| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Fiber, Mats, Rugs & Bedding Bark used to make mats to sit on. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Fiber, Mats, Rugs & Bedding Inner bark used to make blankets. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Other, Ceremonial Items Bark used for many ceremonial purposes. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Other, Ceremonial Items Inner bark rings worn around the neck and on the legs by shamans. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Other, Ceremonial Items Wood used to make a special type of 'rattle' for ceremonial activities. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Other, Ceremonial Items Wood used to make ceremonial whistles. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Other, Ceremonial Items Wood used to make coffins. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Other, Cleaning Agent Wood used as toilet sticks prior to the introduction of toilet paper. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Other, Containers Wood used to make boxes to store many types of food. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Other, Cooking Tools Inner bark used to whip soapberries. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Other, Cooking Tools Wood boards used to separate oval leaved blueberries from the leaves. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Other, Cooking Tools Wood made into tongs and used to transfer boiling stones from the fire to cooking vessels. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Other, Designs Wood used to make totem poles and other carvings. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Other, Fasteners Withes used with pitch to fasten arrow heads to the shafts. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Other, Fuel Bark and branches used as kindling to start fires. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Inner bark used to make fishing line. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Wood made into noisemakers and used to round up animals to be hunted. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Wood made into small sticks to prop open conical nets used to catch oolichans. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Wood used to make the hook used to lift oolichan nets to empty their contents into a canoe. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Wood used to make the shafts of oolichan spears and arrows. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Hanaksiala Drug, Antidiarrheal Infusion of pounded, bough tip leaves in cold water taken for diarrhea. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Hanaksiala Other, Ceremonial Items Bark used in the fire dancer's headdress to produce sparks and fire. A baking powder can with a copper tube in front and a flexible hose in the back was filled with burning red cedar outer bark. An aide to the Fire Dancer blew on the hose in the back to produce sparks and smoke at the front of the headdress, which concealed the can and embers. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 162 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Hesquiat Fiber, Basketry Cleaned, finely split inner bark used to weave baskets. Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 35 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Hesquiat Fiber, Basketry Very long, straight branches or withes used to make baskets. Cedar withes were also split and used to make a wide variety of strong open-work baskets for berry-picking and other purposes. These were strengthened at the corners with twisted cedar ropes. The withes were divided with two vertical cuts. The two outer rounds were often used for finer construction and possibly the active weft; the inner piece, flattened on two sides, was usually used for the 'framework' (warp and passive weft) of the baskets. Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 35 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Hesquiat Fiber, Building Material Wood prized as a material for house construction: shakes, shingles and poles. Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 35 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Hesquiat Fiber, Canoe Material Wood prized as a material for carving, especially canoes. Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 35 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Hesquiat Fiber, Clothing Cleaned, finely split inner bark used to weave capes, skirts and aprons. Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 35 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Hesquiat Fiber, Clothing Shredded inner bark used for diapers. Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 35 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Hesquiat Fiber, Cordage Very long, straight branches or withes used to make ropes. For large ropes, such as those used in whaling, the entire branch would be used. For smaller ropes, the withes were split off into three parts: the heartwood would be removed and the outer part twisted into rope. Branches used for such ropes would be five to eight cm. in diameter. Hesquiat cedar ropes were quite famous and were often traded to other tribes. The large ropes were used long ago as whale-hunting lines, anchor lines, and binding lines for tying on house planks or tying together one's effects when moving. Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 35 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Hesquiat Fiber, Mats, Rugs & Bedding Cleaned, finely split inner bark used to weave mats. Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 35 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Hesquiat Fiber, Scouring Material Finely beaten bark used as a sponge. Young boys, when they were starting to walk, were rubbed with this bark dipped in cold octopus broth to make them tough. Girls were told to rub the same liquid on their hands to make them strong. Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 35 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Hesquiat Food, Starvation Food Branches used to make fish traps became 'fish flavored' and the sticks were boiled for broth. Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 35 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Hesquiat Other, Cooking Tools Wood used to make serving dippers. Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 35 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Hesquiat Other, Fuel Shredded inner bark twisted tightly, tied with cedar bark strips and used as tinder to start a fire. A story involving cedar -- called 'nuhtume' by Hesquiat -- tells of the time Deer stole fire. This version has Deer taking fire from the Wolves; another says that Deer stole it from Chief Red-winged Blackbird. In both versions Deer attached the soft, shredded cedar bark to his elbows, knees and horns. He allowed this dry cedar bark to catch fire when he visited the fire's owner. Deer escaped by jumping out through the roof. Since, however, he had to jump into water while fleeing, the only fire that continued to burn was that in the cedar bark on his horns. Thus, Deer did bring back fire but suffered burnt knees and elbows. Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 35 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Hesquiat Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Inner bark used to make a scabbard for a sword or spear. Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 35 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Hesquiat Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Young branches used to make fish traps. Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 35 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Hesquiat Other, Tools Long, dried kindling tied with cedar bark & used as torch to burn out excess wood in making a canoe. There is a story about Deer and the Chickadees in which Deer was using such a bundle of cedar pieces while making a canoe. He became so absorbed in watching the dancing of the Chickadees that he burned right through the bottom of the canoe. Turner's informant Alice Paul pointed out that a deer is still like that--when he sees anything moving, he stares at it. Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 35 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Hoh Drug, Unspecified Infusion of green bark juice used for medicine. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 57 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Hoh Fiber, Basketry Roots split and used to make baskets. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 57 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Hoh Fiber, Building Material Bark used to make wigwams, summer houses and hunting lodges. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 57 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Hoh Fiber, Building Material Used for house construction. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 57 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Hoh Fiber, Canoe Material Used to make dugout canoes. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 57 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Hoh Fiber, Clothing Bark inner fibers formerly used to make clothing. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 57 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Hoh Fiber, Clothing Bark used to make an overcoat for fishing in stormy weather. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 57 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Hoh Fiber, Clothing Inner bark shredded and used to make skirts. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 57 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Hoh Fiber, Cordage Twigs and roots twisted and used as ropes. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 57 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Hoh Fiber, Mats, Rugs & Bedding Bark used to line cradles. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 57 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Hoh Fiber, Other Twigs used for drying the body after a bath. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 57 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Hoh Other, Cooking Tools Wood used to make dishes, ladles and spoons. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 57 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Hoh Other, Lighting Inner bark used as lampwicks in oil lamps. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 57 |