| Thuja occidentalis L. Eastern Arborvitae USDA THOC2 |
Malecite Fiber, Basketry Used to make basket splints. Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6 |
| Thuja occidentalis L. Eastern Arborvitae USDA THOC2 |
Malecite Fiber, Canoe Material Wood used for canoe slats. Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6 |
| Thuja occidentalis L. Eastern Arborvitae USDA THOC2 |
Malecite Other, Hide Preparation Bark used for tanning hides. Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6 |
| Thuja occidentalis L. Eastern Arborvitae USDA THOC2 |
Malecite Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Wood used to make arrows. Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6 |
| Thuja occidentalis L. Eastern Arborvitae USDA THOC2 |
Menominee Drug, Abortifacient Infusion of dried inner bark taken during a cold to treat suppressed menses. Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 46 |
| Thuja occidentalis L. Eastern Arborvitae USDA THOC2 |
Menominee Drug, Adjuvant Inner bark used as a seasoner for enhancing medicines. Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 46 |
| Thuja occidentalis L. Eastern Arborvitae USDA THOC2 |
Menominee Drug, Dermatological Aid Compound poultice of dried, powdered leaves applied to swellings. Densmore, Francis, 1932, Menominee Music, SI-BAE Bulletin #102, page 134 |
| Thuja occidentalis L. Eastern Arborvitae USDA THOC2 |
Menominee Drug, Diaphoretic Plant used in the sudatory. Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 46 |
| Thuja occidentalis L. Eastern Arborvitae USDA THOC2 |
Menominee Drug, Stimulant Smudge of leaves used to revive 'lost consciousness.' Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 46 |
| Thuja occidentalis L. Eastern Arborvitae USDA THOC2 |
Menominee Fiber, Basketry Bark used to weave bags. Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 76 |
| Thuja occidentalis L. Eastern Arborvitae USDA THOC2 |
Menominee Other, Protection Leaves used as moth balls and clothes stored away with layers of leaf sprays to keep out the moths. Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 81 |
| Thuja occidentalis L. Eastern Arborvitae USDA THOC2 |
Micmac Drug, Analgesic Stems used for headaches. Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 62 |
| Thuja occidentalis L. Eastern Arborvitae USDA THOC2 |
Micmac Drug, Burn Dressing Inner bark, bark and stems used for burns. Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 62 |
| Thuja occidentalis L. Eastern Arborvitae USDA THOC2 |
Micmac Drug, Cough Medicine Inner bark, bark and stems used for cough. Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 62 |
| Thuja occidentalis L. Eastern Arborvitae USDA THOC2 |
Micmac Drug, Orthopedic Aid Leaves used for swollen feet and hands and stems used for headaches. Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 62 |
| Thuja occidentalis L. Eastern Arborvitae USDA THOC2 |
Micmac Drug, Toothache Remedy Gum used for toothache. Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 62 |
| Thuja occidentalis L. Eastern Arborvitae USDA THOC2 |
Micmac Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Inner bark, bark and stems used for consumption. Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 62 |
| Thuja occidentalis L. Eastern Arborvitae USDA THOC2 |
Micmac Fiber, Canoe Material Used to make canoe slats. Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 258 |
| Thuja occidentalis L. Eastern Arborvitae USDA THOC2 |
Micmac Other, Fuel Wood used for kindling and fuel. Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 258 |
| Thuja occidentalis L. Eastern Arborvitae USDA THOC2 |
Micmac Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Used to make arrow shafts. Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 258 |
| Thuja occidentalis L. Eastern Arborvitae USDA THOC2 |
Montagnais Drug, Diaphoretic Infusion of bruised twigs taken to cause sweating. Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 315 |
| Thuja occidentalis L. Eastern Arborvitae USDA THOC2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Analgesic Infusion of leaves used for headache. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 380 |
| Thuja occidentalis L. Eastern Arborvitae USDA THOC2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Blood Medicine Decoction of leaves taken as a blood purifier. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 380 |
| Thuja occidentalis L. Eastern Arborvitae USDA THOC2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Smoke used to purify sacred objects, hands and persons of participants. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 380 |
| Thuja occidentalis L. Eastern Arborvitae USDA THOC2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of leaves taken for coughs. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 380 |
| Thuja occidentalis L. Eastern Arborvitae USDA THOC2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Diaphoretic Compound containing leaves used in the sweatbath. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 380 |
| Thuja occidentalis L. Eastern Arborvitae USDA THOC2 |
Ojibwa Fiber, Basketry Tough, stringy bark used in making fiber bags. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 422 |
| Thuja occidentalis L. Eastern Arborvitae USDA THOC2 |
Ojibwa Fiber, Canoe Material Light, strong, straight-grained wood used for canoe frames and ribs. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 422 |
| Thuja occidentalis L. Eastern Arborvitae USDA THOC2 |
Ojibwa Food, Beverage Leaves steeped for tea. Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2234 |
| Thuja occidentalis L. Eastern Arborvitae USDA THOC2 |
Ojibwa Other, Incense & Fragrance Pungent fragrance of leaves and wood always used as an acceptable incense to Winabojo. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 421 |
| Thuja occidentalis L. Eastern Arborvitae USDA THOC2 |
Ojibwa Other, Sacred Items This tree and the white cedar were worshipped as the two most useful trees in the forest. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 421 |
| Thuja occidentalis L. Eastern Arborvitae USDA THOC2 |
Penobscot Drug, Analgesic Compound poultice of bark used on cuts made in painful area to treat pain. Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 311 |
| Thuja occidentalis L. Eastern Arborvitae USDA THOC2 |
Penobscot Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of leaves applied to swollen hands or feet. Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 309 |
| Thuja occidentalis L. Eastern Arborvitae USDA THOC2 |
Penobscot Drug, Panacea Compound poultice of bark applied 'for all kinds of trouble.' Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 311 |
| Thuja occidentalis L. Eastern Arborvitae USDA THOC2 |
Potawatomi Drug, Adjuvant Plant used as a seasoner for medicines. Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 70, 71 |
| Thuja occidentalis L. Eastern Arborvitae USDA THOC2 |
Potawatomi Drug, Unspecified Poultice of leaves used for unspecified ailments. Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 70, 71 |
| Thuja occidentalis L. Eastern Arborvitae USDA THOC2 |
Potawatomi Drug, Witchcraft Medicine Leaves burned on coals to purify patient and exorcise evil spirits. Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 70, 71 |
| Thuja occidentalis L. Eastern Arborvitae USDA THOC2 |
Potawatomi Other, Ceremonial Items Preserved or fresh leaves used as a smudge to exorcise evil spirits and purify sacred objects. Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 122 |
| Thuja occidentalis L. Eastern Arborvitae USDA THOC2 |
Potawatomi Other, Lighting Rolled bark used for night hunting torches. Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 122 |
| Thuja occidentalis L. Eastern Arborvitae USDA THOC2 |
Potawatomi Other, Protection Preserved or fresh leaves used as a smudge to exorcise evil spirits and purify sacred objects. Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 122 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Bella Coola Drug, Analgesic Decoction of powdered leaves used externally for various internal pains. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 49 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Bella Coola Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Infusion of leaves used externally for rheumatism. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 49 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Bella Coola Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Poultice of pounded bough tips and eulachon grease applied to the back and chest for a swollen neck. Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 197 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Bella Coola Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Poultice of pounded bough tips and eulachon grease applied to the back and chest for rheumatism. Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 197 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Bella Coola Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion of leaves used externally for coughs. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 49 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Bella Coola Drug, Dermatological Aid Very soft bark used to bind wounds and cover poultices. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 49 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Bella Coola Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Poultice of pounded bough tips and eulachon grease applied to the back and chest for stomach pains. Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 197 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Bella Coola Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Simple decoction, compound decoction or infusion of leaf taken and used externally for stomach pain. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 49 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Bella Coola Drug, Heart Medicine Infusion of leaves used externally for heart trouble. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 49 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Bella Coola Drug, Heart Medicine Poultice of pounded bough tips and eulachon grease applied to the back and chest for heart trouble. Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 197 |