| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Flathead Other, Incense & Fragrance Needles placed on stoves as incense or pulverized and used as body and garment scents. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 2 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Gitksan Drug, Cold Remedy Decoction of bark or inner bark used for colds. Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Gitksan Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of bark or inner bark used for coughs. Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Gitksan Drug, Misc. Disease Remedy Decoction of bark or inner bark used for flu. Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Gitksan Drug, Tonic Decoction of bark or inner bark used as a tonic. Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Hanaksiala Fiber, Furniture Wood used to make chairs and insect proof storage boxes for dancing regalia. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 174 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Hanaksiala Other, Containers Wood used to make chairs and insect proof storage boxes for dancing regalia. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 174 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Hanaksiala Other, Designs Tree used as a design on wooden drums. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 174 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Kutenai Drug, Dermatological Aid Gummy bark secretions used for cuts and bruises. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 2 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Montana Indian Drug, Cold Remedy Infusion of needles and resinous blisters used for colds. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 2 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Montana Indian Drug, Cold Remedy Poultice of needles used for colds. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 2 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Montana Indian Drug, Dermatological Aid Gummy bark secretions used as an antiseptic for wounds. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 2 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Montana Indian Drug, Dermatological Aid Gummy secretion from the bark used as an antiseptic for wounds and ulcers. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 5 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Montana Indian Drug, Dermatological Aid Plant applied to corns for easy removal. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 5 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Montana Indian Drug, Febrifuge Poultice of needles used for chest fevers. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 2 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Montana Indian Drug, Pulmonary Aid Gummy secretion from the bark taken for lung troubles. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 5 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Nez Perce Other, Ceremonial Items Branches used to drive away ghosts and bad spirits. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 2 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Nez Perce Other, Incense & Fragrance Boughs burned and used as incense in sweathouses. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 2 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of bark taken for bad coughs. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 23 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Dermatological Aid Bark dried, powdered and rubbed on the neck and under the arms as a deodorant. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 23 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Dermatological Aid Needles dried, powdered, mixed with marrow and used to scent the hair and keep from going bald. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 23 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Dietary Aid Pitch taken for a loss of appetite. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 23 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Decoction of bark taken for 'bad stomachs' with loss of appetite and loss of weight. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 23 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Pitch taken for ulcers. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 23 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Gland Medicine Pitch mixed with deer marrow and applied externally each evening for goiter. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 23 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Other Branch tips chewed for allergies caused by water hemlock. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 23 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Strengthener Pitch taken for a general feeling of weakness. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 23 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Pitch taken for consumption. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 23 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Okanagan-Colville Fiber, Mats, Rugs & Bedding Boughs used as a bedding base in the sweathouse. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 23 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Shoshoni Drug, Cold Remedy Infusion of needles taken for colds. Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks. Originally published in 1959, page 37 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Shoshoni Drug, Cold Remedy Infusion of resinous blisters taken for colds. Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks. Originally published in 1959, page 37 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Shuswap Fiber, Mats, Rugs & Bedding Branches used as floor of sweathouse, after swimming to keep feet clean and when butchering a deer. Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Shuswap Fiber, Mats, Rugs & Bedding Heated branches used to make a warm bed. Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Shuswap Food, Unspecified Seeds used for food. Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Shuswap Other, Cash Crop Cones sold for money. Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Shuswap Other, Fuel Wood used for a long lasting fire. Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Thompson Drug, Cold Remedy Pitch taken for colds. If too much balsam pitch were taken, it could make one stout. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Thompson Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of bark taken over a period of time for bad coughs. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Thompson Drug, Dermatological Aid Decoction of bark taken over a period of time for bruises. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Thompson Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of pitch used alone for cuts or with Vaseline for sores. The pitch was smeared over injuries and covered with a bandage. In earlier times, animal fat was probably used in place of Vaseline Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Thompson Drug, Orthopedic Aid Decoction of bark taken over a period of time for sprains. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Thompson Drug, Panacea Pitch taken for any type of bad disease. If too much balsam pitch were taken, it could make one stout. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Thompson Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Decoction of boughs and/or bark taken for tuberculosis. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Thompson Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Inner bark eaten as a medicine for 'shadow on the chest,' the beginning of tuberculosis. It made the informant very sick with aching, flu like symptoms, but after that, she did not develop tuberculosis. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Thompson Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Pitch taken for tuberculosis. If too much balsam pitch were taken, it could make one stout. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Thompson Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Poultice of pitch and buttercup roots used for tuberculosis. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Thompson Drug, Unspecified Decoction of branches taken as medicine. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Thompson Fiber, Mats, Rugs & Bedding Boughs valued as bedding and temporary floor coverings and changed every two to three days. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Thompson Food, Unspecified Inner bark used for food. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Thompson Other, Incense & Fragrance Boiled boughs mixed with decoctions of other plants and deer grease and used to perfume the hair. The boiled boughs were mixed with decoctions of leaves from a broad leafed plant from the Okanagan, sweet grass from the Thompson River and deer grease and then used to perfume the hair. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97 |