| Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam. Yellow Sweetclover USDA MEOF |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Cold Remedy Cold infusion taken and used as lotion for colds caused by becoming chilled. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 33 |
| Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam. Yellow Sweetclover USDA MEOF |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Cold Remedy Cold infusion taken and used as lotion for colds caused by becoming chilled. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 33 |
| Melilotus sp. Sweet Clover |
Havasupai Other, Incense & Fragrance Leaves dried, ground, placed in a small bundle and tied onto women's clothes as a perfume. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 227 |
| Mucuna gigantea (Willd.) DC. Seabean USDA MUGI |
Hawaiian Drug, Laxative Fruit meat and other plants chewed, mixed with salt water and injected with an enema as a laxative. Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 45 |
| Olneya tesota Gray Desert Ironwood USDA OLTE |
Cahuilla Food, Staple Roasted pods and seeds ground into flour. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 94 |
| Olneya tesota Gray Desert Ironwood USDA OLTE |
Cahuilla Other, Fuel Wood used for firewood. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 94 |
| Olneya tesota Gray Desert Ironwood USDA OLTE |
Cahuilla Other, Tools Wood used to make implements requiring extreme hardness: throwing sticks and clubs. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 94 |
| Olneya tesota Gray Desert Ironwood USDA OLTE |
Cocopa Food, Porridge Seeds roasted, ground and made into mush. Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 187 |
| Olneya tesota Gray Desert Ironwood USDA OLTE |
Mohave Food, Bread & Cake Seeds parched, ground lightly, roasted and the meal made into thin loaves and baked. Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 187 |
| Olneya tesota Gray Desert Ironwood USDA OLTE |
Mohave Food, Dried Food Seeds parched, ground lightly, roasted and eaten. Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 187 |
| Olneya tesota Gray Desert Ironwood USDA OLTE |
Papago Fiber, Building Material Posts of wood, forked at the top, used for the core of the house frame. Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 66 |
| Olneya tesota Gray Desert Ironwood USDA OLTE |
Papago Food, Dried Food Beans flailed, winnowed, parched and used for food. Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 25 |
| Olneya tesota Gray Desert Ironwood USDA OLTE |
Papago Food, Dried Food Seeds basket winnowed, parched, sun dried, cooked, stored and used for food. Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 24 |
| Olneya tesota Gray Desert Ironwood USDA OLTE |
Papago Food, Staple Beans parched, sun dried, stored, ground into flour and used as a staple food. Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 45 |
| Olneya tesota Gray Desert Ironwood USDA OLTE |
Papago Food, Unspecified Ground, leached seeds used for food. Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. First Edition., page 60 |
| Olneya tesota Gray Desert Ironwood USDA OLTE |
Papago Other, Musical Instrument Concave sticks with far-spaced, deep notches used as loud rattles for scraping stick songs. Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 68 |
| Olneya tesota Gray Desert Ironwood USDA OLTE |
Papago Other, Tools Four foot sticks with sharp points used as digging sticks. Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 31 |
| Olneya tesota Gray Desert Ironwood USDA OLTE |
Papago Other, Tools Wooden stakes driven into the ground and used for weaving cotton. Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 60 |
| Olneya tesota Gray Desert Ironwood USDA OLTE |
Pima Food, Dried Food Beans formerly pit roasted, parched and eaten whole. Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 93 |
| Olneya tesota Gray Desert Ironwood USDA OLTE |
Pima Food, Dried Food Nuts parched and eaten. Russell, Frank, 1908, The Pima Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #26:1-390, page 70 |
| Olneya tesota Gray Desert Ironwood USDA OLTE |
Pima Food, Dried Food Seeds formerly dried, roasted, ground coarsely and used for food. Hrdlicka, Ales, 1908, Physiological and Medical Observations Among the Indians of Southwestern United States and Northern Mexico, SI-BAE Bulletin #34:1-427, page 263 |
| Olneya tesota Gray Desert Ironwood USDA OLTE |
Pima Food, Staple Beans formerly pit roasted, ground, mixed with water and eaten as pinole. Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 93 |
| Olneya tesota Gray Desert Ironwood USDA OLTE |
Pima Other, Fuel Wood used for firewood. Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 93 |
| Olneya tesota Gray Desert Ironwood USDA OLTE |
Pima Other, Tools Formerly used to make shovels. Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 93 |
| Olneya tesota Gray Desert Ironwood USDA OLTE |
Pima Other, Tools Wood used to make tool handles. Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 93 |
| Olneya tesota Gray Desert Ironwood USDA OLTE |
Pima, Gila River Food, Unspecified Seeds leached, roasted and eaten. Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 5 |
| Olneya tesota Gray Desert Ironwood USDA OLTE |
Pima, Gila River Food, Unspecified Seeds parched and eaten. Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 7 |
| Olneya tesota Gray Desert Ironwood USDA OLTE |
Seri Food, Porridge Beans ground into a meal, mixed with water or sea lion oil and eaten. Dawson, E. Yale, 1944, Some Ethnobotanical Notes on the Seri Indians, Desert Plant Life 9:133-138, page 136 |
| Olneya tesota Gray Desert Ironwood USDA OLTE |
Yavapai Food, Bread & Cake Dried, mashed, parched seeds ground into a meal and used to make greasy cakes. Gifford, E. W., 1932, The Southeastern Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 29:177-252, page 211 |
| Olneya tesota Gray Desert Ironwood USDA OLTE |
Yavapai Food, Staple Dried, mashed, parched seeds ground into a meal and used to make greasy cakes. Gifford, E. W., 1932, The Southeastern Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 29:177-252, page 211 |
| Olneya tesota Gray Desert Ironwood USDA OLTE |
Yuma Food, Bread & Cake Seeds parched, ground lightly, roasted and the meal made into thin loaves and baked. Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 187 |
| Olneya tesota Gray Desert Ironwood USDA OLTE |
Yuma Food, Dried Food Seeds parched, ground lightly, roasted and eaten. Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 187 |
| Orbexilum pedunculatum var. pedunculatum Sampson's Snakeroot USDA ORPEP2 |
Catawba Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of boiled roots applied to sores. Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 32 |
| Orbexilum pedunculatum var. pedunculatum Sampson's Snakeroot USDA ORPEP2 |
Catawba Drug, Dermatological Aid Root used as salve for boils, sores and wounds. Speck, Frank G., 1937, Catawba Medicines and Curative Practices, Publications of the Philadelphia Anthropological Society 1:179-197, page 188 |
| Orbexilum pedunculatum var. pedunculatum Sampson's Snakeroot USDA ORPEP2 |
Catawba Drug, Orthopedic Aid Root used as salve for broken bones. Speck, Frank G., 1937, Catawba Medicines and Curative Practices, Publications of the Philadelphia Anthropological Society 1:179-197, page 188 |
| Orbexilum pedunculatum var. psoralioides (Walt.) Isely Sampson's Snakeroot USDA ORPEP |
Cherokee Drug, Abortifacient Infusion taken for obstructed menstruation. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 55 |
| Orbexilum pedunculatum var. psoralioides (Walt.) Isely Sampson's Snakeroot USDA ORPEP |
Cherokee Drug, Diaphoretic Taken as a diaphoretic. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 55 |
| Orbexilum pedunculatum var. psoralioides (Walt.) Isely Sampson's Snakeroot USDA ORPEP |
Cherokee Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Taken for colic and indigestion. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 55 |
| Orbexilum pedunculatum var. psoralioides (Walt.) Isely Sampson's Snakeroot USDA ORPEP |
Cherokee Drug, Gynecological Aid Infusion taken to 'check discharge.' Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 55 |
| Orbexilum pedunculatum var. psoralioides (Walt.) Isely Sampson's Snakeroot USDA ORPEP |
Cherokee Drug, Tonic Taken as a tonic. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 55 |
| Oxytropis campestris (L.) DC. Cold Mountain Crazyweed USDA OXCAS3 |
Thompson Drug, Disinfectant Decoction of roots taken and poured on head in sweathouse for purification. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 504 |
| Oxytropis campestris (L.) DC. Cold Mountain Crazyweed USDA OXCAS3 |
Thompson Food, Forage Used as a common forage plant. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 516 |
| Oxytropis lagopus Nutt. Haresfoot Pointloco USDA OXLAL |
Blackfoot Drug, Dermatological Aid Plant chewed to allay swelling. McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 274 |
| Oxytropis lagopus Nutt. Haresfoot Pointloco USDA OXLAL |
Blackfoot Drug, Throat Aid Plant chewed for sore throat and swelling. Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks. Originally published in 1959, page 38 |
| Oxytropis lagopus Nutt. Haresfoot Pointloco USDA OXLAL |
Blackfoot Drug, Throat Aid Plant chewed for sore throat. McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 274 |
| Oxytropis lambertii Pursh Lambert's Crazyweed USDA OXLAL2 |
Hopi Drug, Poison Plant poisonous to cattle. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 80 |
| Oxytropis lambertii Pursh Lambert's Crazyweed USDA OXLAL2 |
Lakota Drug, Poison Plant, in quantities, poisonous to livestock and horses. Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 47 |
| Oxytropis lambertii Pursh Lambert's Crazyweed USDA OXLAL2 |
Lakota Food, Forage Whole plant and roots eaten by horses. Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 47 |
| Oxytropis lambertii Pursh Lambert's Crazyweed USDA OXLAL2 |
Navajo Other, Ceremonial Items Plant offered to the bighorn at the Night Chant. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 57 |
| Oxytropis lambertii Pursh Lambert's Crazyweed USDA OXLAL2 |
Navajo, Kayenta Drug, Laxative Plant used for constipation. Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 28 |