| Betula papyrifera Marsh. Paper Birch USDA BEPAP |
Ojibwa Other, Protection Ojibwe claim that birch was never struck by lightning, hence offered a safe harbor in thunderstorms. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 414 |
| Betula papyrifera Marsh. Paper Birch USDA BEPAP |
Ojibwa Other, Sacred Items No birch was gathered by the Ojibwe without due offering of tobacco to Winabojo & Grandmother Earth. Families made a pilgrimage to birch groves during the latter part of June and in July to gather their supply of birch bark, because it peels most easily at that time. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 414 |
| Betula papyrifera Marsh. Paper Birch USDA BEPAP |
Ojibwa Other, Sacred Items Paper birch and cedar form the two most sacred trees of the Ojibwe, both of which were very useful. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 414 |
| Betula papyrifera Marsh. Paper Birch USDA BEPAP |
Ojibwa Other, Sacred Items The Ojibwe regard the bark as a distinct 'contribution from Winabojo.' Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 414 |
| Betula pumila var. glandulifera Regel Glandulose Birch USDA BEPUG |
Ojibwa Drug, Gynecological Aid Infusion of cones taken during menses and for strength after childbirth. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 358 |
| Betula pumila var. glandulifera Regel Glandulose Birch USDA BEPUG |
Ojibwa Drug, Respiratory Aid Smoke of cones inhaled for catarrh. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 358 |
| Betula pumila var. glandulifera Regel Glandulose Birch USDA BEPUG |
Ojibwa Fiber, Basketry Twigs of this dwarf birch used for the ribs of baskets. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 417 |
| Botrychium virginianum (L.) Sw. Rattlesnake Fern USDA BOVI |
Ojibwa Drug, Pulmonary Aid Plant said to be good for lung trouble. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 377 |
| Botrychium virginianum (L.) Sw. Rattlesnake Fern USDA BOVI |
Ojibwa Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Plant said to be good for consumption. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 377 |
| Caltha palustris L. Yellow Marshmarigold USDA CAPAP6 |
Ojibwa Food, Unspecified Leaves cooked with pork in the spring time. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 408 |
| Campanula rotundifolia L. Bluebell Bellflower USDA CARO2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Pulmonary Aid Compound containing root used for lung troubles. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 360 |
| Cardamine maxima (Nutt.) Wood Large Toothwort USDA CAMA36 |
Ojibwa Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Roots used as a good medicine for the stomach. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 399 |
| Cardamine maxima (Nutt.) Wood Large Toothwort USDA CAMA36 |
Ojibwa Food, Vegetable Favored wild potatoes cooked with corn and deer meat or beans and deer meat. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 399 |
| Carya ovata (P. Mill.) K. Koch Shagbark Hickory USDA CAOV2 |
Ojibwa Food, Unspecified Edible nuts were appreciated. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 405 |
| Carya ovata (P. Mill.) K. Koch Shagbark Hickory USDA CAOV2 |
Ojibwa Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Wood used for making bows. Some are quite particular about the piece of wood they select, choosing a billet from the tree that includes heart wood on one side and sap wood on the other. The heart wood is the front of the bow in use, while the sap wood is nearest the user. It is a wood of general utility. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 419 |
| Caulophyllum thalictroides (L.) Michx. Blue Cohosh USDA CATH2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Analgesic Root used for stomach cramps accompanying painful menstruation. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 358 |
| Caulophyllum thalictroides (L.) Michx. Blue Cohosh USDA CATH2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Emetic Decoction of root taken as an emetic. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 358 |
| Caulophyllum thalictroides (L.) Michx. Blue Cohosh USDA CATH2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Gynecological Aid Root used for stomach cramps accompanying painful menstruation. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 358 |
| Celastrus scandens L. American Bittersweet USDA CESC |
Ojibwa Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Berries used for stomach trouble. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 362 |
| Celastrus scandens L. American Bittersweet USDA CESC |
Ojibwa Food, Soup Inner bark used to make a thick soup when other food unobtainable in the winter. The Ojibwe name of the bitter-sweet is 'manidobima' kwit' which means 'spirit twisted' and 'refers to the twisted intestines of the their culture hero, Winabojo. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 398 |
| Chamaedaphne calyculata (L.) Moench Leatherleaf USDA CHCA2 |
Ojibwa Food, Beverage Fresh or dried leaves used as a beverage tea. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 400 |
| Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium Fireweed USDA CHANA2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of pounded root applied to boils and carbuncles. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 376 |
| Chimaphila umbellata (L.) W. Bart. Pipsissewa USDA CHUMC2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Infusion of plant used for stomach troubles. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 368 |
| Cicuta maculata L. Spotted Water Hemlock USDA CIMAM |
Ojibwa Drug, Hunting Medicine Root used in hunting medicine smoked to attract the buck deer near enough to shoot with bow & arrow. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 432 |
| Cicuta maculata L. Spotted Water Hemlock USDA CIMAM |
Ojibwa Drug, Unspecified Root used medicinally. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 390 |
| Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. Canadian Thistle USDA CIAR4 |
Ojibwa Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Plant used as a 'bowel tonic.' Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 364 |
| Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. Bull Thistle USDA CIVU |
Ojibwa Drug, Analgesic Root used by men and women for stomach cramps. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 364 |
| Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. Bull Thistle USDA CIVU |
Ojibwa Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Root used by men and women for stomach cramps. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 364 |
| Clintonia borealis (Ait.) Raf. Yellow Bluebeadlily USDA CLBO3 |
Ojibwa Drug, Antidote Root applied to draw poison from bite made by dog which has eaten the plant. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 373 |
| Clintonia borealis (Ait.) Raf. Yellow Bluebeadlily USDA CLBO3 |
Ojibwa Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of roots used on wound caused by dog's northern clintonia poisoned teeth. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 430 |
| Clintonia borealis (Ait.) Raf. Yellow Bluebeadlily USDA CLBO3 |
Ojibwa Drug, Gynecological Aid Infusion of root used to aid parturition. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 373 |
| Clintonia borealis (Ait.) Raf. Yellow Bluebeadlily USDA CLBO3 |
Ojibwa Drug, Poison Roots chewed by dogs to poison their teeth and kills animals they bite. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 430 |
| Coeloglossum viride var. virescens (Muhl. ex Willd.) Luer Longbract Frog Orchid USDA COVIV |
Ojibwa Drug, Love Medicine Plant used as a sort of love charm and often put to bad use. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 431 |
| Coeloglossum viride var. virescens (Muhl. ex Willd.) Luer Longbract Frog Orchid USDA COVIV |
Ojibwa Drug, Love Medicine Root smuggled into another's food as an aphrodisiac. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 377 |
| Comarum palustre L. Purple Marshlocks USDA COPA28 |
Ojibwa Drug, Analgesic Plant used alone for stomach cramps. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 384385 |
| Comarum palustre L. Purple Marshlocks USDA COPA28 |
Ojibwa Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Plant used for stomach cramps. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 384385 |
| Comptonia peregrina (L.) Coult. Sweet Fern USDA COPE80 |
Ojibwa Drug, Analgesic Infusion of leaves taken for flux and stomach cramps. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 375 |
| Comptonia peregrina (L.) Coult. Sweet Fern USDA COPE80 |
Ojibwa Drug, Antidiarrheal Infusion of leaves taken for stomach cramps and flux. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 375 |
| Comptonia peregrina (L.) Coult. Sweet Fern USDA COPE80 |
Ojibwa Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Decoction of leaves taken for stomach cramps and flux. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 375 |
| Comptonia peregrina (L.) Coult. Sweet Fern USDA COPE80 |
Ojibwa Food, Preservative Leaves used to line buckets when picking blueberries and cover them to prevent spoiling. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 420 |
| Conyza canadensis var. canadensis Canadian Horseweed USDA COCAC3 |
Ojibwa Drug, Hunting Medicine Disk florets smoked as one of the hunting charms. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 429 |
| Coptis trifolia (L.) Salisb. Threeleaf Goldthread USDA COTR2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Oral Aid Decoction of root used as a wash for sore mouth and to soothe mouth of teething baby. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 383 |
| Coptis trifolia (L.) Salisb. Threeleaf Goldthread USDA COTR2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Pediatric Aid Decoction of root used to soothe mouth of teething baby. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 383 |
| Coptis trifolia (L.) Salisb. Threeleaf Goldthread USDA COTR2 |
Ojibwa Dye, Yellow Golden-colored roots added to other plant dyes to emphasize the yellow color. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 426 |
| Cornus alternifolia L. f. Alternateleaf Dogwood USDA COAL2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Emetic Inner bark used as an emetic. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 366 |
| Cornus alternifolia L. f. Alternateleaf Dogwood USDA COAL2 |
Ojibwa Fiber, Building Material Twigs used for thatching and various other purposes. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 417 |
| Cornus alternifolia L. f. Alternateleaf Dogwood USDA COAL2 |
Ojibwa Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Root boiled to wash muskrat traps and make it lure the muskrat. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 429 |
| Cornus alternifolia L. f. Alternateleaf Dogwood USDA COAL2 |
Ojibwa Other, Smoke Plant Bark used for kinnikinnick. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 417 |
| Cornus canadensis L. Bunchberry Dogwood USDA COCA13 |
Ojibwa Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Infusion of root used for infant colic. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 366367 |
| Cornus canadensis L. Bunchberry Dogwood USDA COCA13 |
Ojibwa Drug, Pediatric Aid Infusion of root used for infant colic. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 366367 |