| Cicuta douglasii (DC.) Coult. & Rose Western Water Hemlock USDA CIDO |
Alaska Native Drug, Poison Roots considered poisonous. Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 153 |
| Cicuta douglasii (DC.) Coult. & Rose Western Water Hemlock USDA CIDO |
Bella Coola Drug, Cathartic Roots used as a purgative. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 61 |
| Cicuta douglasii (DC.) Coult. & Rose Western Water Hemlock USDA CIDO |
Bella Coola Drug, Emetic Infusion of grated tubers taken as an emetic to 'clean out the bile in the stomach.' Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 200 |
| Cicuta douglasii (DC.) Coult. & Rose Western Water Hemlock USDA CIDO |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Drug, Poison Roots considered poisonous. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 212 |
| Cicuta douglasii (DC.) Coult. & Rose Western Water Hemlock USDA CIDO |
Kawaiisu Drug, Analgesic 'Mashed root put on a hot stone and sore limbs laid directly over it.' Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 20 |
| Cicuta douglasii (DC.) Coult. & Rose Western Water Hemlock USDA CIDO |
Kawaiisu Drug, Orthopedic Aid 'Mashed root put on a hot stone and sore limbs laid directly over it.' Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 20 |
| Cicuta douglasii (DC.) Coult. & Rose Western Water Hemlock USDA CIDO |
Kawaiisu Drug, Poison Plant considered poisonous. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 20 |
| Cicuta douglasii (DC.) Coult. & Rose Western Water Hemlock USDA CIDO |
Kutenai Drug, Dermatological Aid Roots pounded and used for sores. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 71 |
| Cicuta douglasii (DC.) Coult. & Rose Western Water Hemlock USDA CIDO |
Kutenai Drug, Emetic Infusion of roots taken with large amounts of warm water as an emetic. This remedy was used cautiously because of the poisonous effects of larger doses of water hemlocks. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 71 |
| Cicuta douglasii (DC.) Coult. & Rose Western Water Hemlock USDA CIDO |
Kwakiutl Drug, Antidiarrheal Cold, compound infusion of burned, pulverized bark taken for diarrhea. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 270 |
| Cicuta douglasii (DC.) Coult. & Rose Western Water Hemlock USDA CIDO |
Kwakiutl Drug, Cathartic Poultice of soaked roots applied to the stomach as a purgative. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 276 |
| Cicuta douglasii (DC.) Coult. & Rose Western Water Hemlock USDA CIDO |
Kwakiutl Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of roots applied to draw out thorns and splinters. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 276 |
| Cicuta douglasii (DC.) Coult. & Rose Western Water Hemlock USDA CIDO |
Kwakiutl Drug, Emetic Root extract and grease taken to induce vomiting. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 276 |
| Cicuta douglasii (DC.) Coult. & Rose Western Water Hemlock USDA CIDO |
Kwakiutl Drug, Misc. Disease Remedy Roots smashed, steamed, peeled, powdered, mixed with oil and taken for any serious disease. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 276 |
| Cicuta douglasii (DC.) Coult. & Rose Western Water Hemlock USDA CIDO |
Kwakiutl Drug, Poison Plant considered highly poisonous. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 276 |
| Cicuta douglasii (DC.) Coult. & Rose Western Water Hemlock USDA CIDO |
Montana Indian Drug, Analgesic Roots used for headaches. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 71 |
| Cicuta douglasii (DC.) Coult. & Rose Western Water Hemlock USDA CIDO |
Montana Indian Drug, Snake Bite Remedy Poultice of split roots used for rattlesnake bites. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 71 |
| Cicuta douglasii (DC.) Coult. & Rose Western Water Hemlock USDA CIDO |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Poison Plant considered a very bad poison. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 60 |
| Cicuta douglasii (DC.) Coult. & Rose Western Water Hemlock USDA CIDO |
Okanagan-Colville Other, Weapon Roots powdered and used as an arrow poison during warfare. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 60 |
| Cicuta douglasii (DC.) Coult. & Rose Western Water Hemlock USDA CIDO |
Paiute Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Decoction of mashed roots used as a soothing solution for 'rheumatism' and tired and aching feet. Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 96 |
| Cicuta douglasii (DC.) Coult. & Rose Western Water Hemlock USDA CIDO |
Salish, Coast Drug, Cathartic Used with caution as a purgative. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 89 |
| Cicuta douglasii (DC.) Coult. & Rose Western Water Hemlock USDA CIDO |
Salish, Coast Drug, Emetic Used with caution to induce vomiting. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 89 |
| Cicuta douglasii (DC.) Coult. & Rose Western Water Hemlock USDA CIDO |
Shuswap Drug, Poison Plant considered poisonous. Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 56 |
| Cicuta douglasii (DC.) Coult. & Rose Western Water Hemlock USDA CIDO |
Thompson Drug, Analgesic Decoction of plant used as a wash for aching bones. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 150 |
| Cicuta douglasii (DC.) Coult. & Rose Western Water Hemlock USDA CIDO |
Thompson Drug, Analgesic Poultice of root used for severe pain in the legs and back. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 150 |
| Cicuta douglasii (DC.) Coult. & Rose Western Water Hemlock USDA CIDO |
Thompson Drug, Orthopedic Aid Boiled, roots used by bedridden patients or poultice of roots used for broken hips. The bedridden patient's back was splashed with water and the boiled, mashed roots placed on the back to help the patient recover. The informant warned that the poultice should not be left on for more than half of an hour and that because of its toxicity, it should never be taken internally. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 150 |
| Cicuta douglasii (DC.) Coult. & Rose Western Water Hemlock USDA CIDO |
Thompson Drug, Orthopedic Aid Decoction of plant used as a wash for broken bones. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 150 |
| Cicuta douglasii (DC.) Coult. & Rose Western Water Hemlock USDA CIDO |
Thompson Drug, Panacea Root eaten to protect against disease and give feeling of 'perfect wellness.' Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 476 |
| Cicuta douglasii (DC.) Coult. & Rose Western Water Hemlock USDA CIDO |
Thompson Drug, Poison Considered one of the most toxic plants in North America for people, horses, cattle and sheep. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 150 |
| Cicuta douglasii (DC.) Coult. & Rose Western Water Hemlock USDA CIDO |
Thompson Drug, Poison Roots known to be poisonous to both humans and animals. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 513 |
| Cicuta douglasii (DC.) Coult. & Rose Western Water Hemlock USDA CIDO |
Thompson Drug, Veterinary Aid Roots known to be poisonous to animals. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 513 |
| Cicuta maculata L. Spotted Water Hemlock USDA CIMAM |
Alaska Native Drug, Poison Roots considered poisonous. Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 153 |
| Cicuta maculata L. Spotted Water Hemlock USDA CIMAM |
Cherokee Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Root chewed, if dizziness occurred person would die soon, if not, long life. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 31 |
| Cicuta maculata L. Spotted Water Hemlock USDA CIMAM |
Cherokee Drug, Contraceptive Roots chewed and swallowed by women as form of contraception and become sterile. Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 45 |
| Cicuta maculata L. Spotted Water Hemlock USDA CIMAM |
Cherokee Drug, Contraceptive Roots eaten for four consecutive days 'to become sterile forever.' Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 31 |
| Cicuta maculata L. Spotted Water Hemlock USDA CIMAM |
Cherokee Other, Insecticide Infusion of root used to soak corn before planting to repel insect pests. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 31 |
| Cicuta maculata L. Spotted Water Hemlock USDA CIMAM |
Chippewa Other, Smoke Plant Seeds mixed with tobacco and smoked. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 377 |
| Cicuta maculata L. Spotted Water Hemlock USDA CIMAM |
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Dried roots powdered, made into a liniment and applied externally. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 35 |
| Cicuta maculata L. Spotted Water Hemlock USDA CIMAM |
Iroquois Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of smashed roots applied for lameness, running sores or cuts. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 398 |
| Cicuta maculata L. Spotted Water Hemlock USDA CIMAM |
Iroquois Drug, Disinfectant Handling plants caused fits and decoction used as floor wash to prevent disease. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 398 |
| Cicuta maculata L. Spotted Water Hemlock USDA CIMAM |
Iroquois Drug, Orthopedic Aid Decoction of plants used on bruises, sprains, sore joints or broken bones. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 398 |
| Cicuta maculata L. Spotted Water Hemlock USDA CIMAM |
Iroquois Drug, Poison Roots chewed to commit suicide. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 398 |
| Cicuta maculata L. Spotted Water Hemlock USDA CIMAM |
Iroquois Drug, Veterinary Aid Poultice of smashed roots applied to horses for lameness or running sores. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 398 |
| Cicuta maculata L. Spotted Water Hemlock USDA CIMAM |
Klamath Drug, Poison Poisonous roots mixed with rattlesnake poison or decomposed animal liver and used to poison arrows. Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 101 |
| Cicuta maculata L. Spotted Water Hemlock USDA CIMAM |
Lakota Drug, Poison Plant poisonous to humans. Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 33 |
| Cicuta maculata L. Spotted Water Hemlock USDA CIMAM |
Ojibwa Drug, Hunting Medicine Root used in hunting medicine smoked to attract the buck deer near enough to shoot with bow & arrow. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 432 |
| Cicuta maculata L. Spotted Water Hemlock USDA CIMAM |
Ojibwa Drug, Unspecified Root used medicinally. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 390 |
| Cicuta maculata var. angustifolia Hook. Spotted Water Hemlock USDA CIMAA |
Montana Indian Drug, Poison Fleshy roots known as a virulent poison and sometimes used for suicide. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 10 |
| Cicuta maculata var. angustifolia Hook. Spotted Water Hemlock USDA CIMAA |
Paiute Drug, Analgesic Poultice of roasted roots applied to 'deaden muscular pain.' Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 58, 59 |
| Cicuta maculata var. angustifolia Hook. Spotted Water Hemlock USDA CIMAA |
Paiute Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Poultice of roasted roots applied to rheumatic joints. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 58, 59 |