| Aristolochia serpentaria L. Virginia Snakeroot USDA ARSE3 |
Cherokee Drug, Toothache Remedy Poultice of bruised root applied to tooth for toothache. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 55 |
| Armoracia rusticana P.G. Gaertn. Horseradish USDA ARRU4 |
Mohegan Drug, Toothache Remedy Poultice of leaf bound to the face for toothaches. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 75, 132 |
| Armoracia rusticana P.G. Gaertn. Horseradish USDA ARRU4 |
Mohegan Drug, Toothache Remedy Poultice of leaves, with midrib removed, bound to cheeks for toothache. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1928, Mohegan Medicinal Practices, Weather-Lore and Superstitions, SI-BAE Annual Report #43: 264-270, page 266 |
| Artemisia californica Less. California Sagebrush USDA ARCA11 |
Costanoan Drug, Analgesic Poultice of leaves applied to the tooth for pain. Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 25 |
| Artemisia californica Less. California Sagebrush USDA ARCA11 |
Costanoan Drug, Toothache Remedy Poultice of leaves applied to the tooth for pain. Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 25 |
| Artemisia frigida Willd. Fringed Sagewort USDA ARFR4 |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Toothache Remedy Hot poultice of leaves applied for toothache. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 48 |
| Artemisia tridentata Nutt. Big Sagebrush USDA ARTRT |
Shoshoni Drug, Toothache Remedy Poultice of mashed leaves applied to cheek for toothache. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 44-47 |
| Asarum caudatum Lindl. British Columbia Wildginger USDA ASCAC2 |
Pomo, Kashaya Drug, Toothache Remedy Poultice of fresh, warmed leaves used for toothaches. Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 50 |
| Asclepias incarnata L. Swamp Milkweed USDA ASINI |
Iroquois Drug, Toothache Remedy Dried stems made into cord and used for tooth extraction. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 418 |
| Asclepias involucrata Engelm. ex Torr. Dwarf Milkweed USDA ASIN14 |
Navajo, Kayenta Drug, Toothache Remedy Poultice of heated roots applied for toothaches. Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 36 |
| Astragalus bisulcatus var. haydenianus (Gray) Barneby Hayden's Milkvetch USDA ASBIH |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Toothache Remedy Poultice of chewed leaves applied for toothache. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 32 |
| Astragalus sp. Vetch |
Shoshoni Drug, Toothache Remedy Decoction of root used as a wash for toothaches. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 50 |
| Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt. Fourwing Saltbush USDA ATCAC |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Toothache Remedy Poultice of warm, pulverized root applied for toothache. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 24 |
| Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt. Arrowleaf Balsamroot USDA BASA3 |
Cheyenne Drug, Toothache Remedy Root chewed for toothaches. Grinnell, George Bird, 1905, Some Cheyenne Plant Medicines, American Anthropologist 7:37-43, page 38 |
| Baptisia australis (L.) R. Br. ex Ait. f. Blue Wild Indigo USDA BAAUA |
Cherokee Drug, Toothache Remedy Hot infusion of root or beaten root held against tooth for toothache. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 40 |
| Baptisia tinctoria (L.) R. Br. ex Ait. f. Horseflyweed USDA BATI |
Cherokee Drug, Toothache Remedy Hot infusion of root or beaten root held against tooth for toothache. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 40 |
| Betula papyrifera Marsh. Paper Birch USDA BEPAP |
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Toothache Remedy Decoction of stems or branches taken for teething sickness. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 32 |
| Bothriochloa saccharoides (Sw.) Rydb. Silver Bluestem USDA BOSA |
Kiowa Drug, Oral Aid Stem used as a toothpick. Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 13 |
| Bothriochloa saccharoides (Sw.) Rydb. Silver Bluestem USDA BOSA |
Kiowa Drug, Oral Aid Stem used as a toothpick. Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 13 |
| Brassica nigra (L.) W.D.J. Koch Black Mustard USDA BRNI |
Mohegan Drug, Toothache Remedy Poultice of fresh leaves applied to toothaches. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 71, 128 |
| Brassica nigra (L.) W.D.J. Koch Black Mustard USDA BRNI |
Mohegan Drug, Toothache Remedy Poultice of leaves bound to the skin for toothache. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1928, Mohegan Medicinal Practices, Weather-Lore and Superstitions, SI-BAE Annual Report #43: 264-270, page 264 |
| Brassica nigra (L.) W.D.J. Koch Black Mustard USDA BRNI |
Mohegan Drug, Toothache Remedy Poultice of wilted leaves applied to the skin for toothache. Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 120 |
| Brassica nigra (L.) W.D.J. Koch Black Mustard USDA BRNI |
Shinnecock Drug, Toothache Remedy Poultice of wilted leaves applied to the skin for toothache. Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 120 |
| Cardamine concatenata (Michx.) Sw. Cutleaf Toothwort USDA CACO26 |
Iroquois Drug, Analgesic Poultice of smashed roots applied to the head for headaches. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 340 |
| Cardamine concatenata (Michx.) Sw. Cutleaf Toothwort USDA CACO26 |
Iroquois Drug, Cold Remedy Used for colds. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 340 |
| Cardamine concatenata (Michx.) Sw. Cutleaf Toothwort USDA CACO26 |
Iroquois Drug, Dietary Aid Used to stimulate appetite and regulate stomach. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 340 |
| Cardamine concatenata (Michx.) Sw. Cutleaf Toothwort USDA CACO26 |
Iroquois Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Plant used for colds, to stimulate appetite and to regulate the stomach. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 340 |
| Cardamine concatenata (Michx.) Sw. Cutleaf Toothwort USDA CACO26 |
Iroquois Drug, Hallucinogen Plant used to mesmerize. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 339 |
| Cardamine concatenata (Michx.) Sw. Cutleaf Toothwort USDA CACO26 |
Iroquois Drug, Heart Medicine Roots used several ways for heart palpitations or other heart diseases. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 340 |
| Cardamine concatenata (Michx.) Sw. Cutleaf Toothwort USDA CACO26 |
Iroquois Drug, Hunting Medicine Roots rubbed on guns, traps, fishing lines or hooks, a 'hunting medicine.' Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 339 |
| Cardamine concatenata (Michx.) Sw. Cutleaf Toothwort USDA CACO26 |
Iroquois Drug, Love Medicine Roots or plant placed in pocket or mouth to attract women, a 'love medicine.' Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 339 |
| Cardamine concatenata (Michx.) Sw. Cutleaf Toothwort USDA CACO26 |
Iroquois Drug, Panacea Compound infusion taken or placed on injured part, a 'Little Water Medicine.' Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 339 |
| Cardamine concatenata (Michx.) Sw. Cutleaf Toothwort USDA CACO26 |
Iroquois Food, Unspecified Roots eaten raw with salt or boiled. Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 120 |
| Cardamine concatenata (Michx.) Sw. Cutleaf Toothwort USDA CACO26 |
Iroquois Other, Ceremonial Items Plant used for divination. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 340 |
| Cardamine maxima (Nutt.) Wood Large Toothwort USDA CAMA36 |
Menominee Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Good medicine for the stomach. Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 65 |
| Cardamine maxima (Nutt.) Wood Large Toothwort USDA CAMA36 |
Menominee Food, Vegetable Roots fermented for four or five days to sweeten and cooked with corn. Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 65 |
| Cardamine maxima (Nutt.) Wood Large Toothwort USDA CAMA36 |
Ojibwa Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Roots used as a good medicine for the stomach. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 399 |
| Cardamine maxima (Nutt.) Wood Large Toothwort USDA CAMA36 |
Ojibwa Food, Vegetable Favored wild potatoes cooked with corn and deer meat or beans and deer meat. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 399 |
| Caulophyllum thalictroides (L.) Michx. Blue Cohosh USDA CATH2 |
Cherokee Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Taken for 'colics and nerves' or root ooze held in mouth for toothache. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 30 |
| Caulophyllum thalictroides (L.) Michx. Blue Cohosh USDA CATH2 |
Cherokee Drug, Toothache Remedy Root ooze held in mouth for toothache. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 30 |
| Ceanothus americanus L. New Jersey Tea USDA CEAM |
Cherokee Drug, Toothache Remedy Infusion of root held on aching tooth. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46 |
| Celastrus scandens L. American Bittersweet USDA CESC |
Iroquois Drug, Toothache Remedy Decoction of roots used as a wash on lips and gums of teething child. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 376 |
| Centaurium exaltatum (Griseb.) W. Wight ex Piper Desert Centaury USDA CEEX |
Miwok Drug, Toothache Remedy Decoction of stems and leaves taken for toothaches. Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 168 |
| Cephalanthus occidentalis L. Common Buttonbush USDA CEOC2 |
Choctaw Drug, Toothache Remedy Bark chewed for toothache. Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 24 |
| Cephalanthus occidentalis L. Common Buttonbush USDA CEOC2 |
Choctaw Drug, Toothache Remedy Bark chewed for toothaches. Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 58 |
| Chaetopappa ericoides (Torr.) Nesom Rose Heath USDA CHER2 |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Toothache Remedy Leaves chewed for toothache. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 48 |
| Chamaesyce fendleri (Torr. & Gray) Small Fendler's Sandmat USDA CHFE3 |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Toothache Remedy Hot poultice of plant applied for toothache. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 35 |
| Chamaesyce maculata (L.) Small Spotted Sandmat USDA CHNU9 |
Cherokee Drug, Toothache Remedy Root used for toothache. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 45 |
| Chamaesyce serpyllifolia ssp. serpyllifolia Thymeleaf Sandmat USDA CHSES |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Toothache Remedy Hot poultice of plant applied for toothache. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 35 |
| Chenopodium ambrosioides L. Mexican Tea USDA CHAMA16 |
Miwok Drug, Toothache Remedy Plant used for toothache or an ulcerated tooth. Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 168 |