| Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. Grand Fir USDA ABGRG |
Shuswap Drug, Toothache Remedy Hard pitch chewed to clean the teeth. Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Toothache Remedy Decoction of roots taken or roots chewed for toothaches. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 23 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Creek Drug, Toothache Remedy Plant used as toothache medicine. Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, page 663 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Mahuna Drug, Toothache Remedy Rolled leaves inserted into cavity of painful tooth. Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 24 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Toothache Remedy Roots mashed and applied to the tooth for toothaches. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 74 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Paiute Drug, Toothache Remedy Leaves chewed for toothache. Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 197 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Saanich Drug, Toothache Remedy Poultice of leaves held in the mouth for toothaches. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 80 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Thompson Drug, Toothache Remedy Mashed root placed over a tooth for toothache. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 166 |
| Achillea millefolium var. borealis (Bong.) Farw. Boreal Yarrow USDA ACMIB |
Costanoan Drug, Toothache Remedy Heated leaves held in the mouth for toothaches. Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 25 |
| Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis DC. Western Yarrow USDA ACMIO |
Carrier Drug, Toothache Remedy Crushed roots placed in the tooth for toothaches. Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 85 |
| Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis DC. Western Yarrow USDA ACMIO |
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Toothache Remedy Decoction of roots and other herbs taken for teething related sickness. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 22 |
| Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis DC. Western Yarrow USDA ACMIO |
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Toothache Remedy Flowers & wild mint flowers wrapped in a cloth, dipped in water & used to remove teething gum pus. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 22 |
| Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis DC. Western Yarrow USDA ACMIO |
Paiute Drug, Toothache Remedy Green leaves or roots used in various ways for toothaches. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 31-33 |
| Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis DC. Western Yarrow USDA ACMIO |
Paiute Drug, Toothache Remedy Poultice of fresh, mashed roots packed around an infected tooth for the pain. Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 118 |
| Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis DC. Western Yarrow USDA ACMIO |
Shoshoni Drug, Toothache Remedy Green leaves or roots used in various ways for toothaches. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 31-33 |
| Achillea sibirica Ledeb. Siberian Yarrow USDA ACSI |
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Toothache Remedy Decoction of roots and other herbs taken for teething related sickness. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 23 |
| Achillea sp. |
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Toothache Remedy Poultice of chewed roots applied to toothaches. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 23 |
| Acorus calamus L. Calamus USDA ACAM |
Blackfoot Drug, Toothache Remedy Poultice of crushed rootstocks and hot water applied to toothaches. Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 23 |
| Acorus calamus L. Calamus USDA ACAM |
Chippewa Drug, Pediatric Aid Decoction of root taken and dried root chewed by children for toothache. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 342 |
| Acorus calamus L. Calamus USDA ACAM |
Chippewa Drug, Toothache Remedy Decoction of root taken or root chewed, especially by children, for toothache. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 342 |
| Acorus calamus L. Calamus USDA ACAM |
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Toothache Remedy Decoction of rootstocks used for sickness related to teething. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 24 |
| Acorus calamus L. Calamus USDA ACAM |
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Toothache Remedy Poultice of chewed rootstock applied to aching teeth. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 24 |
| Acorus calamus L. Calamus USDA ACAM |
Dakota Drug, Toothache Remedy Rootstock chewed for toothache. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 69, 70 |
| Acorus calamus L. Calamus USDA ACAM |
Iroquois Drug, Toothache Remedy Root packed into hole of aching tooth to break up the tooth. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 278 |
| Acorus calamus L. Calamus USDA ACAM |
Iroquois Drug, Toothache Remedy Roots smoked and the smoke sucked into hollow tooth for toothache. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 278 |
| Acorus calamus L. Calamus USDA ACAM |
Lakota Drug, Toothache Remedy Roots chewed for toothache. Kraft, Shelly Katheren, 1990, Recent Changes in the Ethnobotany of Standing Rock Indian Reservation, University of North Dakota, M.A. Thesis, page 48 |
| Acorus calamus L. Calamus USDA ACAM |
Omaha Drug, Toothache Remedy Rootstock chewed for toothache. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 69, 70 |
| Acorus calamus L. Calamus USDA ACAM |
Pawnee Drug, Toothache Remedy Rootstock chewed for toothache. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 69, 70 |
| Acorus calamus L. Calamus USDA ACAM |
Ponca Drug, Toothache Remedy Rootstock chewed for toothache. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 69, 70 |
| Acorus calamus L. Calamus USDA ACAM |
Winnebago Drug, Toothache Remedy Rootstock chewed for toothache. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 69, 70 |
| Actaea pachypoda Ell. White Baneberry USDA ACPA |
Cherokee Drug, Toothache Remedy 'Will kill teeth of young people if not careful with it.' Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 55 |
| Adenostoma sparsifolium Torr. Redshank USDA ADSP |
Diegueno Drug, Toothache Remedy Infusion of plant used as a mouthwash for toothaches. Hinton, Leanne, 1975, Notes on La Huerta Diegueno Ethnobotany, Journal of California Anthropology 2:214-222, page 217 |
| Aesculus californica (Spach) Nutt. California Buckeye USDA AECA |
Costanoan Drug, Toothache Remedy Decoction of bark used for toothaches and loose teeth. Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 23 |
| Aesculus californica (Spach) Nutt. California Buckeye USDA AECA |
Mendocino Indian Drug, Toothache Remedy Bark placed in cavity of tooth for toothaches. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 366 |
| Ageratina altissima var. roanensis (Small) Clewell & Woot. White Snakeroot USDA AGALR |
Chickasaw Drug, Toothache Remedy Roots chewed and held in mouth for toothache. Campbell, T.N., 1951, Medicinal Plants Used by Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indians in the Early Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(9):285-290, page 288 |
| Ageratina altissima var. roanensis (Small) Clewell & Woot. White Snakeroot USDA AGALR |
Choctaw Drug, Toothache Remedy Roots chewed and held in mouth for toothache. Campbell, T.N., 1951, Medicinal Plants Used by Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indians in the Early Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(9):285-290, page 288 |
| Alnus incana ssp. rugosa (Du Roi) Clausen Speckled Alder USDA ALINR |
Algonquin, Quebec Drug, Toothache Remedy Root bark mixed with molasses and used for toothaches. Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 153 |
| Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung Thinleaf Alder USDA ALINT |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Toothache Remedy Burnt ashes used to clean the teeth. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 87 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Thompson Drug, Toothache Remedy Poultice of immature catkins applied to the tooth for toothache. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 188 |
| Alnus serrulata (Ait.) Willd. Hazel Alder USDA ALSE2 |
Cherokee Drug, Toothache Remedy Compound infusion of bark held in mouth for toothache. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 22 |
| Alnus viridis ssp. crispa (Ait.) Turrill American Green Alder USDA ALVIC |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Toothache Remedy Burnt ashes used to clean the teeth. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 87 |
| Alnus viridis ssp. crispa (Ait.) Turrill American Green Alder USDA ALVIC |
Thompson Drug, Toothache Remedy Poultice of immature catkins applied to the tooth for toothache. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 188 |
| Ambrosia acanthicarpa Hook. Flatspine Burr Ragweed USDA AMAC2 |
Zuni Drug, Toothache Remedy Ground root placed in tooth for toothache. Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 51, 52 |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Toothache Remedy Decoction of roots taken for teething sickness. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 28 |
| Antennaria plantaginifolia (L.) Richards. Woman's Tobacco USDA ANPL |
Iroquois Drug, Toothache Remedy Decoction of plant used as a mouth wash for toothaches. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 464 |
| Anthemis cotula L. Stinking Chamomile USDA ANCO2 |
Iroquois Drug, Toothache Remedy Root chewed for toothaches. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 471 |
| Arabis holboellii Hornem. Holboell's Rockcress USDA ARHO2 |
Thompson Drug, Toothache Remedy Leaves chewed as a strong medicine for toothache. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 193 |
| Aralia nudicaulis L. Wild Sarsaparilla USDA ARNU2 |
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Toothache Remedy Decoction of roots and other plants taken for teething sickness. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 29 |
| Aralia spinosa L. Devil's Walkingstick USDA ARSP2 |
Cherokee Drug, Toothache Remedy Used for rheumatism and 'ache of decaying teeth.' Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 31, 32 |
| Argemone polyanthemos (Fedde) G.B. Ownbey Crested Pricklypoppy USDA ARPO2 |
Shoshoni Drug, Toothache Remedy Warmed root used various ways for toothache. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 38, 39 |