USDA ECTRT |
Isleta Food, Candy Pulp baked with sugar to make candy. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 26 |
| Echinocereus triglochidiatus var. triglochidiatus Kingcup Cactus USDA ECTRT |
Isleta Food, Fruit Fruits, with spines removed by burning, eaten fresh. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 26 |
| Echinocereus triglochidiatus var. triglochidiatus Kingcup Cactus USDA ECTRT |
Isleta Food, Preserves Fruits, with spines removed by burning, made into a conserve. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 26 |
| Echinocereus triglochidiatus var. triglochidiatus Kingcup Cactus USDA ECTRT |
Isleta Food, Sauce & Relish Pulp baked with sugar to make sweet pickles. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 26 |
| Echinocereus triglochidiatus var. triglochidiatus Kingcup Cactus USDA ECTRT |
Isleta Food, Unspecified Pulp sliced and baked like squash. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 26 |
| Echinocereus triglochidiatus var. triglochidiatus Kingcup Cactus USDA ECTRT |
Keres, Western Food, Fruit Tunas used for food. Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 42 |