| Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill. Balsam Fir USDA ABBA |
Ojibwa Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Needle-like leaves used as part of the ceremony involving the sweatbath. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 378 |
| Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill. Balsam Fir USDA ABBA |
Ojibwa Drug, Cold Remedy Balsam gum used for colds and leaf smoke inhaled for colds. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 378 |
| Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill. Balsam Fir USDA ABBA |
Ojibwa Drug, Dermatological Aid Balsam gum used for sores and compound containing leaves used as a wash. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 378 |
| Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill. Balsam Fir USDA ABBA |
Ojibwa Drug, Diaphoretic Needle-like leaves used as part of the medicine for the sweatbath. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 378 |
| Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill. Balsam Fir USDA ABBA |
Ojibwa Drug, Eye Medicine Liquid balsam from bark blister used for sore eyes. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 378 |
| Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill. Balsam Fir USDA ABBA |
Ojibwa Drug, Stimulant Leaves used as a reviver and used in compound as a wash. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 378 |
| Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill. Balsam Fir USDA ABBA |
Ojibwa Fiber, Canoe Material Resin boiled twice and added to suet or fat to make a canoe pitch. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 420 |
| Acer negundo L. Boxelder USDA ACNEN |
Ojibwa Drug, Emetic Infusion of inner bark taken as an emetic. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 353 |
| Acer negundo L. Boxelder USDA ACNEN |
Ojibwa Food, Beverage Sap mixed with the sap of the sugar maple and used as a beverage. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 394 |
| Acer rubrum L. Red Maple USDA ACRUR |
Ojibwa Drug, Eye Medicine Decoction of bark used as a wash for sore eyes. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 353 |
| Acer rubrum L. Red Maple USDA ACRUR |
Ojibwa Other, Designs Leaf frequently used in the Ojibwe beadwork designs. Many leaves, flowers and fruits furnish designs. Since the plants are sacred to their midewiwin or medicine lodge, it is common for them to use especially valuable remedies in their designs. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 412 |
| Acer saccharum Marsh. Sugar Maple USDA ACSAS |
Ojibwa Food, Beverage Sap saved to drink as it comes from the tree, alone or mixed with box elder or birch sap. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 394 |
| Acer saccharum Marsh. Sugar Maple USDA ACSAS |
Ojibwa Food, Sour Sap allowed to sour to make vinegar and mixed with maple sugar to cook sweet and sour meat. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 394 |
| Acer saccharum Marsh. Sugar Maple USDA ACSAS |
Ojibwa Food, Sweetener Maple sugar used to season all kinds of meats, replaced now with salt. Smith describes in detail the process by which the Ojibwe make maple syrup. Although now (1932) they use iron kettles, originally the sap and storage vessels were 'made of birch bark, sewed with boiled basswood fiber or the core of the jack pine root.' The vessels are rendered waterproof by the application of pitch secured by boiling jack pine cones. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 394 |
| Acer saccharum Marsh. Sugar Maple USDA ACSAS |
Ojibwa Other, Cooking Tools Wood used to make bowls and many other objects of utility. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 413 |
| Acer saccharum Marsh. Sugar Maple USDA ACSAS |
Ojibwa Other, Cooking Tools Wood used to make paddles for stirring maple sugar or wild rice while scorching or parching it. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 413 |
| Acer spicatum Lam. Mountain Maple USDA ACSP2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Eye Medicine Infusion of pith used as a wash for sore eyes and pith used to remove foreign matter. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 353 |
| Acer spicatum Lam. Mountain Maple USDA ACSP2 |
Ojibwa Other, Designs Three-lobed leaf was a great favorite with Ojibwe women for design work for beading. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 413 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Florets smoked for ceremonial purposes. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 362 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Febrifuge Florets placed on coals and smoke inhaled to break a fever. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 362 |
| Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis DC. Western Yarrow USDA ACMIO |
Ojibwa Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Compound containing flowering heads smoked for ceremonial purposes. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 362 |
| Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis DC. Western Yarrow USDA ACMIO |
Ojibwa Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of leaves applied to spider bite. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 362 |
| Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis DC. Western Yarrow USDA ACMIO |
Ojibwa Other, Ceremonial Items Flower heads used in the kinnikinnick mixture smoked in medicine lodge ceremonies. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 417 |
| Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis DC. Western Yarrow USDA ACMIO |
Ojibwa Other, Smoke Plant Flower heads used in the kinnikinnick mixture smoked in medicine lodge ceremonies. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 417 |
| Acorus calamus L. Calamus USDA ACAM |
Ojibwa Drug, Analgesic Root used for stomach cramps. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 355 |
| Acorus calamus L. Calamus USDA ACAM |
Ojibwa Drug, Cathartic Root used as a quick acting physic. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 355 |
| Acorus calamus L. Calamus USDA ACAM |
Ojibwa Drug, Cold Remedy Root used for cold in the throat. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 355 |
| Acorus calamus L. Calamus USDA ACAM |
Ojibwa Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Root used for stomach cramps. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 355 |
| Acorus calamus L. Calamus USDA ACAM |
Ojibwa Drug, Hunting Medicine Root and sarsaparilla root made into tea and used on gill nets to bring a fine catch of white fish. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 428 |
| Acorus calamus L. Calamus USDA ACAM |
Ojibwa Drug, Throat Aid Root used for 'a cold in the throat.' Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 355 |
| Actaea rubra (Ait.) Willd. Red Baneberry USDA ACRUR2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Root eaten by men for stomach troubles. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 382 |
| Actaea rubra (Ait.) Willd. Red Baneberry USDA ACRUR2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Gynecological Aid Infusion of root taken after childbirth 'to clear up the system.' Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 382 |
| Agrimonia gryposepala Wallr. Tall Hairy Agrimony USDA AGGR2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Urinary Aid Compound containing root used as a medicine for urinary troubles. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 383384 |
| Allium cernuum Roth Nodding Onion USDA ALCEC2 |
Ojibwa Food, Vegetable Used in the spring as an article of food, the small wild onion was sweet. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 406 |
| Allium tricoccum Ait. Wild Leek USDA ALTR3 |
Ojibwa Food, Dried Food Large, bitter, wild leek gathered in spring and dried for future use. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 406 |
| Alnus incana (L.) Moench Mountain Alder USDA ALINR |
Ojibwa Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Decoction of root taken as astringent and coagulant after bloody stools. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 358 |
| Alnus incana (L.) Moench Mountain Alder USDA ALINR |
Ojibwa Dye, Yellow Inner bark used for dyeing light yellow or with other ingredients for red, red brown or black. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 425 |
| Amelanchier laevis Wieg. Allegheny Serviceberry USDA AMLA |
Ojibwa Drug, Gynecological Aid Infusion of bark taken by expectant mothers. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 384 |
| Amelanchier laevis Wieg. Allegheny Serviceberry USDA AMLA |
Ojibwa Food, Dried Food Berries used for food and dried for winter use, the Indians preferred them to blueberries. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 408 |
| Amphicarpaea bracteata (L.) Fern. American Hogpeanut USDA AMBRB |
Ojibwa Food, Unspecified Roots cooked, although really too small to be considered of much importance. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 405 |
| Amphicarpaea bracteata (L.) Fern. American Hogpeanut USDA AMBRB |
Ojibwa Food, Vegetable Beans cooked, unusual flavor imparted and eaten. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 405 |
| Anaphalis margaritacea (L.) Benth. Western Pearlyeverlasting USDA ANMA |
Ojibwa Drug, Stimulant Powdered flowers sprinkled on coals and smoke inhaled to revive stroke victim. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 362363 |
| Andromeda polifolia var. glaucophylla (Link) DC. Bog Rosemary USDA ANPOG |
Ojibwa Food, Beverage Fresh or dried leaves and tips boiled for a beverage tea. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 400 |
| Anemone canadensis L. Canadian Anemone USDA ANCA8 |
Ojibwa Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Root eaten to clear throat so one can sing well in medicine lodge ceremony. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 382383 |
| Anemone canadensis L. Canadian Anemone USDA ANCA8 |
Ojibwa Drug, Throat Aid Root eaten to clear throat so one can sing well in ceremonies. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 382383 |
| Anemone cylindrica Gray Candle Anemone USDA ANCY |
Ojibwa Drug, Pulmonary Aid Infusion of root taken for lung congestion and tuberculosis. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 383 |
| Anemone cylindrica Gray Candle Anemone USDA ANCY |
Ojibwa Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Infusion of root used for lung congestion and tuberculosis. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 383 |
| Antennaria howellii ssp. neodioica (Greene) Bayer Field Pussytoes USDA ANHON |
Ojibwa Drug, Gynecological Aid Infusion of herb taken after childbirth to purge afterbirth and to heal. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 363 |
| Anthoxanthum odoratum L. Sweet Vernalgrass USDA ANOD |
Ojibwa Fiber, Basketry Grass used to make baskets. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 419 |
| Anthoxanthum odoratum L. Sweet Vernalgrass USDA ANOD |
Ojibwa Other, Ceremonial Items In the olden times, used ceremonially because of its persistent sweet scent. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 419 |