| Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (K.C. Gmel.) Palla Softstem Bulrush USDA SCTA2 |
Ojibwa Fiber, Mats, Rugs & Bedding Rushes used for the best mats. The bleached rushes were immersed in water for a few days and then cleansed. They selected long rushes, with small diameters, so that the pith content was small. When the mat was in service, such fibers were not readily crushed. The rush, when gathered, is an intense green, white only at the base where it stands in water. All rushes were first bleached pure white, and afterwards colored as desired. They were pulled, rather than cut, in order to obtain the maximum length. When thoroughly bleached and dried, they dyed them with white men's dyes. Formerly they used native dyes, which they really preferred. The bleached rushes predominated in any rug, and were ivory-white in color. The finished rug or mat was three feet wide and from four to eight feet long, and sold for from $8 to $30 in 1923. The edge was bound securely with nettle fiber cord. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 418 |
| Scirpus cyperinus (L.) Kunth Woolgrass USDA SCCY |
Ojibwa Fiber, Basketry Small rushes formerly used for woven storage bags. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 418 |
| Scirpus cyperinus (L.) Kunth Woolgrass USDA SCCY |
Ojibwa Fiber, Mats, Rugs & Bedding Small rushes used for a certain kind of mat. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 418 |
| Scutellaria galericulata L. Marsh Skullcap USDA SCGA |
Ojibwa Drug, Heart Medicine Plant used for heart trouble. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 372 |
| Silene latifolia ssp. alba (P. Mill.) Greuter & Burdet Bladder Campion USDA SILAA3 |
Ojibwa Drug, Cathartic Infusion of root used as a physic. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 361 |
| Silphium perfoliatum L. Cup Plant USDA SIPEP |
Ojibwa Drug, Antirheumatic (Internal) Infusion of root taken for lumbago and other rheumatic back pains. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 365 |
| Silphium perfoliatum L. Cup Plant USDA SIPEP |
Ojibwa Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Plant used for stomach trouble. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 365 |
| Silphium perfoliatum L. Cup Plant USDA SIPEP |
Ojibwa Drug, Hemostat Plant used for hemorrhage. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 365 |
| Sium suave Walt. Hemlock Waterparsnip USDA SISU2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Hunting Medicine Seeds smoked over a fire to drive away and blind evil spirit that steals away one's hunting luck. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 432 |
| Smilax herbacea L. Smooth Carrionflower USDA SMHE |
Ojibwa Drug, Pulmonary Aid Root used for lung troubles. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 374 |
| Solanum tuberosum L. Irish Potato USDA SOTU |
Ojibwa Food, Soup Potato cultivated and prized for use in soups. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 410 |
| Solanum tuberosum L. Irish Potato USDA SOTU |
Ojibwa Food, Vegetable Potato cultivated and always firm and crisp when cooked. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 410 |
| Sphagnum dusenii C. Jens. Sphagnum |
Ojibwa Fiber, Mats, Rugs & Bedding Moss gathered and dried to make mattresses. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 422 |
| Spiraea salicifolia L. Willowleaf Meadowsweet USDA SPSA2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Hunting Medicine Root used as a trapping medicine. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 386 |
| Spiraea tomentosa L. Steeplebush USDA SPTO2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Antiemetic Infusion of leaves and flowers taken for the sickness of pregnancy. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 386 |
| Spiraea tomentosa L. Steeplebush USDA SPTO2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Gynecological Aid Infusion of leaves and flowers taken for the sickness of pregnancy. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 386 |
| Spiraea tomentosa L. Steeplebush USDA SPTO2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Gynecological Aid Infusion of leaves and flowers used to ease childbirth. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 386 |
| Spiranthes lacera var. gracilis (Bigelow) Luer Northern Slender Ladiestresses USDA SPLAG |
Ojibwa Drug, Hunting Medicine Roots used as an ingredient of the hunting charm to bring game to the hunter. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 431 |
| Sticta glomulifera Tree Lichen |
Ojibwa Food, Unspecified Boiled until the lichens coagulate like scrambled eggs. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 406 |
| Streptopus lanceolatus var. roseus (Michx.) Reveal Rosy Twistedstalk USDA STLAR |
Ojibwa Drug, Cathartic Plant used as a physic and infusion taken as a cough remedy. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 374 |
| Streptopus lanceolatus var. roseus (Michx.) Reveal Rosy Twistedstalk USDA STLAR |
Ojibwa Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion of plant taken as a cough remedy and used as a physic. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 374 |
| Symphoricarpos albus var. albus Common Snowberry USDA SYALA |
Ojibwa Drug, Gynecological Aid Infusion of root taken 'to clear up the afterbirth' and hasten convalescence. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 361 |
| Symphyotrichum cordifolium (L.) Nesom Common Blue Wood Aster USDA SYCO4 |
Ojibwa Drug, Hunting Medicine Root used to make a smoke or incense to attract deer near enough to shoot it with a bow and arrow. A number of the composites as well as plants from other families are used in the hunting charms. The deer carries its scent or spoor in between its toes, and wherever the foot is impressed into the ground, other animals can detect its presence. This allows dogs to track them. It is a peculiar scent and the Ojibwe tries successfully to counterfeit it with roots and herbs. The root of this aster is but one of nineteen that can be used. They say that the white man drives the deer away when he smokes cigarettes or cigars, but the Indian bring them closer. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 428 |
| Taenidia integerrima (L.) Drude Yellow Pimpernel USDA TAIN |
Ojibwa Drug, Hunting Medicine Seeds smoked in a pipe when one goes hunting for they will bring him luck. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 432 |
| Tanacetum vulgare L. Common Tansy USDA TAVU |
Ojibwa Drug, Febrifuge Plant used as a fever medicine. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 366 |
| Tanacetum vulgare L. Common Tansy USDA TAVU |
Ojibwa Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Yellow flowers used in the odorous hunting mixture smoked to attract deer. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 429 |
| Taraxacum officinale G.H. Weber ex Wiggers Common Dandelion USDA TAOFO |
Ojibwa Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Infusion of root taken for heartburn. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 366 |
| Taraxacum officinale G.H. Weber ex Wiggers Common Dandelion USDA TAOFO |
Ojibwa Food, Vegetable Young leaves gathered in spring and cooked as greens with pork or venison and maple sap vinegar. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 399 |
| Thalictrum dasycarpum Fisch. & Av‚-Lall. Purple Meadowrue USDA THDA |
Ojibwa Drug, Febrifuge Infusion of root used for fevers. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 383 |
| Thuja occidentalis L. Eastern Arborvitae USDA THOC2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Analgesic Infusion of leaves used for headache. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 380 |
| Thuja occidentalis L. Eastern Arborvitae USDA THOC2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Blood Medicine Decoction of leaves taken as a blood purifier. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 380 |
| Thuja occidentalis L. Eastern Arborvitae USDA THOC2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Smoke used to purify sacred objects, hands and persons of participants. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 380 |
| Thuja occidentalis L. Eastern Arborvitae USDA THOC2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of leaves taken for coughs. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 380 |
| Thuja occidentalis L. Eastern Arborvitae USDA THOC2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Diaphoretic Compound containing leaves used in the sweatbath. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 380 |
| Thuja occidentalis L. Eastern Arborvitae USDA THOC2 |
Ojibwa Fiber, Basketry Tough, stringy bark used in making fiber bags. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 422 |
| Thuja occidentalis L. Eastern Arborvitae USDA THOC2 |
Ojibwa Fiber, Canoe Material Light, strong, straight-grained wood used for canoe frames and ribs. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 422 |
| Thuja occidentalis L. Eastern Arborvitae USDA THOC2 |
Ojibwa Other, Incense & Fragrance Pungent fragrance of leaves and wood always used as an acceptable incense to Winabojo. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 421 |
| Thuja occidentalis L. Eastern Arborvitae USDA THOC2 |
Ojibwa Other, Sacred Items This tree and the white cedar were worshipped as the two most useful trees in the forest. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 421 |
| Tilia americana L. American Basswood USDA TIAMA |
Ojibwa Fiber, Cordage Tough, fibrous bark of young trees furnished ready cordage and string. The women stripped the bark and peeled the outer edge from the inner fiber with their teeth. The rolls were then kept in coils or were boiled and kept as coils until needed, being soaked again when used, to make them pliable. While there were countless uses for this cordage, perhaps the most important was in tying the poles together for the framework of the wigwam or medicine lodge. When these crossings of poles were lashed together with wet bark fiber, it was easy to get a tight knot which shrank when dry and made an even tighter joint. The bark of an elm or a balsam, cut into broad strips was then sewed into place on the framework with basswood string. An oak wood awl was used to punch holes in the bark, but Smith notes that, when they made his wigwam, they used an old file end for an awl. He reports that he lived in this new wigwam all the time he was among the Pillager Ojibwe and scarcely a night passed without a group of them visiting him and sitting around the campfire, telling old time stories. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 422 |
| Trientalis borealis ssp. borealis Maystar USDA TRBOB |
Ojibwa Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Root mixed with many others to make smoking scent that attracted the deer to the hunter. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 431 |
| Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. Eastern Hemlock USDA TSCA |
Ojibwa Drug, Adjuvant Leaves made into a tea and used as a beverage and to disguise medicine. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 408 |
| Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. Eastern Hemlock USDA TSCA |
Ojibwa Drug, Adjuvant Leaves used to flavor medicinal tea. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 380 |
| Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. Eastern Hemlock USDA TSCA |
Ojibwa Drug, Dermatological Aid Bark used for cuts, wounds and bleeding wounds. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 380 |
| Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. Eastern Hemlock USDA TSCA |
Ojibwa Drug, Hemostat Bark used for bleeding wounds. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 380 |
| Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. Eastern Hemlock USDA TSCA |
Ojibwa Dye, Mordant Bark used with a little rock dust to set the color. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 426 |
| Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. Eastern Hemlock USDA TSCA |
Ojibwa Dye, Red-Brown Bark used with a little rock dust to dye materials a dark red brown. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 426 |
| Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. Eastern Hemlock USDA TSCA |
Ojibwa Food, Beverage Leaves made into a tea and used as a beverage and to disguise medicine. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 408 |
| Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. Eastern Hemlock USDA TSCA |
Ojibwa Other, Fuel Bark used for fuel, when reboiling pitch, because the heat was easy to regulate. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 422 |
| Typha latifolia L. Broadleaf Cattail USDA TYLA |
Ojibwa Drug, Other Fruit fuzz used as a war medicine. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 390 |
| Typha latifolia L. Broadleaf Cattail USDA TYLA |
Ojibwa Fiber, Mats, Rugs & Bedding Fuzz or seed used to make a quilt and the quilt used to make a sleeping bag. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 423 |