| Pinus edulis Engelm. Twoneedle Pinyon USDA PIED |
Navajo Other, Fuel Wood used for firewood. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 21 |
| Pinus edulis Engelm. Twoneedle Pinyon USDA PIED |
Navajo, Ramah Other, Fuel Wood used for fires because it throws fewer sparks. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 12 |
| Pinus edulis Engelm. Twoneedle Pinyon USDA PIED |
Tewa Other, Fuel Used extensively for firewood. Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 41 |
| Pinus lambertiana Dougl. Sugar Pine USDA PILA |
Karok Food, Unspecified Roasted seeds used for food. The cones were placed in a trench and covered with dirt. A fire was built on top. After roasting, the cones were broken open to release the seeds. Some were stored over winter. Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 44 |
| Pinus lambertiana Dougl. Sugar Pine USDA PILA |
Karok Food, Winter Use Food Roasted seeds stored for winter use. The cones were placed in a trench and covered with dirt. A fire was built on top. After roasting, the cones were broken open to release the seeds. Some were stored over winter. Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 44 |
| Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m. Singleleaf Pinyon USDA PIMOM2 |
Cahuilla Other, Fuel Wood, high combustibility, used for firewood and kindling. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 102 |
| Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m. Singleleaf Pinyon USDA PIMOM2 |
Cahuilla Other, Incense & Fragrance Wood, gave off a pleasant odor, used for firewood. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 102 |
| Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m. Singleleaf Pinyon USDA PIMOM2 |
Havasupai Other, Fuel Wood used for firewood. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 205 |
| Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don Western White Pine USDA PIMO3 |
Paiute Other, Ceremonial Items Green branch thrown into the fire and rain will come. Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 40 |
| Pinus muricata D. Don Bishop Pine USDA PIMUM |
Pomo Other, Fuel Wood used for firewood. Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 11 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Blackfoot Other, Tools Twigs used as twirling sticks in fire making. Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 18 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Isleta Other, Fuel Wood used as principal source of firewood. Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 37 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Montana Indian Fiber, Canoe Material Trunks hollowed by fire to make dugouts. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 18 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Montana Indian Other, Tools Twigs used for twirling sticks in fire production. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 18 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Navajo, Ramah Fiber, Furniture Wood used to make boards and cradle bow of the two board type of baby cradle. A young tree, in an area where few people go and therefore not likely to be cut down, is selected, corn pollen is sprinkled on it from the bottom upward, and a solid piece is taken from the east side. As the cradle is made, prayers are said but no songs sung. If the first baby is a boy, the top tips of the boards are truncated, if it is a girl, they are pointed; thereafter either kind can be used for either sex and the cradle is saved for later children unless the baby dies. The cradle is rubbed with red ochre and tallow to protect if from evil spirits who never use red paint. Formerly, a buckskin covering was used over the top but now a blanket is considered better. The footboard is moved down as the baby grows and the cradle is discarded when the baby begins to walk. Small branches of a tree from which squirrels have gnawed the bark are tied together in a row about five inches long and tied to the cradle to keep the baby from hurting himself (until he is three years old). Dirt from a spot where a squirrel has landed on the ground is placed in a buckskin bag and attached to the sticks as an additional precaution (effective even when the baby is grown). Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 13 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Navajo, Ramah Other, Fuel Wood used for firewood. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 13 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Thompson, Upper (Fraser Band) Other, Fuel Dry cones mixed with fir bark to make the best smoke for smoking skins. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 499 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Thompson, Upper (Lytton Band) Other, Fuel Dry cones mixed with fir bark to make the best smoke for smoking skins. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 499 |
| Pinus quadrifolia Parl. ex Sudworth Parry Pinyon USDA PIQU |
Cahuilla Other, Fuel Wood, high combustibility, used for firewood and kindling. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 102 |
| Pinus quadrifolia Parl. ex Sudworth Parry Pinyon USDA PIQU |
Cahuilla Other, Incense & Fragrance Wood, gave off a pleasant odor, used for firewood. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 102 |
| Pinus sabiniana Dougl. ex Dougl. California Foothill Pine USDA PISA2 |
Mendocino Indian Other, Musical Instrument Logs formerly hollowed out by fire and used as drums for dances. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 307 |
| Pinus sp. Pine |
Navajo Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Needles, in water, used ceremonially. In the first ceremony of the fourth day of the Mountain Chant, the medicine man carried a bowl of pine needles in water, in which the patient washed both hands. He then drank some of it, and finally bathed his feet and legs to the thighs, his arms and shoulders, his body and then his face and head, before he emptied the remainder over his back. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 23 |
| Pinus sp. Pine |
Navajo Other, Ceremonial Items Gum mixed with gypsum and used as a white paste on the 'spirits of the fire' in the Fire Dance. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 23 |
| Pinus sp. Pine |
Navajo Other, Containers Wood used to make a tinderbox for fire by friction. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 23 |
| Pinus sp. Pine |
Navajo Other, Fuel Wood used extensively for firewood. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 23 |
| Pinus virginiana P. Mill. Virginia Pine USDA PIVI2 |
Cherokee Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Branches burned and ashes thrown on hearth fire after a death in the home. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49 |
| Pisum sativum L. Garden Pea USDA PISA6 |
Papago Food, Unspecified Species used for food. Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. First Edition., page 120 |
| Pisum sativum L. Garden Pea USDA PISA6 |
Pima Food, Unspecified Species used for food. Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. First Edition., page 120 |
| Podophyllum peltatum L. Mayapple USDA POPE |
Iroquois Food, Dried Food Raw or cooked fruit sun or fire dried and stored for future use. Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 129 |
| Polyporus sp. |
Blackfoot Other, Ceremonial Items Used in the Firelighters bundle of the Horn Society for use as punk to light a fire easily. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 38 |
| Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) K. Presl Western Swordfern USDA POMU |
Karok Other, Toys & Games Fronds used in a game played by adults of both sexes to see who had the longest wind. Beginning at the bottom of the frond, the player touched each leaflet, first on one side of the stem and then the other and said 'tiip' each time he touched a leaflet. Whoever went the farthest up the frond won. There was no gambling on this game. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 378 |
| Populus angustifolia James Narrowleaf Cottonwood USDA POAN3 |
Montana Indian Fiber, Building Material Wood used for fire and shelter during the winter. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 19 |
| Populus angustifolia James Narrowleaf Cottonwood USDA POAN3 |
Montana Indian Other, Fuel Wood used for fire and shelter during the winter. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 19 |
| Populus balsamifera L. Balsam Poplar USDA POBAB2 |
Montana Indian Fiber, Building Material Wood used for fire and shelter during the winter. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 19 |
| Populus balsamifera L. Balsam Poplar USDA POBAB2 |
Montana Indian Other, Fuel Wood used for fire and shelter during the winter. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 19 |
| Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw Black Cottonwood USDA POBAT |
Montana Indian Other, Fuel Branches used for firewood. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 68 |
| Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw Black Cottonwood USDA POBAT |
Thompson Other, Tools Dried root used as a drill in making friction fires. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 276 |
| Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. Eastern Cottonwood USDA PODED |
Montana Indian Fiber, Building Material Wood used for fire and shelter during the winter. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 19 |
| Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. Eastern Cottonwood USDA PODED |
Montana Indian Other, Fuel Branches used for firewood. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 68 |
| Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. Eastern Cottonwood USDA PODED |
Montana Indian Other, Fuel Wood used for fire and shelter during the winter. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 19 |
| Populus deltoides ssp. wislizeni (S. Wats.) Eckenwalder Rio Grande Cottonwood USDA PODEW |
Navajo Fiber, Building Material Wood used for firewood, fenceposts, vigas (heavy rafters) yand tinder boxes. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 38 |
| Populus deltoides ssp. wislizeni (S. Wats.) Eckenwalder Rio Grande Cottonwood USDA PODEW |
Navajo Other, Fuel Wood used for firewood. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 38 |
| Populus fremontii S. Wats. Fremont's Cottonwood USDA POFRF3 |
Diegueno Other, Fuel Used for firewood. Hinton, Leanne, 1975, Notes on La Huerta Diegueno Ethnobotany, Journal of California Anthropology 2:214-222, page 216 |
| Populus fremontii S. Wats. Fremont's Cottonwood USDA POFRF3 |
Havasupai Other, Fuel Wood used for firewood. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 213 |
| Populus sp. Poplar |
Blackfoot Other, Fuel Branches used for firewood. Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 28 |
| Populus sp. Poplar |
Eskimo, Inuktitut Other, Fuel Wood used for firewood. Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 186 |
| Populus sp. Poplar |
Hopi Other, Tools Wood used to make fire spindle and sometimes the hearth. Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 346 |
| Populus sp. Poplar |
Navajo Other, Fuel Sticks used in making fire by friction and fiber used for tinder. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 37 |
| Populus tremuloides Michx. Quaking Aspen USDA POTR5 |
Cree, Woodlands Food, Preservative Dry, rotted wood used to make a fire to smoke cure whitefish and moose meat. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 52 |
| Populus tremuloides Michx. Quaking Aspen USDA POTR5 |
Montana Indian Fiber, Building Material Wood used for fire and shelter during the winter. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 19 |