| Salix candida Fluegg‚ ex Willd. Sageleaf Willow USDA SACA4 |
Ojibwa, South Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of inner bark taken for coughs. Hoffman, W.J., 1891, The Midewiwin or 'Grand Medicine Society' of the Ojibwa, SI-BAE Annual Report #7, page 200 |
| Salix exigua Nutt. Sandbar Willow USDA SAEX |
Zuni Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion of bark taken for coughs. Camazine, Scott and Robert A. Bye, 1980, A Study Of The Medical Ethnobotany Of The Zuni Indians of New Mexico, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2:365-388, page 378 |
| Salix nigra Marsh. Black Willow USDA SANI |
Iroquois Drug, Cough Medicine Compound decoction taken for coughs. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 294 |
| Salvia apiana Jepson White Sage USDA SAAPA |
Diegueno Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion of leaves taken as a cough medicine. Hinton, Leanne, 1975, Notes on La Huerta Diegueno Ethnobotany, Journal of California Anthropology 2:214-222, page 219 |
| Salvia dorrii ssp. dorrii var. incana (Benth.) Strachan Purple Sage USDA SADOI |
Paiute Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of leaf or stem taken and poultice applied for coughs. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 136137 |
| Salvia lyrata L. Lyreleaf Sage USDA SALY2 |
Cherokee Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion taken for coughs. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 53 |
| Salvia mellifera Greene Black Sage USDA SAME3 |
Costanoan Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of plant taken for coughs. Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 16 |
| Salvia mellifera Greene Black Sage USDA SAME3 |
Mahuna Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion of plant taken for chronic bronchial coughs. Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 19 |
| Salvia mellifera Greene Black Sage USDA SAME3 |
Mahuna Drug, Respiratory Aid Infusion of plant taken for chronic bronchial coughs. Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 19 |
| Salvia officinalis L. Kitchen Sage USDA SAOF2 |
Cherokee Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion taken for coughs. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 53 |
| Sambucus racemosa var. melanocarpa (Gray) McMinn Black Elderberry USDA SARAR3 |
Paiute Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of flowers taken for coughs. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 137138 |
| Sambucus racemosa var. melanocarpa (Gray) McMinn Black Elderberry USDA SARAR3 |
Shoshoni Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of blossoms taken for coughs. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 137138 |
| Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa European Red Elderberry USDA SARAR3 |
Hoh Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion of roots or bark used for coughs. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 69 |
| Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa European Red Elderberry USDA SARAR3 |
Quileute Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion of roots or bark used for coughs. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 69 |
| Sanguinaria canadensis L. Bloodroot USDA SACA13 |
Cherokee Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of root in small doses and infusion with broomsedge used for coughs. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 26 |
| Sanguinaria canadensis L. Bloodroot USDA SACA13 |
Iroquois Drug, Cough Medicine Compound infusion of roots and liquor taken as consumption cough medicine. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 336 |
| Sanguinaria canadensis L. Bloodroot USDA SACA13 |
Iroquois Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of powdered roots or infusion of roots taken for coughs. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 337 |
| Sanguinaria canadensis L. Bloodroot USDA SACA13 |
Iroquois Drug, Other Decoction of smashed roots taken for hiccoughs. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 336 |
| Sanguinaria canadensis L. Bloodroot USDA SACA13 |
Iroquois Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Compound infusion of roots and liquor taken as consumption cough medicine. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 336 |
| Sarracenia purpurea L. Purple Pitcherplant USDA SAPUP6 |
Iroquois Drug, Pulmonary Aid Cold decoction of whole plant taken for whooping cough. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 343 |
| Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees Sassafras USDA SAAL5 |
Seminole Drug, Cough Medicine Plant used as a cough medicine. Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 281 |
| Scutellaria sp. Skullcap |
Miwok Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction taken for coughs. Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 173 |
| Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt. Russet Buffaloberry USDA SHCA |
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Antihemorrhagic Infusion of roots taken for coughing up blood. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 60 |
| Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt. Russet Buffaloberry USDA SHCA |
Gitksan Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of bark, branches and leaves taken for chronic cough. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 60 |
| Solidago odora Ait. Anisescented Goldenrod USDA SOODO |
Cherokee Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion taken for coughs. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 36 |
| Sphaeralcea angustifolia (Cav.) G. Don Copper Globemallow USDA SPAN3 |
Navajo Drug, Cough Medicine Plant used for coughs. Hocking, George M., 1956, Some Plant Materials Used Medicinally and Otherwise by the Navaho Indians in the Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, El Palacio 56:146-165, page 163 |
| Spiraea salicifolia L. Willowleaf Meadowsweet USDA SPSA2 |
Mahuna Drug, Cough Medicine Roots used for coughs. Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 18 |
| Streptopus lanceolatus var. roseus (Michx.) Reveal Rosy Twistedstalk USDA STLAR |
Ojibwa Drug, Cathartic Plant used as a physic and infusion taken as a cough remedy. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 374 |
| Streptopus lanceolatus var. roseus (Michx.) Reveal Rosy Twistedstalk USDA STLAR |
Ojibwa Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion of plant taken as a cough remedy and used as a physic. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 374 |
| Streptopus lanceolatus var. roseus (Michx.) Reveal Rosy Twistedstalk USDA STLAR |
Potawatomi Drug, Cough Medicine Root used to make a cough syrup or tea. Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 63 |
| Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) Salisb. ex Nutt. Skunk Cabbage USDA SYFO |
Chippewa Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion of roots taken as a cough medicine. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 124 |
| Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) Salisb. ex Nutt. Skunk Cabbage USDA SYFO |
Delaware Drug, Pulmonary Aid Infusion of roots used for whooping cough. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 37 |
| Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) Salisb. ex Nutt. Skunk Cabbage USDA SYFO |
Delaware, Oklahoma Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion of root taken for whooping cough. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 31, 80 |
| Taxus baccata L. English Yew USDA TABA80 |
Iroquois Drug, Cough Medicine Compound decoction taken for coughs. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 264 |
| Tephrosia hispidula (Michx.) Pers. Sprawling Hoarypea USDA TEHI2 |
Choctaw Drug, Cough Medicine Root chewed and juice swallowed, too much would loosen the bowels, for bad coughs. Campbell, T.N., 1951, Medicinal Plants Used by Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indians in the Early Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(9):285-290, page 287 |
| Tephrosia virginiana (L.) Pers. Virginia Tephrosia USDA TEVI |
Natchez Drug, Cough Medicine Plant used as a cough medicine. Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 33 |
| Tetradymia canescens DC. Spineless Horsebrush USDA TECA2 |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Cough Medicine Cold simple or compound infusion of leaves taken for cough. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 53 |
| Tetradymia comosa Gray Hairy Horsebrush USDA TECO2 |
Paiute Drug, Cough Medicine Simple or compound decoction of stems and leaves taken for coughs. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 144145 |
| Tetradymia comosa Gray Hairy Horsebrush USDA TECO2 |
Shoshoni Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of stems and leaves taken for coughs. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 144145 |
| Thermopsis montana var. montana Mountain Thermopsis USDA THMOM3 |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of plant taken as cough medicine. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 34 |
| Thuja occidentalis L. Eastern Arborvitae USDA THOC2 |
Chippewa Drug, Cough Medicine Compound containing leaves taken as a cough syrup. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 340 |
| Thuja occidentalis L. Eastern Arborvitae USDA THOC2 |
Malecite Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion of boughs used for coughs. Mechling, W.H., 1959, The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs, Anthropologica 8:239-263, page 249 |
| Thuja occidentalis L. Eastern Arborvitae USDA THOC2 |
Micmac Drug, Cough Medicine Inner bark, bark and stems used for cough. Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 62 |
| Thuja occidentalis L. Eastern Arborvitae USDA THOC2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of leaves taken for coughs. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 380 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Bella Coola Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion of leaves used externally for coughs. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 49 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Makah Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion of boughs taken for coughs. Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 228 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Nez Perce Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion of boughs used for coughs. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 54 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Nez Perce Drug, Pediatric Aid Infusion of boughs sweetened and used for children with coughs. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 54 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Skagit Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of leaves taken for coughs. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19 |
| Tiarella trifoliata L. Threeleaf Foamflower USDA TITRT |
Quileute Drug, Cough Medicine Raw leaves chewed as a cough medicine. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 31 |