| Psathyrotes ramosissima (Torr.) Gray Velvet Turtleback USDA PSRA |
Paiute Drug, Toothache Remedy Dry bits chewed for toothache. Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks. Originally published in 1959, page 45 |
| Psorothamnus polydenius var. polydenius Nevada Smokebush USDA PSPOP |
Paiute Drug, Toothache Remedy Stems chewed for toothache or face neuralgia. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 64-66 |
| Pteridium aquilinum var. pubescens Underwood Hairy Brackenfern USDA PTAQP2 |
Makah Drug, Toothache Remedy Fiddleheads placed on each side of the gums adjacent to the affected tooth for toothaches. Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 224 |
| Quercus rubra L. Northern Red Oak USDA QURUR |
Mahuna Drug, Toothache Remedy Plant juice used for straightening and setting loose teeth. Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 25 |
| Quercus sp. Red Oak |
Costanoan Drug, Toothache Remedy Decoction of bark used for toothaches and to tighten loose teeth. Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 20 |
| Ranunculus abortivus L. Littleleaf Buttercup USDA RAAB |
Iroquois Drug, Toothache Remedy Plant used for sore teeth. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 325 |
| Ranunculus bulbosus L. St. Anthony's Turnip USDA RABU |
Iroquois Drug, Toothache Remedy Root placed in cavity to break up the tooth for a toothache. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 320 |
| Ranunculus hispidus var. nitidus (Chapman) T. Duncan Bristly Buttercup USDA RAHIN |
Iroquois Drug, Toothache Remedy Root placed in cavity to break up the tooth for a toothache. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 320 |
| Ranunculus recurvatus Poir. Blisterwort USDA RARER2 |
Iroquois Drug, Toothache Remedy Decoction of roots taken to 'kill the worms' in sore and hollow teeth. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 320 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Cheyenne Drug, Toothache Remedy Fruit chewed for toothaches. Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 14 |
| Ribes indecorum Eastw. Whiteflower Currant USDA RIIN |
Luiseno Drug, Toothache Remedy Roots used for toothaches. Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 232 |
| Ribes malvaceum Sm. Chaparral Currant USDA RIMAM |
Luiseno Drug, Toothache Remedy Roots used for toothaches. Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 232 |
| Robinia hispida L. Bristly Locust USDA ROHIH |
Cherokee Drug, Toothache Remedy Beaten root held on tooth for toothache. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 43 |
| Robinia pseudoacacia L. Black Locust USDA ROPS |
Cherokee Drug, Toothache Remedy Beaten root held on tooth for toothache. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 43 |
| Rubus argutus Link Sawtooth Blackberry USDA RUAR2 |
Cherokee Drug, Antidiarrheal Infusion of root or leaf used for diarrhea. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 26 |
| Rubus argutus Link Sawtooth Blackberry USDA RUAR2 |
Cherokee Drug, Antirheumatic (Internal) Infusion given for rheumatism. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 26 |
| Rubus argutus Link Sawtooth Blackberry USDA RUAR2 |
Cherokee Drug, Dermatological Aid Compound, astringent and tonic infusion of root used as a wash for piles. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 25, 26 |
| Rubus argutus Link Sawtooth Blackberry USDA RUAR2 |
Cherokee Drug, Hemorrhoid Remedy Compound infusion of root used for piles. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 26 |
| Rubus argutus Link Sawtooth Blackberry USDA RUAR2 |
Cherokee Drug, Oral Aid Washed root chewed for coated tongue. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 26 |
| Rubus argutus Link Sawtooth Blackberry USDA RUAR2 |
Cherokee Drug, Stimulant Used as a stimulant. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 26 |
| Rubus argutus Link Sawtooth Blackberry USDA RUAR2 |
Cherokee Drug, Throat Aid Used with honey as a wash for sore throat. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 26 |
| Rubus argutus Link Sawtooth Blackberry USDA RUAR2 |
Cherokee Drug, Tonic Used as a tonic. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 26 |
| Rubus argutus Link Sawtooth Blackberry USDA RUAR2 |
Cherokee Drug, Urinary Aid Compound decoction taken to regulate urination. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 26 |
| Rubus argutus Link Sawtooth Blackberry USDA RUAR2 |
Cherokee Drug, Venereal Aid Used for venereal disease. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 26 |
| Rubus argutus Link Sawtooth Blackberry USDA RUAR2 |
Cherokee Food, Beverage Fruit used to make juice. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 26 |
| Rubus argutus Link Sawtooth Blackberry USDA RUAR2 |
Cherokee Food, Fruit Fruit used for food. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 26 |
| Rubus idaeus L. American Red Raspberry USDA RUIDI |
Cherokee Drug, Toothache Remedy Roots used for toothache. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 52 |
| Rubus idaeus L. American Red Raspberry USDA RUIDI |
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Toothache Remedy Decoction of stem and upper part of the roots used for teething sickness. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 57 |
| Rubus occidentalis L. Black Raspberry USDA RUOC |
Cherokee Drug, Toothache Remedy Roots used for toothache. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 52 |
| Rubus odoratus L. Purpleflowering Raspberry USDA RUODO |
Cherokee Drug, Toothache Remedy Roots used for toothache. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 52 |
| Rubus spectabilis Pursh Salmonberry USDA RUSPS |
Makah Drug, Toothache Remedy Poultice of bark applied to aching tooth. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 35 |
| Rumex crispus L. Curly Dock USDA RUCRC |
Yavapai Drug, Toothache Remedy Fresh or boiled tuber placed against gum or tooth or decoction held in mouth for toothaches. Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 261 |
| Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook. Scouler's Willow USDA SASC |
Shuswap Other, Fasteners Tough, bark strips poked through the roots of dog tooth violet, to hang them for drying. Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 68 |
| Salix sp. |
Crow Drug, Oral Aid Bark chewed for tooth hygiene. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 67 |
| Salix sp. |
Kiowa Drug, Toothache Remedy Bark chewed for toothaches. Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 19 |
| Salix sp. |
Shoshoni Drug, Toothache Remedy Poultice of mashed roots applied to the gums for toothaches. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 133-136 |
| Salix sp. |
Thompson Drug, Toothache Remedy Bark chewed for toothache. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 279 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli Blue Elderberry USDA SANIC5 |
Thompson Drug, Toothache Remedy Fresh bark used in hollow tooth for toothaches. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 474 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Cahuilla Drug, Toothache Remedy Infusion of blossoms used for the teeth. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 138 |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli American Elder USDA SANIC4 |
Thompson Drug, Toothache Remedy Fresh bark used in hollow tooth for toothaches. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 474 |
| Sambucus racemosa L. Scarlet Elderberry USDA SARAR3 |
Okanagon Drug, Toothache Remedy Bark placed in the hollow of a tooth for toothaches. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 42 |
| Sambucus racemosa L. Scarlet Elderberry USDA SARAR3 |
Thompson Drug, Toothache Remedy Bark placed in the hollow of a tooth for toothaches. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 42 |
| Sanvitalia abertii Gray Albert's Creeping Zinnia USDA SAAB |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Toothache Remedy Leaves chewed for toothache. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 53 |
| Sarcobatus vermiculatus (Hook.) Torr. Greasewood USDA SAVE4 |
Paiute, Northern Drug, Toothache Remedy Wood or roots heated until burned or blackened and used on aching and decayed teeth. Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 129 |
| Saxifraga tricuspidata Rottb. Three Toothed Saxifrage USDA SATR5 |
Eskimo, Inuktitut Food, Unspecified Flowers eaten as food. Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 186 |
| Shepherdia rotundifolia Parry Roundleaf Buffaloberry USDA SHRO |
Navajo, Kayenta Drug, Toothache Remedy Ash used as lotion for toothaches. Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 32 |
| Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav. Silverleaf Nightshade USDA SOEL |
Zuni Drug, Toothache Remedy Chewed root placed in cavity of aching tooth. Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 60 |
| Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav. Silverleaf Nightshade USDA SOEL |
Zuni Drug, Toothache Remedy Fruit chewed over sore tooth. Camazine, Scott and Robert A. Bye, 1980, A Study Of The Medical Ethnobotany Of The Zuni Indians of New Mexico, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2:365-388, page 378 |
| Solanum nigrum L. Black Nightshade USDA SOPT3 |
Costanoan Drug, Toothache Remedy Plant smoke inhaled for toothaches. Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 14 |
| Solidago californica Nutt. California Goldenrod USDA SOCA5 |
Miwok Drug, Toothache Remedy Decoction held in mouth for toothaches. Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 173 |