| Apocynum androsaemifolium L. Spreading Dogbane USDA APAN2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Analgesic Root smoke inhaled for headache. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 354355 |
| Apocynum androsaemifolium L. Spreading Dogbane USDA APAN2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Root, considered sacred, eaten during the medicine lodge ceremony. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 354355 |
| Apocynum androsaemifolium L. Spreading Dogbane USDA APAN2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Roots eaten during the medicine lodge ceremony. The roots are also chewed to keep the other witch doctors from affecting one with an evil charm. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 428 |
| Apocynum androsaemifolium L. Spreading Dogbane USDA APAN2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Diuretic Infusion of root taken as a diuretic during pregnancy. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 354355 |
| Apocynum androsaemifolium L. Spreading Dogbane USDA APAN2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Gynecological Aid Infusion of root taken as a diuretic during pregnancy. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 354355 |
| Apocynum androsaemifolium L. Spreading Dogbane USDA APAN2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Oral Aid Root used for coated tongue and headache. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 354355 |
| Apocynum androsaemifolium L. Spreading Dogbane USDA APAN2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Throat Aid Root eaten for throat trouble. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 354355 |
| Apocynum androsaemifolium L. Spreading Dogbane USDA APAN2 |
Ojibwa Fiber, Sewing Material Outer rind used for fine sewing. In the fall, when mature, this plant makes one of the strongest native fibers, stronger even than the cultivated hemp to which it is related. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 413 |
| Aquilegia canadensis L. Red Columbine USDA AQCA |
Ojibwa Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Root considered a good medicine for stomach trouble. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 383 |
| Aralia nudicaulis L. Wild Sarsaparilla USDA ARNU2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of pounded root applied to boils and carbuncles. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 356 |
| Aralia nudicaulis L. Wild Sarsaparilla USDA ARNU2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Hunting Medicine Roots & sweet flag made into tea & used to soak gill nets before setting out to catch fish at night. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 428 |
| Arctium minus Bernh. Lesser Burrdock USDA ARMI2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Analgesic Compound containing root taken for stomach pain. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 363 |
| Arctium minus Bernh. Lesser Burrdock USDA ARMI2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Compound containing root used for stomach pain. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 363 |
| Arctium minus Bernh. Lesser Burrdock USDA ARMI2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Tonic Root supposed to have tonic effect. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 363 |
| Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott Jack In The Pulpit USDA ARTRT3 |
Ojibwa Drug, Eye Medicine Root used for sore eyes. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 356 |
| Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. Louisiana Sagewort USDA ARLUL2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Veterinary Aid Plant used as a horse medicine. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 363 |
| Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. Louisiana Sagewort USDA ARLUL2 |
Sioux Other, Smoke Plant Plant used in smoking tobacco. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 417 |
| Asarum canadense L. Canadian Wildginger USDA ASCA |
Ojibwa Drug, Dietary Aid Root chewed by sick person as an appetite stimulant. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 357 |
| Asarum canadense L. Canadian Wildginger USDA ASCA |
Ojibwa Food, Dietary Aid Roots render any meat dish digestible by anyone, even if they are sick. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 397 |
| Asarum canadense L. Canadian Wildginger USDA ASCA |
Ojibwa Food, Spice Roots processed in lye water and used to season food and take muddy taste away from fish. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 397 |
| Asclepias syriaca L. Common Milkweed USDA ASSY |
Ojibwa Drug, Gynecological Aid Root used as a female remedy for unspecified ailment. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 357 |
| Asclepias syriaca L. Common Milkweed USDA ASSY |
Ojibwa Food, Vegetable Fresh flowers and shoot tips, mucilaginous like okra when cooked, used in meat soups. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 397 |
| Asclepias syriaca L. Common Milkweed USDA ASSY |
Ojibwa Food, Winter Use Food Dried flowers, freshened in the winter time, made into soup. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 397 |
| Asclepias syriaca L. Common Milkweed USDA ASSY |
Ojibwa Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Milk and Canada hawkweed milk used to put on a deer call to imitate the call of a hungry fawn. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 428 |
| Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth Common Ladyfern USDA ATFIA |
Ojibwa Drug, Dermatological Aid Grated dried root used as healing powder for sores. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 381 |
| Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth Common Ladyfern USDA ATFIA |
Ojibwa Drug, Gynecological Aid Infusion of root induced milk flow in patients with caked breast. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 381 |
| Betula alleghaniensis var. alleghaniensis Yellow Birch USDA BEALA |
Ojibwa Food, Beverage Sap and maple sap used for a pleasant beverage drink. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 397 |
| Betula papyrifera Marsh. Paper Birch USDA BEPAP |
Ojibwa Drug, Adjuvant Root used as a seasoner for medicines. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 358 |
| Betula papyrifera Marsh. Paper Birch USDA BEPAP |
Ojibwa Drug, Analgesic Root bark cooked with maple sugar as syrup for stomach cramps. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 358 |
| Betula papyrifera Marsh. Paper Birch USDA BEPAP |
Ojibwa Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Compound decoction of root bark taken to alleviate stomach cramps. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 358 |
| Betula papyrifera Marsh. Paper Birch USDA BEPAP |
Ojibwa Dye, Red Innermost bark boiled to extract a reddish dye. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 425 |
| Betula papyrifera Marsh. Paper Birch USDA BEPAP |
Ojibwa Fiber, Basketry Bark stripped and used to make emergency trays or buckets in the woods. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 416 |
| Betula papyrifera Marsh. Paper Birch USDA BEPAP |
Ojibwa Fiber, Basketry Bark used for buckets and baskets. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 413 |
| Betula papyrifera Marsh. Paper Birch USDA BEPAP |
Ojibwa Fiber, Basketry Baskets made for gathering and storing berries, maple sugar, dried fish, meat or any food. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 416 |
| Betula papyrifera Marsh. Paper Birch USDA BEPAP |
Ojibwa Fiber, Building Material Bark used for wigwam coverings. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 413 |
| Betula papyrifera Marsh. Paper Birch USDA BEPAP |
Ojibwa Fiber, Building Material Sheets of bark sewn together, made into rolls and used as waterproof roofing for wigwams. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 416 |
| Betula papyrifera Marsh. Paper Birch USDA BEPAP |
Ojibwa Fiber, Canoe Material Bark used for canoes. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 413 |
| Betula papyrifera Marsh. Paper Birch USDA BEPAP |
Ojibwa Fiber, Canoe Material Heavy pieces of bark used to make very durable canoes. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 414 |
| Betula papyrifera Marsh. Paper Birch USDA BEPAP |
Ojibwa Food, Preservative Birch bark keeps the food stored in it from spoiling. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 416 |
| Betula papyrifera Marsh. Paper Birch USDA BEPAP |
Ojibwa Other, Cooking Tools Bark used to make all sorts of drying trays. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 416 |
| Betula papyrifera Marsh. Paper Birch USDA BEPAP |
Ojibwa Other, Cooking Tools Bark used to make funnels for pouring hot lard. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 416 |
| Betula papyrifera Marsh. Paper Birch USDA BEPAP |
Ojibwa Other, Cooking Tools Bark used to make shallow trays for winnowing wild rice. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 416 |
| Betula papyrifera Marsh. Paper Birch USDA BEPAP |
Ojibwa Other, Cooking Tools Nearly any kitchen utensil common to the white man, could be duplicated in birch bark by the Ojibwe. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 416 |
| Betula papyrifera Marsh. Paper Birch USDA BEPAP |
Ojibwa Other, Fuel After stripping a felled tree of its bark, it was salvaged for firewood. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 416 |
| Betula papyrifera Marsh. Paper Birch USDA BEPAP |
Ojibwa Other, Fuel Scraps of bark used by women to kindle or light fires. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 416 |
| Betula papyrifera Marsh. Paper Birch USDA BEPAP |
Ojibwa Other, Lighting Bark rolled into a handy, burn all night torch. The Ojibwe often used a torch of rolled birch bark in lieu of candles. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 416 |
| Betula papyrifera Marsh. Paper Birch USDA BEPAP |
Ojibwa Other, Paper Patterns for decorative art made upon the bark. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 413 |
| Betula papyrifera Marsh. Paper Birch USDA BEPAP |
Ojibwa Other, Paper Records of medicine lodge rituals kept on its virgin surface. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 414 |
| Betula papyrifera Marsh. Paper Birch USDA BEPAP |
Ojibwa Other, Paper There were many layers of bark ranging from the thinnest paper to quite heavy pieces. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 414 |
| Betula papyrifera Marsh. Paper Birch USDA BEPAP |
Ojibwa Other, Preservative Wood had the property of protecting articles stored in it from decay. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 414 |