BRIT - Native American Ethnobotany Database

Acorus calamus L.

Common names: Calamus
Species details (USDA): USDA ACAM

Documented uses

229 uses documented
Abnaki Drug, Carminative detail... (Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, pages 175)
Abnaki Drug, Carminative detail... (Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, pages 154)
Abnaki Food, Unspecified detail... (Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, pages 175)
Algonquin, Quebec Drug, Cold Remedy detail... (Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, pages 135)
Algonquin, Quebec Drug, Cough Medicine detail... (Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, pages 135)
Algonquin, Quebec Drug, Gynecological Aid detail... (Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, pages 135)
Algonquin, Quebec Drug, Heart Medicine detail... (Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, pages 135)
Algonquin, Quebec Drug, Preventive Medicine detail... (Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, pages 135)
Blackfoot Drug, Analgesic detail... (Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, pages 23)
Blackfoot Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid detail... (Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, pages 23)
Blackfoot Drug, Pulmonary Aid detail... (Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, pages 23)
Blackfoot Drug, Throat Aid detail... (Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, pages 23)
Blackfoot Drug, Toothache Remedy detail... (Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, pages 23)
Blackfoot Other, Cash Crop detail... (Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, pages 23)
Cherokee Drug, Analgesic detail... (Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., pages 28)
Cherokee Drug, Anthelmintic detail... (Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., pages 28)
Cherokee Drug, Anticonvulsive detail... (Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., pages 28)
Cherokee Drug, Antidiarrheal detail... (Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., pages 28)
Cherokee Drug, Carminative detail... (Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., pages 28)
Cherokee Drug, Cold Remedy detail... (Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., pages 28)
Cherokee Drug, Dermatological Aid detail... (Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., pages 28)
Cherokee Drug, Diaphoretic detail... (Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., pages 28)
Cherokee Drug, Diuretic detail... (Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., pages 28)
Cherokee Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid detail... (Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., pages 28)
Cherokee Drug, Kidney Aid detail... (Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., pages 28)
Cherokee Drug, Stimulant detail... (Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., pages 28)
Cherokee Drug, Throat Aid detail... (Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., pages 28)
Cherokee Drug, Urinary Aid detail... (Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., pages 28)
Cheyenne Drug, Analgesic detail... (Grinnell, George Bird, 1905, Some Cheyenne Plant Medicines, American Anthropologist 7:37-43, pages 42)
Cheyenne Drug, Analgesic detail... (Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, pages 171)
Cheyenne Drug, Analgesic detail... (Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, pages 7)
Cheyenne Drug, Ceremonial Medicine detail... (Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, pages 7)
Cheyenne Drug, Cold Remedy detail... (Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, pages 7)
Cheyenne Drug, Diuretic detail... (Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, pages 7)
Cheyenne Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid detail... (Grinnell, George Bird, 1905, Some Cheyenne Plant Medicines, American Anthropologist 7:37-43, pages 42)
Cheyenne Drug, Laxative detail... (Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, pages 7)
Cheyenne Drug, Panacea detail... (Grinnell, George Bird, 1905, Some Cheyenne Plant Medicines, American Anthropologist 7:37-43, pages 42)
Cheyenne Drug, Panacea detail... (Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, pages 171)
Cheyenne Drug, Pediatric Aid detail... (Grinnell, George Bird, 1905, Some Cheyenne Plant Medicines, American Anthropologist 7:37-43, pages 42)
Cheyenne Drug, Pediatric Aid detail... (Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, pages 171)
Cheyenne Drug, Witchcraft Medicine detail... (Grinnell, George Bird, 1905, Some Cheyenne Plant Medicines, American Anthropologist 7:37-43, pages 42)
Cheyenne Drug, Witchcraft Medicine detail... (Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, pages 7)
Cheyenne Drug, Witchcraft Medicine detail... (Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, pages 171)
Cheyenne Other, Protection detail... (Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, pages 171)
Cheyenne Other, Smoke Plant detail... (Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, pages 171)
Chippewa Drug, Cathartic detail... (Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, pages 344)
Chippewa Drug, Cold Remedy detail... (Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, pages 340)
Chippewa Drug, Cold Remedy detail... (Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, pages 124)
Chippewa Drug, Cough Medicine detail... (Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, pages 124)
Chippewa Drug, Hunting Medicine detail... (Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, pages 376)
Chippewa Drug, Pediatric Aid detail... (Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, pages 342)
Chippewa Drug, Pediatric Aid detail... (Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, pages 342)
Chippewa Drug, Pediatric Aid detail... (Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, pages 344)
Chippewa Drug, Respiratory Aid detail... (Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, pages 124)
Chippewa Drug, Throat Aid detail... (Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, pages 342)
Chippewa Drug, Toothache Remedy detail... (Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, pages 342)
Chippewa Dye, Mordant detail... (Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, pages 131)
Chippewa Other, Protection detail... (Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, pages 376)
Cree Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid detail... (Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, pages 23)
Cree Drug, Throat Aid detail... (Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, pages 23)
Cree, Alberta Drug, Hallucinogen detail... (Smith, G. Warren, 1973, Arctic Pharmacognosia, Arctic 26:324-333, pages 331)
Cree, Alberta Drug, Stimulant detail... (Smith, G. Warren, 1973, Arctic Pharmacognosia, Arctic 26:324-333, pages 331)
Cree, Alberta Drug, Unspecified detail... (Smith, G. Warren, 1973, Arctic Pharmacognosia, Arctic 26:324-333, pages 331)
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Adjuvant detail... (Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, pages 24)
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Analgesic detail... (Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, pages 24)
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Antihemorrhagic detail... (Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, pages 24)
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Antirheumatic (External) detail... (Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, pages 24)
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Antirheumatic (External) detail... (Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, pages 24)
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Antirheumatic (External) detail... (Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, pages 24)
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Antirheumatic (External) detail... (Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, pages 24)
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Cold Remedy detail... (Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, pages 24)
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Cold Remedy detail... (Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, pages 24)
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Cold Remedy detail... (Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, pages 24)
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Cough Medicine detail... (Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, pages 24)
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Cough Medicine detail... (Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, pages 24)
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Dermatological Aid detail... (Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, pages 24)
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Dermatological Aid detail... (Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, pages 24)
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Dermatological Aid detail... (Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, pages 24)
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Ear Medicine detail... (Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, pages 24)
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Febrifuge detail... (Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, pages 24)
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid detail... (Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, pages 24)
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid detail... (Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, pages 24)
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Hemostat detail... (Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, pages 24)
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Orthopedic Aid detail... (Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, pages 24)
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Orthopedic Aid detail... (Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, pages 24)
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Orthopedic Aid detail... (Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, pages 24)
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Panacea detail... (Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, pages 24)
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Pediatric Aid detail... (Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, pages 24)
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Pulmonary Aid detail... (Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, pages 24)
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Pulmonary Aid detail... (Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, pages 24)
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Throat Aid detail... (Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, pages 24)
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Throat Aid detail... (Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, pages 24)
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Toothache Remedy detail... (Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, pages 24)
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Toothache Remedy detail... (Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, pages 24)
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Venereal Aid detail... (Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, pages 24)
Dakota Drug, Carminative detail... (Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, pages 359)
Dakota Drug, Carminative detail... (Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, pages 69, 70)
Dakota Drug, Ceremonial Medicine detail... (Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, pages 69, 70)
Dakota Drug, Cold Remedy detail... (Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, pages 69, 70)
Dakota Drug, Cough Medicine detail... (Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, pages 69, 70)
Dakota Drug, Febrifuge detail... (Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, pages 69, 70)
Dakota Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid detail... (Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, pages 69, 70)
Dakota Drug, Panacea detail... (Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, pages 69, 70)
Dakota Drug, Psychological Aid detail... (Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, pages 69, 70)
Dakota Drug, Toothache Remedy detail... (Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, pages 69, 70)
Dakota Food, Unspecified detail... (Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, pages 359)
Delaware Drug, Abortifacient detail... (Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, pages 37)
Delaware Drug, Cold Remedy detail... (Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, pages 37)
Delaware Drug, Cough Medicine detail... (Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, pages 37)
Delaware Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid detail... (Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, pages 37)
Delaware, Oklahoma Drug, Abortifacient detail... (Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, pages 31, 74)
Delaware, Oklahoma Drug, Analgesic detail... (Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, pages 31, 74)
Delaware, Oklahoma Drug, Cold Remedy detail... (Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, pages 31, 74)
Delaware, Oklahoma Drug, Cough Medicine detail... (Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, pages 31)
Delaware, Ontario Drug, Cold Remedy detail... (Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, pages 31)
Iroquois Drug, Anthelmintic detail... (Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, pages 279)
Iroquois Drug, Blood Medicine detail... (Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, pages 279)
Iroquois Drug, Blood Medicine detail... (Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, pages 70)
Iroquois Drug, Cold Remedy detail... (Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, pages 279)
Iroquois Drug, Dermatological Aid detail... (Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, pages 278)
Iroquois Drug, Ear Medicine detail... (Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, pages 279)
Iroquois Drug, Emetic detail... (Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, pages 278)
Iroquois Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid detail... (Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, pages 70)
Iroquois Drug, Misc. Disease Remedy detail... (Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, pages 70)
Iroquois Drug, Pediatric Aid detail... (Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, pages 278)
Iroquois Drug, Pediatric Aid detail... (Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, pages 70)
Iroquois Drug, Pediatric Aid detail... (Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, pages 70)
Iroquois Drug, Respiratory Aid detail... (Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, pages 70)
Iroquois Drug, Throat Aid detail... (Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, pages 279)
Iroquois Drug, Toothache Remedy detail... (Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, pages 278)
Iroquois Drug, Toothache Remedy detail... (Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, pages 278)
Iroquois Drug, Witchcraft Medicine detail... (Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, pages 278)
Lakota Drug, Cough Medicine detail... (Kraft, Shelly Katheren, 1990, Recent Changes in the Ethnobotany of Standing Rock Indian Reservation, University of North Dakota, M.A. Thesis, pages 48)
Lakota Drug, Hypotensive detail... (Kraft, Shelly Katheren, 1990, Recent Changes in the Ethnobotany of Standing Rock Indian Reservation, University of North Dakota, M.A. Thesis, pages 48)
Lakota Drug, Misc. Disease Remedy detail... (Kraft, Shelly Katheren, 1990, Recent Changes in the Ethnobotany of Standing Rock Indian Reservation, University of North Dakota, M.A. Thesis, pages 48)
Lakota Drug, Orthopedic Aid detail... (Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, pages 26)
Lakota Drug, Throat Aid detail... (Kraft, Shelly Katheren, 1990, Recent Changes in the Ethnobotany of Standing Rock Indian Reservation, University of North Dakota, M.A. Thesis, pages 48)
Lakota Drug, Toothache Remedy detail... (Kraft, Shelly Katheren, 1990, Recent Changes in the Ethnobotany of Standing Rock Indian Reservation, University of North Dakota, M.A. Thesis, pages 48)
Lakota Food, Unspecified detail... (Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, pages 26)
Malecite Drug, Cold Remedy detail... (Mechling, W.H., 1959, The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs, Anthropologica 8:239-263, pages 249)
Malecite Drug, Preventive Medicine detail... (Mechling, W.H., 1959, The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs, Anthropologica 8:239-263, pages 249)
Malecite Drug, Unspecified detail... (Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, pages 6)
Menominee Drug, Abortifacient detail... (Densmore, Francis, 1932, Menominee Music, SI-BAE Bulletin #102, pages 133)
Menominee Drug, Analgesic detail... (Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, pages 22, 23)
Menominee Drug, Cathartic detail... (Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, pages 22, 23)
Menominee Drug, Cold Remedy detail... (Densmore, Francis, 1932, Menominee Music, SI-BAE Bulletin #102, pages 130)
Menominee Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid detail... (Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, pages 22, 23)
Meskwaki Drug, Analgesic detail... (Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, pages 202)
Meskwaki Drug, Burn Dressing detail... (Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, pages 201202)
Meskwaki Drug, Cathartic detail... (Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, pages 201202)
Meskwaki Drug, Cough Medicine detail... (Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, pages 202)
Meskwaki Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid detail... (Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, pages 202)
Meskwaki Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy detail... (Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, pages 202)
Micmac Drug, Cold Remedy detail... (Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, pages 53, 54)
Micmac Drug, Cough Medicine detail... (Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, pages 53, 54)
Micmac Drug, Misc. Disease Remedy detail... (Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, pages 53, 54)
Micmac Drug, Panacea detail... (Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, pages 316)
Micmac Drug, Panacea detail... (Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, pages 53, 54)
Micmac Drug, Pulmonary Aid detail... (Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, pages 53, 54)
Micmac Drug, Unspecified detail... (Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, pages 258)
Micmac Food, Beverage detail... (Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, pages 258)
Mohegan Drug, Abortifacient detail... (Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, pages 69, 128)
Mohegan Drug, Analgesic detail... (Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, pages 69, 128)
Mohegan Drug, Antirheumatic (Internal) detail... (Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, pages 128)
Mohegan Drug, Cold Remedy detail... (Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, pages 69, 128)
Mohegan Drug, Panacea detail... (Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, pages 69, 128)
Mohegan Drug, Tonic detail... (Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1928, Mohegan Medicinal Practices, Weather-Lore and Superstitions, SI-BAE Annual Report #43: 264-270, pages 266)
Nanticoke Drug, Cold Remedy detail... (Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, pages 55)
Nanticoke Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid detail... (Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, pages 55, 84)
Nanticoke Drug, Pediatric Aid detail... (Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, pages 55)
Ojibwa Drug, Analgesic detail... (Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, pages 355)
Ojibwa Drug, Cathartic detail... (Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, pages 355)
Ojibwa Drug, Cold Remedy detail... (Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, pages 355)
Ojibwa Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid detail... (Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, pages 355)
Ojibwa Drug, Heart Medicine detail... (Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, pages 2247)
Ojibwa Drug, Hunting Medicine detail... (Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, pages 428)
Ojibwa Drug, Throat Aid detail... (Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, pages 2247)
Ojibwa Drug, Throat Aid detail... (Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, pages 355)
Ojibwa Drug, Throat Aid detail... (Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, pages 2309)
Ojibwa Drug, Throat Aid detail... (Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, pages 2247)
Omaha Drug, Carminative detail... (Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, pages 69, 70)
Omaha Drug, Carminative detail... (Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., pages 334)
Omaha Drug, Ceremonial Medicine detail... (Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, pages 69, 70)
Omaha Drug, Cold Remedy detail... (Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, pages 69, 70)
Omaha Drug, Cough Medicine detail... (Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, pages 69, 70)
Omaha Drug, Febrifuge detail... (Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, pages 69, 70)
Omaha Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid detail... (Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, pages 69, 70)
Omaha Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid detail... (Fletcher, Alice C. and Francis La Flesche, 1911, The Omaha Tribe, SI-BAE Annual Report #27, pages 584)
Omaha Drug, Panacea detail... (Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, pages 69, 70)
Omaha Drug, Tonic detail... (Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., pages 334)
Omaha Drug, Toothache Remedy detail... (Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, pages 69, 70)
Omaha Drug, Veterinary Aid detail... (Fletcher, Alice C. and Francis La Flesche, 1911, The Omaha Tribe, SI-BAE Annual Report #27, pages 584)
Omaha Other, Incense & Fragrance detail... (Fletcher, Alice C. and Francis La Flesche, 1911, The Omaha Tribe, SI-BAE Annual Report #27, pages 584)
Pawnee Drug, Carminative detail... (Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, pages 69, 70)
Pawnee Drug, Ceremonial Medicine detail... (Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, pages 69, 70)
Pawnee Drug, Cold Remedy detail... (Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, pages 69, 70)
Pawnee Drug, Cough Medicine detail... (Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, pages 69, 70)
Pawnee Drug, Febrifuge detail... (Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, pages 69, 70)
Pawnee Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid detail... (Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, pages 69, 70)
Pawnee Drug, Panacea detail... (Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, pages 69, 70)
Pawnee Drug, Toothache Remedy detail... (Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, pages 69, 70)
Ponca Drug, Carminative detail... (Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, pages 69, 70)
Ponca Drug, Ceremonial Medicine detail... (Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, pages 69, 70)
Ponca Drug, Cold Remedy detail... (Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, pages 69, 70)
Ponca Drug, Cough Medicine detail... (Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, pages 69, 70)
Ponca Drug, Febrifuge detail... (Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, pages 69, 70)
Ponca Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid detail... (Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, pages 69, 70)
Ponca Drug, Panacea detail... (Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, pages 69, 70)
Ponca Drug, Toothache Remedy detail... (Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, pages 69, 70)
Potawatomi Drug, Antihemorrhagic detail... (Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, pages 39, 40)
Potawatomi Drug, Respiratory Aid detail... (Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, pages 39, 40)
Rappahannock Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid detail... (Speck, Frank G., R.B. Hassrick and E.S. Carpenter, 1942, Rappahannock Herbals, Folk-Lore and Science of Cures, Proceedings of the Delaware County Institute of Science 10:7-55., pages 29)
Rappahannock Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid detail... (Speck, Frank G., R.B. Hassrick and E.S. Carpenter, 1942, Rappahannock Herbals, Folk-Lore and Science of Cures, Proceedings of the Delaware County Institute of Science 10:7-55., pages 30)
Rappahannock Drug, Pediatric Aid detail... (Speck, Frank G., R.B. Hassrick and E.S. Carpenter, 1942, Rappahannock Herbals, Folk-Lore and Science of Cures, Proceedings of the Delaware County Institute of Science 10:7-55., pages 30)
Rappahannock Drug, Sedative detail... (Speck, Frank G., R.B. Hassrick and E.S. Carpenter, 1942, Rappahannock Herbals, Folk-Lore and Science of Cures, Proceedings of the Delaware County Institute of Science 10:7-55., pages 30)
Rappahannock Drug, Tonic detail... (Speck, Frank G., R.B. Hassrick and E.S. Carpenter, 1942, Rappahannock Herbals, Folk-Lore and Science of Cures, Proceedings of the Delaware County Institute of Science 10:7-55., pages 29)
Shinnecock Drug, Blood Medicine detail... (Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, pages 118)
Shinnecock Drug, Oral Aid detail... (Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, pages 118)
Sioux, Fort Peck Drug, Abortifacient detail... (Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, pages 5)
Sioux, Fort Peck Drug, Panacea detail... (Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, pages 5)
Winnebago Drug, Carminative detail... (Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, pages 69, 70)
Winnebago Drug, Ceremonial Medicine detail... (Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, pages 69, 70)
Winnebago Drug, Cold Remedy detail... (Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, pages 69, 70)
Winnebago Drug, Cough Medicine detail... (Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, pages 69, 70)
Winnebago Drug, Febrifuge detail... (Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, pages 69, 70)
Winnebago Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid detail... (Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, pages 69, 70)
Winnebago Drug, Panacea detail... (Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, pages 69, 70)
Winnebago Drug, Tonic detail... (Radin, Paul, 1923, The Winnebago Tribe, SI-BAE Annual Report #37, pages 265)
Winnebago Drug, Toothache Remedy detail... (Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, pages 69, 70)