| Gymnocladus dioicus (L.) K. Koch Kentucky Coffeetree USDA GYDI |
Meskwaki Food, Unspecified Roasted seeds eaten. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 260 |
| Gymnocladus dioicus (L.) K. Koch Kentucky Coffeetree USDA GYDI |
Omaha Drug, Dietary Aid Bark used as an appetizer. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 335 |
| Gymnocladus dioicus (L.) K. Koch Kentucky Coffeetree USDA GYDI |
Omaha Drug, Gynecological Aid Powdered root mixed with water and given to women during protracted labor. Fletcher, Alice C. and Francis La Flesche, 1911, The Omaha Tribe, SI-BAE Annual Report #27, page 584 |
| Gymnocladus dioicus (L.) K. Koch Kentucky Coffeetree USDA GYDI |
Omaha Drug, Hemostat Root bark used for hemorrhages, especially from nose and during childbirth. Fletcher, Alice C. and Francis La Flesche, 1911, The Omaha Tribe, SI-BAE Annual Report #27, page 584 |
| Gymnocladus dioicus (L.) K. Koch Kentucky Coffeetree USDA GYDI |
Omaha Drug, Kidney Aid Root used 'when kidneys failed to act.' Fletcher, Alice C. and Francis La Flesche, 1911, The Omaha Tribe, SI-BAE Annual Report #27, page 584 |
| Gymnocladus dioicus (L.) K. Koch Kentucky Coffeetree USDA GYDI |
Omaha Drug, Laxative Infusion of root used as an enema and infallible remedy for constipation. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 89, 90 |
| Gymnocladus dioicus (L.) K. Koch Kentucky Coffeetree USDA GYDI |
Omaha Drug, Stimulant Pulverized root bark used as snuff to cause sneezing in comatose patient. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 89, 90 |
| Gymnocladus dioicus (L.) K. Koch Kentucky Coffeetree USDA GYDI |
Omaha Drug, Tonic Bark used as a tonic. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 335 |
| Gymnocladus dioicus (L.) K. Koch Kentucky Coffeetree USDA GYDI |
Oto Drug, Laxative Infusion of root used as an enema and infallible remedy for constipation. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 89, 90 |
| Gymnocladus dioicus (L.) K. Koch Kentucky Coffeetree USDA GYDI |
Pawnee Drug, Analgesic Pulverized pod sniffed to cause sneezing for headaches. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 89, 90 |
| Gymnocladus dioicus (L.) K. Koch Kentucky Coffeetree USDA GYDI |
Pawnee Drug, Stimulant Pulverized root bark used as snuff to cause sneezing in comatose patient. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 89, 90 |
| Gymnocladus dioicus (L.) K. Koch Kentucky Coffeetree USDA GYDI |
Pawnee Food, Unspecified Roasted seeds eaten like chestnuts. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 89 |
| Gymnocladus dioicus (L.) K. Koch Kentucky Coffeetree USDA GYDI |
Ponca Drug, Laxative Infusion of root used as an enema and infallible remedy for constipation. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 89, 90 |
| Gymnocladus dioicus (L.) K. Koch Kentucky Coffeetree USDA GYDI |
Ponca Drug, Stimulant Pulverized root bark used as snuff to cause sneezing in comatose patient. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 89, 90 |
| Gymnocladus dioicus (L.) K. Koch Kentucky Coffeetree USDA GYDI |
Winnebago Drug, Laxative Infusion of root used as an enema and infallible remedy for constipation. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 89, 90 |
| Gymnocladus dioicus (L.) K. Koch Kentucky Coffeetree USDA GYDI |
Winnebago Drug, Stimulant Pulverized root bark used as snuff to cause sneezing in comatose patient. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 89, 90 |
| Gymnocladus dioicus (L.) K. Koch Kentucky Coffeetree USDA GYDI |
Winnebago Food, Unspecified Seeds pounded in a mortar and used for food. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 89 |
| Gymnocladus dioicus (L.) K. Koch Kentucky Coffeetree USDA GYDI |
Winnebago Other, Toys & Games Seeds used as counters or tally checks in gambling. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 89 |
| Hedysarum alpinum L. Alpine Sweetvetch USDA HEAL |
Alaska Native Food, Unspecified Roots eaten raw, boiled or roasted. Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 121 |
| Hedysarum alpinum L. Alpine Sweetvetch USDA HEAL |
Eskimo, Arctic Food, Forage Root tubers eaten by brown and black bears and meadow mice. Porsild, A.E., 1953, Edible Plants of the Arctic, Arctic 6:15-34, page 30 |
| Hedysarum alpinum L. Alpine Sweetvetch USDA HEAL |
Eskimo, Arctic Food, Vegetable Tubers located in mice 'caches' by specially trained dogs and eaten. Porsild, A.E., 1953, Edible Plants of the Arctic, Arctic 6:15-34, page 30 |
| Hedysarum alpinum L. Alpine Sweetvetch USDA HEAL |
Eskimo, Inupiat Food, Frozen Food Roots frozen for future use. Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska. Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 115 |
| Hedysarum alpinum L. Alpine Sweetvetch USDA HEAL |
Eskimo, Inupiat Food, Vegetable Roots, always with some kind of oil, eaten raw or cooked. Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska. Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 115 |
| Hedysarum alpinum L. Alpine Sweetvetch USDA HEAL |
Eskimo, Inupiat Food, Winter Use Food Roots stored in buried sacks for winter use. Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska. Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 115 |
| Hedysarum alpinum L. Alpine Sweetvetch USDA HEAL |
Eskimo, Inupiat Food, Winter Use Food Roots stored in seal oil, fish oil or bear fat for winter use. Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska. Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 115 |
| Hedysarum alpinum L. Alpine Sweetvetch USDA HEAL |
Tanana, Upper Food, Beverage Fried roots, with or without grease, used to make tea. Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 14 |
| Hedysarum alpinum L. Alpine Sweetvetch USDA HEAL |
Tanana, Upper Food, Vegetable Roots dipped in or mixed with grease and eaten. Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 14 |
| Hedysarum alpinum L. Alpine Sweetvetch USDA HEAL |
Tanana, Upper Food, Vegetable Roots eaten raw, roasted over a fire, fried or boiled. Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 14 |
| Hedysarum alpinum L. Alpine Sweetvetch USDA HEAL |
Tanana, Upper Food, Winter Use Food Roots stored, with or without grease, in a birchbark basket in an underground cache. Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 14 |
| Hedysarum alpinum L. Alpine Sweetvetch USDA HEAL |
Tanana, Upper Food, Winter Use Food Used in the winter during times of food shortage. A large fire was set over an area where the Indians knew the roots to be abundant. By thawing the ground this way, they were able to dig them out. Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 14 |
| Hedysarum boreale Nutt. Northern Sweetvetch USDA HEBOB2 |
Eskimo, Arctic Food, Forage Roots eaten by the brown bears, meadow mice and lemmings. Porsild, A.E., 1937, Edible Roots and Berries of Northern Canada, Canada Department of Mines and Resources, National Museum of Canada, page 1 |
| Hedysarum boreale Nutt. Northern Sweetvetch USDA HEBOB2 |
Eskimo, Arctic Food, Vegetable Roots located in mice 'caches' by dogs and eaten. Porsild, A.E., 1937, Edible Roots and Berries of Northern Canada, Canada Department of Mines and Resources, National Museum of Canada, page 1 |
| Hedysarum boreale ssp. mackenziei (Richards.) Welsh Mackenzie's Sweetvetch USDA HEBOM |
Alaska Native Drug, Poison Plant considered poisonous. Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 155 |
| Hedysarum boreale ssp. mackenziei (Richards.) Welsh Mackenzie's Sweetvetch USDA HEBOM |
Eskimo, Inupiat Drug, Poison Roots considered poisonous. Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska. Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 142 |
| Hedysarum boreale ssp. mackenziei (Richards.) Welsh Mackenzie's Sweetvetch USDA HEBOM |
Tanana, Upper Drug, Poison Plant considered poisonous. Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 14 |
| Hedysarum boreale ssp. mackenziei (Richards.) Welsh Mackenzie's Sweetvetch USDA HEBOM |
Tanana, Upper Food, Unspecified Roots eaten fresh and boiled. McKennan, Robert A., 1959, The Upper Tanana Indians, Yale University Publications in Anthropology, No. 55, page 36 |
| Hedysarum boreale ssp. mackenziei (Richards.) Welsh Mackenzie's Sweetvetch USDA HEBOM |
Tanana, Upper Food, Unspecified Roots used for food. Guedon, Marie-Francoise, 1974, People Of Tetlin, Why Are You Singing?, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 9, page 28 |
| Hedysarum boreale ssp. mackenziei (Richards.) Welsh Mackenzie's Sweetvetch USDA HEBOM |
Tanana, Upper Food, Winter Use Food Fresh roots stored underground in brush lined caches for future use. McKennan, Robert A., 1959, The Upper Tanana Indians, Yale University Publications in Anthropology, No. 55, page 36 |
| Hedysarum boreale ssp. mackenziei (Richards.) Welsh Mackenzie's Sweetvetch USDA HEBOM |
Ute Drug, Unspecified Roots used as medicine. Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1909, Some Plant Names of the Ute Indians, American Anthropologist 11:27-40, page 35 |
| Hedysarum sp. |
Eskimo, Alaska Food, Vegetable Fleshy roots used the same as potatoes. Anderson, J. P., 1939, Plants Used by the Eskimo of the Northern Bering Sea and Arctic Regions of Alaska, American Journal of Botany 26:714-16, page 715 |
| Hoffmannseggia glauca (Ortega) Eifert Indian Rushpea USDA HOGL2 |
Apache Food, Unspecified Potatoes roasted and eaten much more commonly in the past than currently. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 52 |
| Hoffmannseggia glauca (Ortega) Eifert Indian Rushpea USDA HOGL2 |
Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero Food, Unspecified Roots eaten either raw or cooked. Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 42 |
| Hoffmannseggia glauca (Ortega) Eifert Indian Rushpea USDA HOGL2 |
Cocopa Food, Unspecified Tuberous roots utilized as food. Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 207 |
| Hoffmannseggia glauca (Ortega) Eifert Indian Rushpea USDA HOGL2 |
Pima Food, Unspecified Bulbs eaten raw or boiled. Hrdlicka, Ales, 1908, Physiological and Medical Observations Among the Indians of Southwestern United States and Northern Mexico, SI-BAE Bulletin #34:1-427, page 262 |
| Hoffmannseggia glauca (Ortega) Eifert Indian Rushpea USDA HOGL2 |
Pima Food, Vegetable Tubers boiled and eaten like potatoes. Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 92 |
| Hoffmannseggia glauca (Ortega) Eifert Indian Rushpea USDA HOGL2 |
Pima, Gila River Food, Unspecified Roots boiled or roasted and eaten. Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 7 |
| Hoffmannseggia glauca (Ortega) Eifert Indian Rushpea USDA HOGL2 |
Pima, Gila River Food, Unspecified Tubers eaten. Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 5 |
| Hoffmannseggia glauca (Ortega) Eifert Indian Rushpea USDA HOGL2 |
Pueblo Food, Unspecified Potatoes roasted and eaten much more commonly in the past than currently. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 52 |
| Hoita macrostachya (DC.) Rydb. Large Leatherroot USDA HOMA4 |
Cahuilla Dye, Yellow Roots boiled with basket weeds as a yellow dye. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121 |
| Hoita macrostachya (DC.) Rydb. Large Leatherroot USDA HOMA4 |
California Indian Fiber, Cordage Root fiber used to make rope. Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks. Originally published in 1959, page 59 |