| Populus balsamifera L. Balsam Poplar USDA POBAB2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Dermatological Aid Buds cooked in grease and used as salve for cuts, wounds or bruises. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 387 |
| Populus balsamifera L. Balsam Poplar USDA POBAB2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Respiratory Aid Buds cooked in grease and rubbed in nostrils for catarrh or bronchitis. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 387 |
| Populus grandidentata Michx. Bigtooth Aspen USDA POGR4 |
Ojibwa Drug, Hemostat Infusion of young root used as a 'hemostatic.' Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 387388 |
| Populus grandidentata Michx. Bigtooth Aspen USDA POGR4 |
Ojibwa Food, Unspecified Cambium layer scraped, boiled and eaten, something like eggs. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 410 |
| Populus tremuloides Michx. Quaking Aspen USDA POTR5 |
Ojibwa Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of bark applied to cuts and wounds. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 388 |
| Populus tremuloides Michx. Quaking Aspen USDA POTR5 |
Ojibwa Drug, Orthopedic Aid Poultice of inner bark applied to sore arm or leg and used as a splint for broken limb. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 388 |
| Potentilla norvegica ssp. monspeliensis (L.) Aschers. & Graebn. Norwegian Cinquefoil USDA PONOM |
Ojibwa Drug, Cathartic Plant known to be a physic, even by the very young. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 384 |
| Prenanthes alba L. White Rattlesnakeroot USDA PRAL2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Diuretic Milk of lettuce used, especially in female diseases, as a diuretic. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 365 |
| Prenanthes alba L. White Rattlesnakeroot USDA PRAL2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Gynecological Aid Milk of plant used as a diuretic for female diseases and root used as a female remedy. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 365 |
| Prunella vulgaris L. Common Selfheal USDA PRVUV |
Ojibwa Drug, Gynecological Aid Compound containing root used as a female remedy. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 372 |
| Prunella vulgaris L. Common Selfheal USDA PRVUV |
Ojibwa Drug, Hunting Medicine Root, sharpened the powers of observation, used to make a tea to drink before going hunting. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 430 |
| Prunus nigra Ait. Canadian Plum USDA PRNI |
Ojibwa Dye, Mordant Inner bark used as an astringent color fixative in dyeing with other plant dyes. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 426 |
| Prunus nigra Ait. Canadian Plum USDA PRNI |
Ojibwa Food, Fruit Large quantities of plums found in thickets and gathered for food. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 409 |
| Prunus nigra Ait. Canadian Plum USDA PRNI |
Ojibwa Food, Preserves Large quantities of plums found in thickets and gathered for preserves. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 409 |
| Prunus pensylvanica L. f. Pin Cherry USDA PRPEP |
Ojibwa Drug, Cough Medicine Inner bark used as a cough remedy. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 385 |
| Prunus pensylvanica L. f. Pin Cherry USDA PRPEP |
Ojibwa Food, Fruit Berries used for food. The pin cherry was abundant around the Flambeau Reservation and the Ojibwe were fond of it. It was an education in itself to see a group of Ojibwe women working on mats with a supply of fruit laden branches beside them. With one hand they would start a stream of berries into the mouth and the stream of cherry stones ejected from the other corner of the mouth seemed ceaseless. The Pillager Ojibwe also had the tree and used it is the same manner. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 409 |
| Prunus pumila L. Sand Cherry USDA PRPUP |
Ojibwa Food, Fruit This species was plentiful on sandy openings in the forest and the fruit gathered for food. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 409 |
| Prunus serotina Ehrh. Black Cherry USDA PRSES |
Ojibwa Drug, Cold Remedy Infusion of bark used for colds. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 385 |
| Prunus serotina Ehrh. Black Cherry USDA PRSES |
Ojibwa Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion of bark used for coughs. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 385 |
| Prunus serotina Ehrh. Black Cherry USDA PRSES |
Ojibwa Food, Beverage Ripe cherries used to make whiskey. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 409 |
| Prunus serotina Ehrh. Black Cherry USDA PRSES |
Ojibwa Food, Dried Food This cherry was preferred to all other wild cherries and dried for winter use. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 409 |
| Prunus virginiana L. Common Chokecherry USDA PRVIV |
Ojibwa Drug, Pulmonary Aid Infusion of inner bark taken for lung trouble. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 385 |
| Prunus virginiana L. Common Chokecherry USDA PRVIV |
Ojibwa Food, Fruit Fruit of this cherry was liked, especially after the fruit had been frosted. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 409 |
| Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn Western Brackenfern |
Ojibwa Drug, Analgesic Infusion of root taken by women to allay stomach cramps. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 382 |
| Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn Western Brackenfern |
Ojibwa Drug, Analgesic Smoke from dried leaves on coals used for headaches. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 382 |
| Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn Western Brackenfern |
Ojibwa Drug, Gynecological Aid Infusion of root taken by women to allay stomach cramps. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 382 |
| Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn Western Brackenfern |
Ojibwa Food, Soup Young fern sprouts used as a soup material. The tips were thrown into hot water for an hour to rid them of ants, then put into soup stock and thickened with flour. The flavor resembles wild rice. Hunters were very careful to live wholly upon this when stalking does in the spring. The doe feeds upon the fronds and the hunter does also, so that his breath does not betray his presence. He claims to be able to approach within twenty feet without disturbing the deer, from which distance he can easily make a fatal shot with his bow and arrow. After killing the deer, the hunter will eat whatever strikes his fancy. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 408 |
| Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn Western Brackenfern |
Ojibwa Food, Unspecified Young fern tips, with coiled fronds, were like asparagus tips, only not stringy like asparagus. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 408 |
| Pyrola americana Sweet American Wintergreen USDA PYAM |
Ojibwa Drug, Hunting Medicine Dried leaves used to make tea and drunk as good luck potion in the morning before the hunt started. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 430 |
| Quercus alba L. White Oak USDA QUAL |
Ojibwa Fiber, Building Material Wood used in making wigwams and for several other things. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 418 |
| Quercus alba L. White Oak USDA QUAL |
Ojibwa Food, Soup Acorns soaked in lye water to remove bitter tannin taste, dried for storage and used to make soup. Lye for leaching acorns was obtained by soaking wood ashes in water. Acorns were put in a net bag and then soaked in the lye, then rinsed several times in warm water. The acorns were then dried for storage, and when wanted, pounded into a coarse flour which was used to thicken soups or form a sort of mush. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 401 |
| Quercus alba L. White Oak USDA QUAL |
Ojibwa Other, Tools Wood was of much value, especially for making awls to punch holes in birch bark. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 418 |
| Quercus macrocarpa Michx. Bur Oak USDA QUMAM |
Ojibwa Drug, Dermatological Aid Bark used as an astringent medicine. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 369 |
| Quercus macrocarpa Michx. Bur Oak USDA QUMAM |
Ojibwa Drug, Orthopedic Aid Bark used to bandage a broken foot or leg. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 369 |
| Quercus macrocarpa Michx. Bur Oak USDA QUMAM |
Ojibwa Dye, Mordant Bark used in combination with other materials to set color. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 425 |
| Quercus macrocarpa Michx. Bur Oak USDA QUMAM |
Ojibwa Food, Unspecified Acorns treated with lye to remove bitterness and eaten. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 402 |
| Quercus rubra L. Northern Red Oak USDA QURUR |
Ojibwa Drug, Heart Medicine Bark used for 'heart troubles and bronchial affections.' Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 369370 |
| Quercus rubra L. Northern Red Oak USDA QURUR |
Ojibwa Drug, Respiratory Aid Bark used for 'heart troubles and bronchial affections.' Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 369370 |
| Quercus rubra L. Northern Red Oak USDA QURUR |
Ojibwa Food, Staple Acorns leached with lye and used as of the most important starchy foods. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 402 |
| Quercus velutina Lam. Black Oak USDA QUVE |
Ojibwa Dye, Mordant Bark used for a reddish yellow dye and to set its own color. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 425 |
| Quercus velutina Lam. Black Oak USDA QUVE |
Ojibwa Dye, Red-Yellow Bark used for a reddish yellow dye and to set its own color. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 425 |
| Quercus velutina Lam. Black Oak USDA QUVE |
Ojibwa Food, Unspecified Acorns, with tannic acid extracted, equally as good as other acorns. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 402 |
| Ranunculus pensylvanicus L. f. Pennsylvania Buttercup USDA RAPE2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Hunting Medicine Seeds smoked in hunting medicine to lure buck deer near enough for a shot with bow and arrow. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 431 |
| Ranunculus pensylvanicus L. f. Pennsylvania Buttercup USDA RAPE2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Hunting Medicine Seeds used as a hunting medicine. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 383 |
| Ranunculus pensylvanicus L. f. Pennsylvania Buttercup USDA RAPE2 |
Ojibwa Dye, Red Entire plant boiled to yield a red coloring dye and bur oak added to set the color. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 426 |
| Rhus glabra L. Smooth Sumac USDA RHGL |
Ojibwa Drug, Dermatological Aid Inner bark of trunk or twig used in compounds as astringents. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 354 |
| Rhus glabra L. Smooth Sumac USDA RHGL |
Ojibwa Drug, Eye Medicine Infusion of blossoms used as a wash for sore eyes. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 354 |
| Rhus glabra L. Smooth Sumac USDA RHGL |
Ojibwa Drug, Hemostat Infusion of root bark used as a 'hemostatic.' Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 354 |
| Rhus glabra L. Smooth Sumac USDA RHGL |
Ojibwa Drug, Unspecified Poultice of leaves used for unspecified conditions. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 354 |
| Rhus glabra L. Smooth Sumac USDA RHGL |
Ojibwa Dye, Orange Inner bark and central pith of the stem mixed with bloodroot and used for the orange color. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 424 |