| Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes Pacific Silver Fir USDA ABAM |
Thompson Drug, Panacea Pitch taken for any type of bad disease. If too much balsam pitch were taken, it could make one stout. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97 |
| Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill. Balsam Fir USDA ABBA |
Abnaki Drug, Panacea Leaves made into pillows and used as a panacea. Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 155 |
| Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. Grand Fir USDA ABGRG |
Shuswap Drug, Panacea Decoction of bark taken for tuberculosis and other sickness. Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50 |
| Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. Grand Fir USDA ABGRG |
Thompson Drug, Panacea Infusion of boughs taken for any illness. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97 |
| Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. Grand Fir USDA ABGRG |
Thompson Drug, Panacea Pitch taken for any type of bad disease. If too much balsam pitch were taken, it could make one stout. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Thompson Drug, Panacea Pitch taken for any type of bad disease. If too much balsam pitch were taken, it could make one stout. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97 |
| Abronia fragrans Nutt. ex Hook. Snowball Sand Verbena USDA ABFR2 |
Navajo, Kayenta Drug, Panacea Plant used as a life medicine. Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 21 |
| Acer glabrum Torr. Rocky Mountain Maple USDA ACGLG2 |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Panacea Infusion of branches used for swellings, a 'life medicine.' Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 36 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Blackfoot Drug, Panacea Infusion of plant rubbed on the body part affected by sickness. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 69 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Iroquois Drug, Panacea Infusion of leaves given to babies with any kind of sickness. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 469 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Kwakiutl Drug, Panacea Leaves used in a steambath for general sickness. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 278 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Nitinaht Drug, Panacea Plants chewed and swallowed as 'medicine for everything.' Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 96 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Quileute Drug, Panacea Decoction of leaves used as an aromatic bath for sick infants. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 49 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Thompson Drug, Panacea Decoction of plant used as a wash for any kind of sickness. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 166 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Thompson Drug, Panacea Decoction of whole plant taken for any sickness. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 166 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Ute Drug, Panacea Infusion of plant taken for cases of sickness. Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1909, Some Plant Names of the Ute Indians, American Anthropologist 11:27-40, page 32 |
| Acorus calamus L. Calamus USDA ACAM |
Cheyenne Drug, Panacea Chewed root rubbed on skin for any illness. Grinnell, George Bird, 1905, Some Cheyenne Plant Medicines, American Anthropologist 7:37-43, page 42 |
| Acorus calamus L. Calamus USDA ACAM |
Cheyenne Drug, Panacea Root chewed and rubbed on the skin for any illness. Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 171 |
| Acorus calamus L. Calamus USDA ACAM |
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Panacea Grated rootstocks used as an ingredient in a many herb remedy for various ailments. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 24 |
| Acorus calamus L. Calamus USDA ACAM |
Dakota Drug, Panacea Rootstock regarded as a panacea. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 69, 70 |
| Acorus calamus L. Calamus USDA ACAM |
Micmac Drug, Panacea Plant used as a panacea. Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 316 |
| Acorus calamus L. Calamus USDA ACAM |
Micmac Drug, Panacea Root and herb used for the prevention of disease in general and root used for disease in general. Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 53, 54 |
| Acorus calamus L. Calamus USDA ACAM |
Mohegan Drug, Panacea Root chewed to insure good health and root carried to 'ward off sickness.' Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 69, 128 |
| Acorus calamus L. Calamus USDA ACAM |
Omaha Drug, Panacea Rootstock regarded as a panacea. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 69, 70 |
| Acorus calamus L. Calamus USDA ACAM |
Pawnee Drug, Panacea Rootstock regarded as a panacea. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 69, 70 |
| Acorus calamus L. Calamus USDA ACAM |
Ponca Drug, Panacea Rootstock regarded as a panacea. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 69, 70 |
| Acorus calamus L. Calamus USDA ACAM |
Sioux, Fort Peck Drug, Panacea Root chewed and swallowed as a 'cure-all.' Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 5 |
| Acorus calamus L. Calamus USDA ACAM |
Winnebago Drug, Panacea Rootstock regarded as a panacea. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 69, 70 |
| Ageratina altissima var. altissima White Snakeroot USDA AGALA |
Iroquois Drug, Panacea Plant used for anything. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 459 |
| Agoseris aurantiaca (Hook.) Greene Orange Agoseris USDA AGAUA |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Panacea Root used as a 'life medicine.' Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 47 |
| Alisma plantago-aquatica L. American Waterplantain USDA ALPL |
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Panacea Powdered stem base and many other herbs used for various ailments. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 26 |
| Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. European Alder USDA ALGL2 |
Rappahannock Drug, Panacea Infusion of bark used according to diagnosis. Speck, Frank G., R.B. Hassrick and E.S. Carpenter, 1942, Rappahannock Herbals, Folk-Lore and Science of Cures, Proceedings of the Delaware County Institute of Science 10:7-55., page 31 |
| Amelanchier utahensis var. utahensis Utah Serviceberry USDA AMUTU |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Panacea Dried fruit used as a 'life medicine.' Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 30 |
| Androsace septentrionalis L. Pygmyflower Rockjasmine USDA ANSES3 |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Panacea Plant used as 'life medicine.' Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 38, 39 |
| Anemone canadensis L. Canadian Anemone USDA ANCA8 |
Omaha Drug, Panacea Highly esteemed medicine taken and applied externally for many illnesses. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 82 |
| Anemone canadensis L. Canadian Anemone USDA ANCA8 |
Ponca Drug, Panacea Highly esteemed medicine taken and applied externally for many illnesses. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 82 |
| Angelica lucida L. Wild Celery USDA ANLU |
Eskimo Drug, Panacea Plant used for most illnesses. Smith, G. Warren, 1973, Arctic Pharmacognosia, Arctic 26:324-333, page 325 |
| Angelica tomentosa S. Wats. Woolly Angelica USDA ANTO |
Yana Drug, Panacea Decoction of roots taken for colds, diarrhea, headaches and other ailments. Sapir, Edward and Leslie Spier, 1943, Notes on the Culture of the Yana, Anthropological Records 3(3):252-253, page 253 |
| Anthemis cotula L. Stinking Chamomile USDA ANCO2 |
Mohegan Drug, Panacea Cold infusion of leaves thought to 'benefit the entire body.' Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 70 |
| Apocynum cannabinum L. Indianhemp USDA APCA |
Meskwaki Drug, Panacea Root used as a universal remedy for many things, especially dropsy and ague. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 201 |
| Aquilegia caerulea James Colorado Blue Columbine USDA AQCAC2 |
Gosiute Drug, Panacea Seed chewed or infusion of roots used when 'sick all over.' Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 362 |
| Aquilegia formosa Fisch. ex DC. Western Columbine USDA AQFO |
Paiute Drug, Panacea Plant used for a variety of maladies. Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 155 |
| Arabis fendleri (S. Wats.) Greene Fendler's Rockcress USDA ARFEF |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Panacea Whole plant used as 'life medicine.' Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 28 |
| Arabis glabra (L.) Bernh. Tower Rockcress USDA ARGL |
Cheyenne Drug, Panacea Infusion of plant taken as a general preventative for sickness. Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 174 |
| Aralia californica S. Wats. California Spikenard USDA ARCA2 |
Pomo Drug, Panacea Plant used as a medicine for various ailments. Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 14 |
| Aralia nudicaulis L. Wild Sarsaparilla USDA ARNU2 |
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Panacea Powdered roots and many other herbs used for various ailments. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 29 |
| Arctostaphylos alpina (L.) Spreng. Alpine Bearberry USDA ARAL2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Panacea Infusion of pounded plants used as wash for general illnesses. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Ojibwa Drug, Panacea Infusion of pounded plants used as wash for general illnesses. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231 |
| Arenaria fendleri Gray Fendler's Sandwort USDA ARFEF3 |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Panacea Root used, only in the summer, as a 'life medicine.' Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 26 |
| Argythamnia cyanophylla (Woot. & Standl.) Ingram Charleston Mountain Silverbush USDA ARCY |
Navajo Drug, Panacea Plant used as a 'life medicine.' Hocking, George M., 1956, Some Plant Materials Used Medicinally and Otherwise by the Navaho Indians in the Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, El Palacio 56:146-165, page 158 |