| Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium ssp. obtusifolium Rabbit Tobacco USDA PSOBO |
Montagnais Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of plant taken for coughing. Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 314 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Apache, White Mountain Drug, Cough Medicine Pitch used for coughs. Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 159 |
| Psoralidium tenuiflorum (Pursh) Rydb. Slimflower Scurfpea USDA PSTE5 |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Veterinary Aid Plant used several ways for sheep with coughs. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 34 |
| Psorothamnus polydenius var. polydenius Nevada Smokebush USDA PSPOP |
Paiute Drug, Cough Medicine Plant used in a variety of ways for coughs. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 64-66 |
| Psorothamnus polydenius var. polydenius Nevada Smokebush USDA PSPOP |
Paiute Drug, Pulmonary Aid Sweetened decoction of stems taken for whooping cough. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 64-66 |
| Psorothamnus polydenius var. polydenius Nevada Smokebush USDA PSPOP |
Shoshoni Drug, Cough Medicine Plant used in a variety of ways for coughs. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 64-66 |
| Purshia stansburiana (Torr.) Henrickson Stansbury Cliffrose USDA PUST |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of leaves taken for bad cough. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 30 |
| Purshia tridentata (Pursh) DC. Antelope Bitterbrush USDA PUTR2 |
Klamath Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion of root taken for coughs. Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 98 |
| Purshia tridentata (Pursh) DC. Antelope Bitterbrush USDA PUTR2 |
Klamath Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion of roots taken for coughs. Spier, Leslie, 1930, Klamath Ethnography, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 30:1-338, page 131 |
| Pycnanthemum virginianum (L.) T. Dur. & B.D. Jackson ex B.L. Robins. & Fern. Virginia Mountainmint USDA PYVI |
Lakota Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion of plant taken for coughs. Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 50 |
| Pyrola asarifolia Michx. Liverleaf Wintergreen USDA PYASA |
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Antihemorrhagic Decoction of plant taken for coughing up blood. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 54 |
| Pyrola sp. Wintergreen |
Blackfoot Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion of flowers given to children with coughs. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 73 |
| Pyrola sp. Wintergreen |
Blackfoot Drug, Pediatric Aid Infusion of flowers given to children with coughs. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 73 |
| Quercus alba L. White Oak USDA QUAL |
Delaware Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion of bark used for severe coughs. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 30 |
| Quercus alba L. White Oak USDA QUAL |
Delaware, Oklahoma Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion of bark taken for severe cough. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 25, 78 |
| Quercus lobata N‚e California White Oak USDA QULO |
Miwok Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of bark taken as a cough medicine. Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 172 |
| Quercus rubra L. Northern Red Oak USDA QURUR |
Delaware Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion of bark used for severe coughs. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 30 |
| Quercus rubra L. Northern Red Oak USDA QURUR |
Delaware, Oklahoma Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion of bark taken for severe cough. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 25, 78 |
| Quercus sp. Red Oak |
Neeshenam Drug, Cough Medicine Burning pitch smoke inhaled for coughs. Powers, Stephen, 1874, Aboriginal Botany, Proceedings of the California Academy of Science 5:373-9., page 374 |
| Quercus wislizeni A. DC. Interior Live Oak USDA QUWIW |
Miwok Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of bark taken as a cough medicine. Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 172 |
| Ratibida tagetes (James) Barnh. Green Prairie Coneflower USDA RATA |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Cough Medicine Cold infusion of leaves taken for coughs. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 52 |
| Rhamnus ilicifolia Kellogg Hollyleaf Redberry USDA RHIL |
Kawaiisu Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of roots and bark taken for coughs. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 58 |
| Rhus ovata S. Wats. Sugar Sumac USDA RHOV |
Cahuilla Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion of leaves taken for coughs. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 131 |
| Rhus ovata S. Wats. Sugar Sumac USDA RHOV |
Coahuilla Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion of leaves taken for coughs. Barrows, David Prescott, 1967, The Ethno-Botany of the Coahuilla Indians of Southern California, Banning CA. Malki Museum Press. Originally Published 1900, page 78 |
| Rhus sp. Sumac |
Iroquois Drug, Cough Medicine Compound decoction of roots taken for coughs. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 370 |
| Rhus sp. Sumac |
Iroquois Drug, Pulmonary Aid Berries used for whooping cough. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 373 |
| Rhus typhina L. Staghorn Sumac USDA RHHI2 |
Malecite Drug, Cough Medicine Used with blackberry roots, mountain holly, lily roots and mountain raspberry roots for coughs. Mechling, W.H., 1959, The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs, Anthropologica 8:239-263, page 251 |
| Rhus typhina L. Staghorn Sumac USDA RHHI2 |
Menominee Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of 'red top' sweetened, strained, 'boiled down' and used for coughs. Densmore, Francis, 1932, Menominee Music, SI-BAE Bulletin #102, page 130 |
| Rosa acicularis Lindl. Prickly Rose USDA ROACA |
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of roots taken as a cough remedy. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 55 |
| Rosa woodsii Lindl. Woods' Rose USDA ROWOW |
Thompson Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion of one handful of washed hips taken for coughs. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267 |
| Rosa woodsii Lindl. Woods' Rose USDA ROWOW |
Thompson Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion of sticks taken for coughs. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267 |
| Rosa woodsii Lindl. Woods' Rose USDA ROWOW |
Thompson Drug, Pediatric Aid Infusion of one handful of washed hips taken, especially by babies, for coughs. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267 |
| Rosa woodsii Lindl. Woods' Rose USDA ROWOW |
Thompson Drug, Pediatric Aid Infusion of sticks taken for coughs, especially babies' coughs. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 267 |
| Rubus allegheniensis Porter Allegheny Blackberry USDA RUALA |
Iroquois Drug, Cough Medicine Compound decoction of roots taken for coughs. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 357 |
| Rubus chamaemorus L. Cloudberry USDA RUCH |
Micmac Drug, Cough Medicine Roots used for cough. Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 61 |
| Rubus hispidus L. Bristly Dewberry USDA RUHI |
Micmac Drug, Cough Medicine Roots used for cough. Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 61 |
| Rubus idaeus L. American Red Raspberry USDA RUIDI |
Cherokee Drug, Cough Medicine Root chewed for cough. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 52 |
| Rubus occidentalis L. Black Raspberry USDA RUOC |
Cherokee Drug, Cough Medicine Root chewed for cough. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 52 |
| Rubus occidentalis L. Black Raspberry USDA RUOC |
Iroquois Drug, Pediatric Aid Decoction of roots, stalks and leaves given to children with whooping cough. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 356 |
| Rubus occidentalis L. Black Raspberry USDA RUOC |
Iroquois Drug, Pulmonary Aid Decoction of roots, stalks and leaves given to children with whooping cough. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 356 |
| Rubus odoratus L. Purpleflowering Raspberry USDA RUODO |
Cherokee Drug, Cough Medicine Root chewed for cough. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 52 |
| Rubus sp. |
Cherokee Drug, Cough Medicine Root chewed for coughs. Witthoft, John, 1947, An Early Cherokee Ethnobotanical Note, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 37(3):73-75, page 74 |
| Rumex crispus L. Curly Dock USDA RUCRC |
Thompson Drug, Cough Medicine Plant used as a cough medicine. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 239 |
| Rumex crispus L. Curly Dock USDA RUCRC |
Yavapai Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of tubers taken for coughs. Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 261 |
| Rumex hymenosepalus Torr. Canaigre Dock USDA RUHY |
Mahuna Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion of roots used as a gargle for coughs. Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 17 |
| Rumex hymenosepalus Torr. Canaigre Dock USDA RUHY |
Pima Drug, Cough Medicine Root chewed for coughs. Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 51 |
| Rumex obtusifolius L. Bitter Dock USDA RUOB |
Iroquois Drug, Pediatric Aid Decoction of root given to children for whooping cough. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 312 |
| Rumex obtusifolius L. Bitter Dock USDA RUOB |
Iroquois Drug, Pulmonary Aid Decoction of root given to children for whooping cough. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 312 |
| Rumex venosus Pursh Veiny Dock USDA RUVE2 |
Paiute Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of root taken for coughs. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 132133 |
| Ruta chalepensis L. Fringed Rue USDA RUCH4 |
Costanoan Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of plant used for coughs. Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 22 |