| Quercus sp. Red Oak |
Navajo Fiber, Basketry Twigs used as the framework of a temporary carrying basket. A temporary carrying basket was made of two staves or bows of oak twigs crossed in the center and brought upwards to the hoop. This framework was then covered with sheep or goatskin. These carrying baskets were usually made in the field for carrying yucca fruits. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 40 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Navajo Other, Ceremonial Items Wood tied with yucca and used to make circle prayersticks. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 60 |
| Rhus trilobata var. pilosissima Engelm. Pubescent Squawbush USDA RHTRP |
Southwest Indians Fiber, Basketry Stems used to make the warp and weft of baskets. Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII. The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 35 |
| Sphaeralcea angustifolia (Cav.) G. Don Copper Globemallow USDA SPAN3 |
Keres, Western Other, Preservative Leaves used while drying wild leafed yucca, to prevent spoiling. Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 71 |
| Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torr.) Gray Sand Dropseed USDA SPCR |
Navajo, Ramah Fiber, Scouring Material Bunch about a foot long, tied with string or yucca fiber, used as a brush for cleaning metates. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 17 |
| Symphyotrichum falcatum var. commutatum (Torr. & Gray) Nesom Cluster Aster USDA SYFAC |
Zuni Drug, Dermatological Aid Ground blossoms mixed with yucca suds and used to wash newborn infants and make their hair grow. Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 84 |
| Symphyotrichum falcatum var. commutatum (Torr. & Gray) Nesom Cluster Aster USDA SYFAC |
Zuni Drug, Pediatric Aid Ground blossoms mixed with yucca suds and used to wash newborn infants. This medicine was said to make the hair grow on the head and to give strength to the body. Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 84 |
| Symphyotrichum falcatum var. commutatum (Torr. & Gray) Nesom Cluster Aster USDA SYFAC |
Zuni Drug, Strengthener Ground blossoms mixed with yucca suds and used as a strengthening wash for newborn infants. Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 84 |
| Thelesperma megapotamicum (Spreng.) Kuntze Hopi Tea Greenthread USDA THME |
Hopi Dye, Red-Brown Flowers used as a reddish brown dye for basket making yucca fibers. Fewkes, J. Walter, 1896, A Contribution to Ethnobotany, American Anthropologist 9:14-21, page 15 |
| Yucca aloifolia L. Aloe Yucca USDA YUAL |
Choctaw Drug, Dermatological Aid Boiled mashed root with grease or tallow used as salve for various purposes. Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 24 |
| Yucca aloifolia L. Aloe Yucca USDA YUAL |
Choctaw Drug, Unspecified Decoction of roots used as a salve for various purposes. Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 9 |
| Yucca angustissima Engelm. ex Trel. Narrowleaf Yucca USDA YUANA2 |
Apache Drug, Snake Bite Remedy Emulsion used in cases of snake or insect bites. Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII. The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 51 |
| Yucca angustissima Engelm. ex Trel. Narrowleaf Yucca USDA YUANA2 |
Apache Fiber, Cordage Leaves split and used as string. Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII. The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 40 |
| Yucca angustissima Engelm. ex Trel. Narrowleaf Yucca USDA YUANA2 |
Apache Other, Soap Roots pounded and placed in water to form suds used in bathing and shampooing. Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII. The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 57 |
| Yucca angustissima Engelm. ex Trel. Narrowleaf Yucca USDA YUANA2 |
Havasupai Other, Fasteners Leaves used to tie or repair holes in sacking. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 213 |
| Yucca angustissima Engelm. ex Trel. Narrowleaf Yucca USDA YUANA2 |
Havasupai Other, Toys & Games Leaves used as tally sticks to keep track of scores in the hidden ball game. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 213 |
| Yucca angustissima Engelm. ex Trel. Narrowleaf Yucca USDA YUANA2 |
Hopi Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Crushed root used in purification ceremony. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 71 |
| Yucca angustissima Engelm. ex Trel. Narrowleaf Yucca USDA YUANA2 |
Hopi Drug, Dermatological Aid Crushed root used as shampoo for baldness. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 71 |
| Yucca angustissima Engelm. ex Trel. Narrowleaf Yucca USDA YUANA2 |
Hopi Drug, Disinfectant Crushed root used in purification ceremony. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 71 |
| Yucca angustissima Engelm. ex Trel. Narrowleaf Yucca USDA YUANA2 |
Hopi Drug, Laxative Root used as a strong laxative. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 34, 71 |
| Yucca angustissima Engelm. ex Trel. Narrowleaf Yucca USDA YUANA2 |
Hopi Fiber, Basketry Leaves used in many types of basketry. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 71 |
| Yucca angustissima Engelm. ex Trel. Narrowleaf Yucca USDA YUANA2 |
Hopi Fiber, Brushes & Brooms Leaf splints used as brushes to apply color to pottery. Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII. The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 50 |
| Yucca angustissima Engelm. ex Trel. Narrowleaf Yucca USDA YUANA2 |
Hopi Fiber, Sewing Material Narrow, split leaf strips used as sewing material for coiled plaques. Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII. The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 33 |
| Yucca angustissima Engelm. ex Trel. Narrowleaf Yucca USDA YUANA2 |
Hopi Food, Fruit Fruit sometimes used for food. Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII. The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 64 |
| Yucca angustissima Engelm. ex Trel. Narrowleaf Yucca USDA YUANA2 |
Hopi Food, Fruit Fruits pit baked with lambsquarter leaves and eaten with corn dumplings in salted water. Nequatewa, Edmund, 1943, Some Hopi Recipes for the Preparation of Wild Plant Foods, Plateau 18:18-20, page 18 |
| Yucca angustissima Engelm. ex Trel. Narrowleaf Yucca USDA YUANA2 |
Hopi Other, Ceremonial Items Roots crushed to make soap, used ceremonially as a purification rite & suds associated with clouds. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 71 |
| Yucca angustissima Engelm. ex Trel. Narrowleaf Yucca USDA YUANA2 |
Hopi Other, Ceremonial Items Used as a whip during ceremonies. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 71 |
| Yucca angustissima Engelm. ex Trel. Narrowleaf Yucca USDA YUANA2 |
Hopi Other, Decorations Shredded leaves used to make the packing for the spirals of a plaque. Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII. The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 34 |
| Yucca angustissima Engelm. ex Trel. Narrowleaf Yucca USDA YUANA2 |
Hopi Other, Paint Juice used as a varnish on certain kachinas. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 71 |
| Yucca angustissima Engelm. ex Trel. Narrowleaf Yucca USDA YUANA2 |
Hopi Other, Soap Roots crushed with stones and used as soap. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 71 |
| Yucca angustissima Engelm. ex Trel. Narrowleaf Yucca USDA YUANA2 |
Southwest Indians Fiber, Cordage Leaves used to make strings. Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII. The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 37 |
| Yucca angustissima Engelm. ex Trel. Narrowleaf Yucca USDA YUANA2 |
Southwest Indians Food, Starvation Food Used when agricultural reserves dwindled. Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII. The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 10 |
| Yucca angustissima Engelm. ex Trel. Narrowleaf Yucca USDA YUANA2 |
Southwest Indians Other, Ceremonial Items Roots made into suds and used during marriage ceremonies. As part of the marriage ceremony, the groom's head was washed by his future mother-in-law, while that of the bride was washed by the bridegroom's mother. Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII. The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 55 |
| Yucca baccata Torr. Banana Yucca USDA YUBAB |
Acoma Food, Beverage Dried fruits dissolved in water to make a drink. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 54 |
| Yucca baccata Torr. Banana Yucca USDA YUBAB |
Acoma Food, Bread & Cake Fruits baked, boiled, dried, rolled into loaves and stored for winter use. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 54 |
| Yucca baccata Torr. Banana Yucca USDA YUBAB |
Acoma Food, Dried Food Fruits sun dried and stored for winter use. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 55 |
| Yucca baccata Torr. Banana Yucca USDA YUBAB |
Acoma Food, Fruit Fruits eaten raw, boiled or baked. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 55 |
| Yucca baccata Torr. Banana Yucca USDA YUBAB |
Acoma Food, Preserves Dried fruits eaten as a paste. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 54 |
| Yucca baccata Torr. Banana Yucca USDA YUBAB |
Acoma Food, Sauce & Relish Dried fruits dissolved in water and used as a dip. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 54 |
| Yucca baccata Torr. Banana Yucca USDA YUBAB |
Acoma Food, Starvation Food Tender crowns roasted and eaten in times of food shortages. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 55 |
| Yucca baccata Torr. Banana Yucca USDA YUBAB |
Apache Fiber, Basketry Leaves used for the main portion of the baskets. Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII. The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 35 |
| Yucca baccata Torr. Banana Yucca USDA YUBAB |
Apache Fiber, Cordage Leaves split and used as string. Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII. The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 40 |
| Yucca baccata Torr. Banana Yucca USDA YUBAB |
Apache Food, Beverage Baked fruit pounded to a pulp, drained and juice drunk. Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII. The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 18 |
| Yucca baccata Torr. Banana Yucca USDA YUBAB |
Apache Food, Bread & Cake Fruit roasted, pulp made into cakes and stored. Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII. The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 18 |
| Yucca baccata Torr. Banana Yucca USDA YUBAB |
Apache Food, Sauce & Relish Baked fruit pounded to a pulp, drained and juice poured over cakes. Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII. The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 18 |
| Yucca baccata Torr. Banana Yucca USDA YUBAB |
Apache Food, Soup Young leaves cooked in soups or with meat. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 56 |
| Yucca baccata Torr. Banana Yucca USDA YUBAB |
Apache Food, Unspecified Flowers eaten as food only if obtained at the proper time. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 56 |
| Yucca baccata Torr. Banana Yucca USDA YUBAB |
Apache Food, Vegetable Flowers eaten as a vegetable only if obtained before the summer rains. Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII. The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 19 |
| Yucca baccata Torr. Banana Yucca USDA YUBAB |
Apache Other, Containers Thick portion of stalk used as hearth when making fire. Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII. The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 51 |
| Yucca baccata Torr. Banana Yucca USDA YUBAB |
Apache Other, Designs Roots used to produce a red pattern in baskets. Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII. The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 35 |